Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi, i-Azhur ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngenxa yezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe. Futhi imifino enempilo etshalwe engadini yayo iyoba isithako esiyintandokazi sokwenza izitsha ezinomsoco namalungiselelo okuzenzela ebusika, esihlokweni sizonikeza incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zale utamatisi.
Incazelo kanye nezici zezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi i-Azhur
Izinhlobo ze-Azhur zingezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe siza ngemuva Izinsuku eziyi-105-110 ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamahlumela okuqala.
Lesi sitshalo sinesihlahla esihlanganisiwe esijwayelekile, esimbozwe kakhulu ngamahlamvu avulekile aqoshiwe avulekile. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungama-80-90 cm, okwenza kube lula ukuyikhulisa ngaphandle kokuxhaswa okwengeziwe. I-inflorescence ilula. I-peduncle icacisiwe.
Izithelo zikatamatisi zinesimo esilungile esiyindilinga, esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe zinemibala ebomvu ngokujulile. Utamatisi ngamunye walolu hlobo unesisindo 250-350 g... Izithelo ezinesikhumba esincane kodwa esinyene futhi sinoshukela omnandi, onamakha, obonakala ngokuqina nangokwenyama.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kotamatisi uginindela kudume ngokuba khona kuwo inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba, amavithamini, amaminerali, ushukela nama-organic organic.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda esikhulayo
I-Azhur engathobekile enambitheka omuhle ingumphumela womsebenzi wabafuyi basekhaya eRussia. Umsunguli nomnikazi welungelo lobunikazi nguSedek.
Inhloso yokwakha i-hybrid ukwakha isiko endaweni abamba ukushisa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo... Izinhlobonhlobo zabhaliswa ngo-2007 njengesitshalo semifino, ngemuva kwalokho zathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha phakathi kwabalimi.
Ensimini evulekile, ilungele ukukhula ezindaweni ezinjenge: Astrakhan, Krasnodar Territory kanye nezindawo ezimaphakathi eRussia. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ukulima kungenzeka kuphela ezimweni zokushisa okushisa.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo nobubi bazo
Izici ezinhle lapho inani lezinhlobonhlobo lilinganiswa zifaka:
- amanani aphezulu wesivuno, kusuka endaweni eyi-1 m2 ongayivuna 7-8 kg, nasesihlahleni esisodwa - kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8 kg utamatisi;
- ukunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa nezici zangaphandle, ngenxa yezithelo ezinkulu nokuma kwazo okukhangayo;
- ukukhula okunamandla kwamatamatisi kanye nokuthula kokuvuthwa kwawo ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu;
- akukho ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka;
- ukumelana kahle nezifo nokuhlaselwa izinambuzane, kuncike kuwo wonke amasu ezolimo;
- ukulondolozwa kokubukeka nokunambitheka izithelo lapho uhanjiswa amabanga amade;
- ukugcina ikhwalithi, ekuvumela ukuthi ugcine imifino evuthiwe isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu lapho ibekwa endaweni ebandayo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene, ngoba imifino ilungele kokubili okusha futhi kumalungiselelo okuzenzela ebusika.
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abanolwazi, lokhu kuhlukahluka akunazithiyo ezibonakalayo, kungaphawulwa kuphela isidingo esikhulayo sokunisela nokufaka umquba okuyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza kube nzima ukunakekelwa kwamatamatisi, kanye nokuncika kokunambitheka ebukhoneni bezakhamzimba enhlabathini.
Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical zokukhula
Inqubo yokutshala ukuhlukahluka kwe-Azhur ezimeni zokushisa okushisayo, indawo evulekile kungumsebenzi olula ongadingi ukwenziwa kwezimo ezinzima, futhi ukunakekelwa kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyabiza.
Ukutshala imbewu
Indlela ekhiqiza ngokwengeziwe yokuthola isivuno esicebile ukutshala izithombo zikatamatisi.
Ngakho-ke, inqubo eyinhloko yezolimo ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo yile ukwelashwa kwembewu, okuzokhulisa ukuhluma futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuhluma kwezithombo.
Izinqubo zokulungiselela imbewu zidinga isikhathi esiningi nokunakwa. Izigaba eziyinhloko zifaka ukuhlungwa kwembewu, ukufudumeza, ukucubungula kusisombululo se-biostimulant enezindawo zokuvikela nokusebenza, ukumosa, ukuhluma nokuqina.
I-substrate yenhlabathi yokutshala kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zezitshalo, ivuseleleke emoyeni, ingabi namakhekhi, ibe nokulingana okuhle kasawoti ne-asidi, futhi ingaqukethe amakhemikhali ayingozi kusiko.
Maphakathi nemashi ezinsukwini ezingama-55-60 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, udinga ukuqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu, okubandakanya imisebenzi elandelayo:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, uthele inhlabathi ezitsheni nakumanyolo.
- Indawo imbewu ezimbili noma ezintathuukushiya isithombo esithuthuke kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma kusetshenziswa ibhokisi, imbewu kufanele ijule ngo-1 cm, ibone isikhala esincane esingu-5 cm.
- Thela, umboze ngocwecwe noma ingilazi bese ubeka egumbini elinamazinga okushisa 23-25 degrees ngenhla kuka-zero. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Azhur zithanda ukukhanya okuhle, umoya owomile, inhlabathi enomswakama futhi azikwazi ukumelana nokusalungiswa, ngakho-ke, kudala izimo ezifanelekile zokunamathela kokuthandwa yisiko.
- Amahlumela okuqala azovela ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7. Kuleli qophelo, ifilimu kufanele isuswe futhi iniselwe lapho inhlabathi isoma.
- Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-3-5, izithombo zingaphansi ungene ezimbizeni ezihlukene, ngenkathi usebenzisa inhlabathi entsha enamanyolo. Ukukha kuhilela ukwakha izimpande ezengeziwe ngendlela engokwemvelo.
- Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, tshala izitshalo ezincane endaweni yokushisa noma endaweni evulekile.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho utshala utamatisi endaweni yokushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile, udinga ukugxila ezimweni zezulu nasendleleni ekhulayo. Kungcono lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi selikhuphukile kuze kufike ku-15-17̊ degrees.
Ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa. Lokhu kuzovumela izithombo ukuthi zivumelane nendawo entsha.
Izigaba eziyinhloko zokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, khetha kuqala isiza esinenhlabathi ephefumula futhi efudumele kahle. Kungcono ukutshala le mifino endaweni ephakeme noma embhedeni ophakanyisiwe. Abandulelayo abahle iklabishi, ukhukhamba, i-zucchini. Bamba umbhede okhethiwe, ulinganise futhi ugcine inkimbinkimbi yomanyolo usebenzisa umquba, izinkuni umlotha ne-superphosphate.
- Yenza imishayo yokufika, ugcine ibanga ngaphakathi 40 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa - 50-60 cm ngokulondolozwa okuhle nokuvuna okulula.
- Yonke imbobo amanzi kahle bese ufaka izinto eziphilayo.
- Tshala izithombo emigodini bese ufafaza ngobumnene inhlabathi evundile.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, nisela izitshalo futhi usebenzisa amanzi afudumele.
Ukunakekela
Ukuze isitshalo sibe nempilo futhi siqine, kufanele kuhlelwe ukunakekelwa okufanelekile okubandakanya:
- ukuchelela, imvamisa okuya ngesimo sezulu sesifunda nomswakama womhlabathi;
- njalo ukhula nokuxegisa phakathi kwemibhede;
- hilling ngenkathi kwakhiwa izimpande nokukhula kwazo;
- ukwakheka kwehlathi kanye nokususwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwamaqabunga amahlumela akhule kuma-axils, ukuze kugwenywe ukwehla kwesivuno kanye nokwehla ngosayizi wezithelo;
- ukuqaliswa kwezindlela zokuvikela izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane;
- ukubopha nokubambelela ezihlahleni ezinkulu ekusekelweni kusetshenziswa iziqeshana ezinde zezicubu ezithambile.
Izici ze-fruiting
Ukuze uthole isivuno setamatisi esisezingeni eliphakeme, kufanele ulandele zonke izeluleko ezibalulekile zokutshala le mifino emnandi:
- Izithombo ungatshali eduze komunye nomunye ngenhloso yokugwema ukunciphisa ukukhula kwabo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
- Nikeza izitshalo izibani ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ikakhulukazi ebusika, ngokuhlela ukukhanya okufakelwayo.
- Lapho utshala izithombo, udinga ukumba amahlumela abo ngokujule ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabathini, kuze kufike emaqabungeni aphezulu.
- Ukuze utamatisi ube mkhulu, udinga ukushiya ehlathini hhayi wonke ama-inflorescence, kepha cishe amathathu akhiwe kahle amaqoqo.
- Lawula ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokukha iziqongo, futhi ekuqaleni kokulungiselelwa kwamalungiselelo enziwe ebusika, inqwaba yezithelo izovuthwa futhi izolungela ukucubungulwa.
- Ukuze ulondolozwe kahle utamatisi, uqoqe esimweni sezulu esomile emini, ususe izithelo. Isivuno sokugcina kufanele senziwe ngaphambi kokuba izinga lokushisa lehle liye ku-5̊ degrees ngaphezu kuka-zero ebusuku.
Nawa amanye amathiphu abalulekile wokukusiza ukukhulisa isivuno sakho.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Izinhlobo ze-Azhur zikhombisa ukumelana okuphezulu nezifo ezitholakala kutamatisi.
Lesi simo asisho ngaphandle ingozi yokutheleleka nge-blight sekwephuzile, ubuciko bukagwayi, indawo ensundu. Izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni imikhaza, iminenke, amacimbi, amabhu.
Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezifo kanye nokuqongelela kwezilokazane, kufanele kubhekwe izimo eziningana:
- lapho ufika sebenzisa imbewu yekhwalithikuthengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile, ukwethemba abakhiqizi abathembekile kuphela;
- landela imithetho yokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo futhi ungatshali utamatisi eduze kwemibhede yamazambane;
- njalo ngonyaka shintsha ukufika, futhi uma lingekho lelo thuba, kubalulekile ukucubungula nokubuyisela inhlabathi;
- ngenhloso yokuvimbela fafaza izihlahla okokuvikela okufanele;
- behlukanisa futhi ususe izitshalo ezithintwe yisifo noma inkathazo ngesikhathi.
Abalimi abaningi bathandana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Azhur futhi bakwenza kwaba yisakhamuzi saphakade semibhede yabo ngezithelo zayo ezinkulu, ezihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nephunga elimnandi. Futhi isivuno esivulekile sizoqinisekiswa noma ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezingezinhle.