Inyama yenkukhu, amaqanda enkukhu ukudla okunempilo wonke umuntu anakho etafuleni. Ngakho-ke, ukukhulisa izinkukhu akuyona nje ibhizinisi elinenzuzo kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyimbuyiselo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuqala ukufuya izinkukhu, kusazuzisa ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe wonke ama-nuances wokufuya izinkukhu, ukuzigcina nokukhula.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokufuya izinkukhu emakhaya kwabaqalayo, sizofunda ukuthi singazifuya kanjani izinkukhu, kungani izinkukhu zihlambalaza, yini okufanele sinikeze ama-broilers ohudo kanye nezinye izingqinamba ezicindezelayo.
Ungawakhetha kanjani amatshwele lapho uthenga?
Ukukhulisa izinkukhu kusuka ku-incubator ekhaya kuyibhizinisi elinenzuzo, ngoba ngaphezu kwenyama namaqanda, ungasebenzisa ngempumelelo izimpaphe zezinyoni, umquba njengomanyolo ophilayo. Kepha ukuze leli bhizinisi libe wusizo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinkukhu ezifanele.
Isikhathi esihle sokuthenga izinkukhu ngu-Ephreli-Meyi.... Kungakuhle ukuthi uthenge amaphuphu ezindala asemini. Kungcono ukuthenga amatshwele emapulazini ezinkukhu, ngoba kulezi zindawo kukhona iziqinisekiso zokuthi abantu ngabanye banempilo futhi banamandla. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukhethe izinkukhu, udinga ukwazi ama-nuances wokukhetha kuye ngeminyaka yabantu.
Nsuku zonke
Ukuze ungaphazami futhi uthole amaphuphu ezindala anempilo ngesikhathi sokuthenga, udinga ukunaka izindlela eziningi zokubukeka kwabantu abasha:
- Iphuphu kufanele lomileiphilile futhi iyasebenza;
- Iphansi akufanele linamathele. Ngokubukeka yena kumele ibe yimpophoma, engenakho ukungcola nodoti wangaphandle;
- Ematholeni anosuku ngesikhathi sokuthengisa intambo kufanele ikhule ngokweqile;
- Qiniseka ukuthi uhlolisisa kahle inkaba. Uma kunezimfihlo kulo, khona-ke lokhu kukhula okuncane akukufanele ukuthenga. Ukuchithwa uphawu lokuqala lwesifo esithathelwanayo;
- I-cloaca kufanele ihlanzeke, umbala obomvana ngombala omanzi. Akufanele kube khona ukungcola, iminonjana yobulongwe kuyo;
- Amaphuphu kufanele abe nawo ukusabela emisindweni;
- Umhlane kufanele uqonde;
- Ikhanda kufanele liqonde;
- Umlomo obushelelezi nolungile ngesakhiwo esinombala.
Masonto onke
Kwesinye isikhathi abalimi bezinkukhu bathenga amatshwele enesonto elilodwa ubudala ukonga imali nesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona ngaso sonke isikhathi isinqumo esifanele nesilungile. Abantu abasha abakule minyaka yobudala bangenwa yizifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba wabo ubuthakathaka futhi ubuthakathaka.
Kepha uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga izinkukhu zamasonto onke, kufanele ucabangele izindlela ezilandelayo zokukhetha:
- Abantu kufanele babe esebenzayo futhi enempilo;
- Izimpaphe kufanele zibe fluffy ngaphandle kokungcola, iminonjana yodoti;
- Isisu kufanele sithambe lapho sithinta;
- Ikhanda liqondile, lilinganiselwe;
- Uqhwaku luqonde ngesakhiwo sombala;
- Impendulo enhle emisindweni;
- Kufanele ngabe sekuvele kusetshenzisiwe ukukhipha i-reflex;
- Izimpiko kufanele zinamathele emzimbeni;
- I-cloaca kufanele ihlanzeke, ibomvana futhi ingenakho ukungcola nezimfihlo.
Nyanga zonke
Amachwane anenyanga eyodwa ubudala awavamile ukuthengwa ukuze ahlukanise. Noma kunjalo, abanye abalimi bayakukholelwa lokho ngalesi sikhathi, abantu basinda kangcono futhi sebethuthukise ukungavikeleki ezifweni ezithathelwanayo... Mhlawumbe kunjalo, kepha akufanele uwuthembe lo mbandela. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abagula nyangazonke bagula kaningi.
Kunoma ikuphi, izindlela zokukhetha amaphuphu zenyanga ziyefana:
- Umsebenzi nokuhamba;
- Impendulo enhle emisindweni;
- Izimpaphe - zinoboya, ngaphandle kokungcola, imfucumfucu, enesakhiwo esibushelelezi;
- Isisu kufanele sibe nokuthungwa okuthambile lapho sithinta;
- Inhloko kufanele ilingane futhi ilingane;
- Umlomo kufanele ubushelelezi futhi ube nombala;
- Amachwane kufanele asevele ethuthukile ukukhipha i-reflex;
- Kuyafaneleka ukunaka amaphiko, kufanele acindezelwe ngokuqinile emzimbeni;
- I-cloaca kufanele ihlanzeke, ibomvana, futhi ingabinayo indle nezimfihlo.
Ngabe kungcono ukukhula nenkukhu noma nge-incubator?
Izici zokuqothula izinkukhu ngesikhukhukazi sabaqalayo
Ungayitshala kanjani inkukhu eqandeni ekhaya ngaphandle kwesihlanganisi? Abanye abalimi abanolwazi bathanda ukuqandusela amaqanda ngaphansi kwesikhukhukazi ngoba kuyinqubo engokwemvelo.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukukhomba inkukhu ekulungele ukuqandula ngeke kube nzima. Kungakuhle ukuthi unake indlela izinkukhu eziziphatha ngayo. Uma ngokungazelelwe inkukhu ingaphumi esidlekeni isikhathi eside noma ihlale lapho ubusuku, khona-ke lokhu mhlawumbe kukhombisa ukuthi umuzwa wokufukamela uvukile kuwo.
Kepha ungabeki amaqanda ngokushesha ngaphansi kwawo, kunconywa ukuthi ubheke indlela aziphethe ngayo lowo muntu isikhashana... Udinga ukuvumela inkukhu ihlale kahle. Inkukhu eyenziwe isilungele ukufukamela, lapho ikhishwa esidlekeni, yenza imisindo ebabulayo futhi idwengulwe ngawo wonke amandla ayo ibuyele ekufukameleni esidlekeni. Kulokhu, ukukhulisa amaphuphu anosuku emakhaya kuzoba ukonga impela.
Ngokuya ngesisindo salowo nalowo muntu, amaqanda ayi-11 kuya kwangu-21 abekwa ngaphansi kwaso. Indawo yokufukamela kumele yehlukaniswe nezinye izinkukhu. Ungasebenzisa ikheji elihlukile lendawo yokwakha isidleke, noma ubeke isidleke ekhoneni elimnyama lehhoko lezinkukhu.
Qinisekisa ukondla isikhukhukaziukuze angafi yindlala nokukhathala, okuvame ukwenzeka. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe ngenkukhu inkukhu esidlekeni bese uyondla uyinisele izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku.
Amachwane ngesikhukhukazi achamisela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-21. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezimo lapho isikhukhukazi sezinkukhu, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuqanduselwa okuphelele, singabeka amaqanda asele bese sihambahamba nabantu asebevele bachanyuselwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela lezi zinkinga ezingathandeki, labo bantu asebechanyuselwe bafakwa ebhokisini noma endaweni efudumele, kuqala kufakwa isibani ngaphezulu kwabo. Ngezinsuku ezingama-22-23, umndeni uyahlangana.
Buhle:
- Inqubo yemvelo;
- Izinga lokusinda eliphakeme;
- Amachwane avela ngesikhathi sokuchamusela nangesikhathi esilandelanayo ahlangana nesikhukhukazi;
- Ezomnotho. Le ndlela izodinga izindleko zezimali eziphansi impela.
Ubuncane:
- Inqubo ende;
- Inani eliphansi lamachwane aqanduswayo ngesizini ngayinye;
- Kukhona ithuba lokuthi isikhukhukazi sikhukhulela amaqanda ngenkathi sifukamela;
- Ukuchanyuselwa kwezinkukhu ngale ndlela kungatholakala kanye kuphela ngenkathi kanye nasesimo sezulu esifudumele.
Izici zezinkukhu ezikhulayo ku-incubator ekhaya bese uzondla
Izinkukhu ezizalisayo zisebenzisa i-incubator zifunwa kakhulu futhi izinzuzo zezinkukhu ezikhulayo ngemuva kwesikhuthazi zikhulume ngalokhu, phakathi kwazo okumele kuqhakanjiswe okuyinhloko:
- Ukusetshenziswa okunenzuzo. Ngenkathi eyodwa, i-incubator isetshenziswa kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-10;
- Ukusetshenziswa okulula... Le divayisi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ayidingi ukondliwa, ukuniselwa, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ukuthi isikhukhukazi sizokhomba amaqanda;
- Ungabeka amaqanda angama-50 nokuningi ngasikhathi;
- Ichick ichamisela unyaka wonke... Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngayo yonke imisebenzi enikela ngokukhipha ebusika nasehlobo.
Ngokuya ngemisebenzi, ama-incubator ayimishini, ayenziwa ngesandla futhi azenzekelayo.
Ku-incubator yesandla, iqanda ngalinye liphendulwa ngesandla... Ukusetshenziswa kwesifutho somshini kucishe kufane nokwedivayisi ephethwe ngesandla. Kodwa-ke, kulolu hlobo lwe-incubator, alikho iqanda elilodwa eliphenduliwe, kodwa konke ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kokulawulwa komswakama nezimo zokushisa kuzo zombili izinhlobo zamadivayisi kulele ngokuphelele kumnikazi.
Kepha amadivayisi anokujika okuzenzakalelayo kwamaqanda enza lula kakhulu impilo yomlimi, ngoba ane-thermostat yedijithali. Ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwamaqanda, kufanele kubekwe izinga lokushisa elithile, futhi lihlala lizinzile ngesikhathi sokufukamela esilandelayo.
Uma umbuso wezinga lokushisa ukhuphuka noma wehla ngokucijile, imishini yenza umsindo obukhali... Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqanda aphendulwa njalo ngehora, okuvimbela umbungu ukuthi unamathele kugobolondo, futhi kwandise iphesenti lokusinda kwamachwane. Noma kunjalo, le mishini iyabiza. Kepha le kuphela kwendlela ongafusa ngayo izinkukhu ezinempilo.
Imibandela yokuboshwa
Izakhiwo
Ukugcina izinkukhu ngemuva kwe-incubator ekhaya kulula. Khumbula imithetho embalwa yokunakekela indlu yenkukhu:
- Isimo esibalulekile segumbi ukuhlanzeka. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza indawo lapho amaphuphu agcinwa khona nsuku zonke, ususe udoti, ukudla okungadliwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izifo zingavela ngokushesha egumbini elingcolile;
- Uma udoti utholakala endlini, uguqulwa njalo. Kufanele ihlale ihlanzekile futhi yomile;
- Akukhuthazwa ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinkukhu libe khona endaweni yokuboshwa. Kubalulekile ukunikeza intsha isikhala samahhala ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba, ukugijima, nokuvivinya ngokugcwele yonke imisebenzi yezimoto;
- Inani lokugcinwa kwemfuyo ngqo kuya ngendawo yendawo yokugcina amatshwele.
Akudingekile ukugcina amatshwele ezindlini ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njalo, udinga ukuthatha inani lezinyoni lihambe ngaphandle ukuze lihambe, kepha ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala. Umoya omusha, ukuthola okuphakelayo okwengeziwe okuluhlaza yizimo eziyinhloko zokusebenza ngokugcwele kwazo zonke izitho zokugaya ukudla zenyoni.
Shine
Isimo sesibili esibalulekile sokugcina amatshwele silula. Ubude bamahora emini buya ngeminyaka yentsha.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempilo yenkukhu, kuyadingeka ukugcina isikhathi samahora emini okungenani amahora ayi-18... Lokhu-ke kwehliswa kube ngamahora ayi-10 ngaphambi kokuba amaphuphu afinyelele ezinyangeni ezine ubudala.
Lezi zinkomba azincikile ohlotsheni lwezinhlobo zezinkukhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunandaba ukuthi izinkukhu zikhuliselwa ini - amaqanda noma inyama, le nkomba kufanele ihlale ingashintshiwe. Isikhathi samahora emini ebusika singagcinwa ngokuba khona kokukhanya okwengeziwe egumbini lapho kugcinwa khona abantu.
Izinga lokushisa lokuzalisa abantu abaphilile
Imingcele yethempelesha incike kubudala benyoni:
- Kubantu abashona kuze kube yizinsuku ezinhlanu ubudala, umbuso ofanele wokushisa ekamelweni ubhekwa njengofinyelela ku- +32 degrees Celsius;
- Ngokuqala kwezinsuku eziyisithupha zokuphila kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-9, izinga lokushisa lincipha kancane kancane libe ngu- + 28 degrees Celsius;
- Kusukela osukwini lwe-10 kuze kube lusuku lwama-20, umbuso wezinga lokushisa wehliswa ngamanye ama-3 degrees +25 degrees Celsius;
- Esikhathini esilandelayo, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe kusuka ku- +20 degrees kuye ku-24 degrees Celsius.
Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile kungaqinisekiswa ngamalambu okukhanyisa. Ebusika, ama-heater angeziwe angafakwa.
Ukudla
Yini ongayinikeza ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila
Ukudla kwezinkukhu kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchamuselwa... Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukulinda isikhashana ukuze zome, ukuze ziqine kancane.
Inani elincane lamagundane ommbila kufanele lithelwe ku-feeder ngesisekelo esiyisicaba noma ngokumane phansi kwebhokisi. Lokhu okusanhlamvu kunesakhiwo esihle, ngakho-ke lokhu kudla kuzolungela kakhulu amatshwele asanda kuzalwa.
Ungaziniki izinkukhu ezisanda kuzalwa isikhuphasha. Lo mkhiqizo unamafutha amaningi. Futhi, odokotela bezilwane abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi lokhu kudla akunankinga efanele esakhiweni semisipha yesisu senkukhu esanda kuzalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwakheka nokwakheka kwezindonga zesisu kuyaphazamiseka. Uma i-roughage inikezwa ngemuva kwalesi sidlo, ingadala ukugaya ukudla.
Ukondla amaphuphu ezindala osuku
Ukudla kwabantu abadlulayo, ngokungafani namachwane asanda kuchanyuselwa, sekuvele kwahluka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokugaya ummbila, abantu ngabanye banganikezwa ezinye izinhlobo zokuphakelayo:
- USemolina;
- Ibhali ligaya;
- Amabele;
- Ama-oat flakes;
- Iziphunga zikakolweni.
Inqubo yokondla amaphuphu ezindala kufanele yenziwe njalo emahoreni amabili... Okuphakelayo kufanele kunikezwe ngezingxenyana ezincane. Kunconywa ukuthi ungahlanganisi okusanhlamvu, ngaphandle kwalokho abanye abantu bazoqala ukukhetha ukudla abakuthanda kakhulu futhi bazokudla kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukunikeza izingxube ze-feed ngokwehlukana futhi zomile.
Ukukhula okugcwele kanye nentuthuko, amaphuphu kufanele anikezwe ezinye izinto ngaphezu kokusanhlamvu. Kubantu abasha, i-cottage shizi iyasiza kakhulu. Ngenxa yalo mkhiqizo, umzimba wezinkukhu ugcwele izinto ezine-nitrogen kanye ne-calcium. I-Cottage shizi inganikezwa kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane ekuseni, ngaphambi kokuxubana nokusanhlamvu.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula lokho imikhiqizo yobisi inikela ngenani eliphakeme lezingane... Esikhundleni samanzi, ungathela isiphuzo se-whey, i-kefir ewuketshezi. Ngosuku lwesithathu, abantu bangaphakelwa ngamakhambi. Ukudla ungasebenzisa ukhova, i-clover, idandelion, imbabazane, ukuluma. Ngosuku lwesihlanu, u-anyanisi oluhlaza kufanele wethulwe. U-anyanisi oluhlaza unomphumela omuhle - unikeza ukuvikelwa okuphezulu komzimba ezifweni ezahlukahlukene zamathumbu.
Masonto onke
Abantu abanesonto elilodwa ubudala sebengaqala ukunikeza inhlanganisela yommbila, ibhali, i-oat kanye ne-groats kakolweni. Amabele ahlanganiswe ngamanani alinganayo - 1: 1.
Ngokwengeziwe, amakhambi aqoshiwe nemikhiqizo yobisi ingangezwa kuleyo ngxube. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu bangakwazi ukondliwa kaningi, kepha izingxenye kufanele zibe nkulu. Ukufika kokuphakelayo okungu-4-5 kufanele kutholakale ngosuku.
Izikhathi
Kusuka enyangeni noma ngaphezulu, amaphuphu ayadedelwa emgwaqweni ngokuhamba ngezinyawo. Ngalesi sizathu, ukudla ngalesi sikhathi kuluhlaza. Ngokusebenzisa amakhambi neminye imifino, abantu bathola amavithamini adingekayo emzimbeni wabo okhulayo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho okusanhlamvu okumbumbulu kufakwa ekudleni kwezingqimba ngazinye... Kusukela enyangeni nohhafu, abantu abadala kufanele badle okusanhlamvu okuphelele. Unganikeza inyama nethambo lokudla nemfucuza yokudla.
Ungabunquma kanjani ubulili benkukhu: inkukhu noma iqhude?
Eqandeni
Ungayibona kanjani inkukhu eqandeni eqandeni? Ababaningi abalimi bezinkukhu abazokweneliseka lapho, ngemuva kokuchamuselwa, iphesenti labesilisa lizoba cishe ngama-80-90%. Ngakho-ke, kulezi zimo, indlela yokunquma ubulili beqhude noma inkukhu ngeqanda iyasetshenziswa. Kungabonakala sengathi lo msebenzi unzima futhi cishe awunakwenzeka, kepha lokhu akunjalo.
Ukunquma ubulili beqanda, izincomo zizosiza:
- Okokuqala udinga thatha iqanda ngesandla sakho sokudla, kanti ukuphela okubukhali kweqanda kufanele kubhekiswe phezulu;
- Ngaphezu kwalokho sebenzisa umunwe wakho wesobunxele phezulu;
- Uma indandatho nama-tubercles kubonwa ekugcineni okungenhla, khona-ke lezi zindlela zibonisa ukuthi kuzovela iqhude. Uma phezulu kweqanda kunesakhiwo esibushelelezi - inkukhu.
Emini ubudala
Ungayihlukanisa kanjani inkukhu kwi-cockerel emini yakudala? Ngosuku olulodwa lweminyaka, izici zocansi aziveli nakancane, ngakho-ke kunzima ukucacisa ubulili. Abesifazane bavame ukuba nezimpaphe ezichumayo., kepha abesilisa, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayindlala, kwezinye izindawo bangahle bangabi namandla.
Ezinyangeni ezi-2
Ungalitshela kanjani iqhude enkukhu enezinyanga ezi-2 ubudala? Kule minyaka, ubulili bunganqunywa kusetshenziswa izindlela eziningana:
- Izimpaphe... Abantu abanezimpaphe eziningi ngabesifazane, kanti labo abanezimpaphe ezimbi bangabesilisa;
- Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqhude anekama, intshebe iba bomvu, nobuso buyindilinga;
- Kumaqhude, imilenze iba mide, ama-spurs asevele abonakala kuwo;
- Kwabesilisa, ama-plaits akhule avela emsileni.
Ezinyangeni ezi-3 nezingu-4
Ungahlukanisa kanjani iqhude lenkukhu ezinyangeni ezi-3 noma ezi-4 Lapho unezinyanga ezintathu, ukuzimisela ngocansi kwabantu ngabanye kulula kakhulu, kumaqhude ungabona lezi zici zangaphandle:
- I-scallop iba nombala ogqamile;
- I-crest, intshebe namacici kukhulu;
- Imilenze iba phezulu;
- AmaSpurs asevele abonakala ngokusobala emilenzeni;
- Umsila unamagoda amade.
Izindlela zokunquma emapulazini ezinkukhu
Ngaphezu kwezindlela zendabuko zokunquma ubulili bezinkukhu, kunezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emapulazini ezinkukhu. Lezi zindlela zisiza ekunqumeni ubulili kakhulu.
Indlela ye-cytogenetic
I-cockerel ingahlukaniswa kanjani nenkukhu ngale ndlela? Le ndlela isuselwa ekuzimiseleni ngeminyaka yi-karyotype yeseli lezimpaphe elisebenza ngokushesha. Imvamisa kwabesilisa abangenayo ngisho inyanga ubudala, i-chromosome Z isebenza njenge-metacentric ende kunazo zonke.
Kwabesifazane, inani lala ma-chromosomes liphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi; ama-W-chromosomes - angaphansi kwamandla emizimbeni yawo. Uma, ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa, kutholakala ukuthi i-Z-chromosome ikhona emzimbeni kukhophi eyodwa, khona-ke lena yinkukhu, uma kukhona lawa ma-chromosomes amaningi, kusho ukuthi i-cockerel.
I-DNA
Le ndlela, yokuhlukanisa kanjani izinkukhu kwabesifazane, ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ubulili bamachwane ngamathuba amakhulu kakhulu. Kususelwa ekuvundisweni kwe-DNA yegazi nge-primer.
Intsha ingabonakala ngokunemba okuphezulu kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwamasampuli noma igazi lonke, ama-erythrocyte ageziwe. Ububi bale ndlela bufaka izindleko eziphezulu nokuqina kwabasebenzi.
Emaphikweni
Ukunqunywa kobulili kusetshenziswa le ndlela:
- Indlela yokuqala ukuhlola umbala wezimpiko... Lapho unezinsuku ezingama-2-3 ubudala, amaphiko amaphuphu ayahlolwa - kwabesilisa alula kancane kunabesifazane;
- Indlela yesibili ekubaleni izimpaphe... Kuyadingeka ukudonsa iphiko lechwane bese ulisakaza. Izinkukhu zigcwala kuqala, ngenxa yalesi sizathu izimpaphe eziyisi-6-7 zikhulu ngosayizi, ngokungafani nezinye. Kodwa abesilisa banazo zonke izimpaphe ezifanayo.
Usayizi
Ubulili bamatshwele bunqunywa kuye ngosayizi wazo. Imvamisa ibhalansi yokunemba okuphezulu isetshenziselwa le ndlela. Uma umuntu enesisindo esikhulu ngokwanele seminyaka yakhe, kusho ukuthi yi-cockerel. Uma isisindo sincane, lokhu kungowesifazane. Imvamisa umehluko wesisindo ungama-gramu ama-5.
Ungabutshela kanjani ubulili besikhukhukazi ngombala?
Ukuzimisela kobulili ngombala wezimpaphe kusetshenziselwa ikakhulu abantu abangahlanzekile:
- Izicathulo zokugijima... Cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-1, izici zobulili zinqunyiwe: i-beige ijwayelekile kwabesifazane, futhi imhlophe kwabesilisa;
- Izinhlobo zobungqingili... Izinkukhu zinemibala ye-monochromatic - grey, white, black, futhi abesilisa banemivimbo;
- IBrahmas... Izinsikazi zinemivimbo ehlukile ngemuva futhi zikhomba ekhanda. Abesilisa nabo banemivimbo namachashazi, kodwa bafiphele kancane;
- Izinhlobo zeRhode Island neNew Hampshire. Ngosuku lwesibili ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, amabala amnyama nemivimbo kungabonakala ekhanda labesifazane; abesilisa abanazo lezi zici;
- I-Adler silvery. Abesifazane banombala ophuzi, kuthi abesilisa banelamula abanomugqa omnyama emakhanda abo.
Indlela yaseJapan
Le ndlela yamachwane ocansi isetshenziswa emapulazini amaningi enkukhu. Ukunemba kwale ndlela kucishe kube ngama-95%. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenzisa le ndlela, udinga ukuba namakhono akhethekile.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuzimisela ngocansi usebenzisa le ndlela, kufanele uqonde ukwakheka kwezitho zangasese zamachwane bese uthola umehluko wazo.
Abesilisa bangehlukaniswa nabesifazane ngokuthola i-tubercle endunu, engekho ezinkukhu ezizayo:
- Okokuqala, i-cloaca yenkukhu ihlanzwa ngemikhondo yobulongwe;
- Okulandelayo, lowo muntu kufanele athathwe entendeni yesandla sakho, aphendulwe, futhi ahlukaniswe imilenze ukuze i-cloaca ibonakale kahle;
- Umgodi kufanele uqhutshwe phakathi, ngasikhathi sinye kufanele ucindezele esiswini. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhwabanisa, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwe-cloaca kuzobonakala ngokusobala.
Umehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwe-cloaca yabesifazane nabesilisa:
- Kwabesifazane, i-cloaca ibukeka njenge-nodule ecocekile ngaphandle kwama-bulges;
- Kwabesilisa, kuvame ukutholakala i-tubercle yesitho sangasese.
Ukugwema imiphumela emibi, le ndlela kufanele yenziwe kuphela ngumfuyi wezinkukhu onolwazi noma umlimi.
I-Reflex
kanjani ukwahlukanisa amatshwele ngocansi usebenzisa le ndlela? Le ndlela yokunquma ubulili yenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Thatha iphuphu ngesankahlu sentamo ubheke ngemuva kwemilenze isikhashana. Ngokuvamile izinkukhu zizama ukusonga imilenze, bese ugoqa amazipho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphakamisa izidladla kancane. Futhi ama-bettas, ngokuphambene nalokho, awaphenduki imilenze yawo, futhi awayihambisi, alengise endaweni elinganayo;
- Ngokuphambene nalokho, ungathatha intshontsho ngemilenze ubheke ngemuva kwesikhundla sekhanda. Izinkukhu zivame ukuphakamisa amakhanda azo phezulu, futhi amaqhude, esikhundleni salokho, alenga ngaphandle kokuhamba.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani iqhude enkukhu ngezwi?
Imvamisa le ndlela isetshenziswa ngabantu base-Orpington nabakwaCochin. Izwi labesilisa liyindawo emaholo kakhulu, efana no-quack. Kwabesifazane, kunalokho, izwi lithambile, ikakhulukazi bayancinza. Le ndlela ayikuvumeli ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi unqume ngokunembile izici zocansi zabantu ngabanye. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngabalimi bezinkukhu abanolwazi.
Ungayinquma kanjani iminyaka?
Imvamisa iminyaka yamaphuphu inqunywa yizimpaphe. Kungakuhle ukukhumbula izici zezimpaphe ngokuya ngeminyaka:
- Phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-12 ubudala, izimpaphe zivela endaweni yehlombe;
- Esikhathini esivela ezinsukwini eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-16, izimpaphe ziyavela esitshalweni nasebeleni;
- Ematshwele anamasonto amathathu ubudala, i-molt yokuqala iyabonwa, ngakho konke ukugeleza kwehla emsileni;
- Ekupheleni kwesonto lesihlanu, izimpaphe zokundiza ziyakhula, kuphume izimpaphe ngemuva komzimba;
- Emavikini ayisithupha ubudala, uphaphe lumboze ikhanda nomzimba ongezansi;
- Izimpaphe ezigcwele ziyabonakala lapho zinezinyanga ezintathu.
Izifo zezinkukhu
Izinkukhu, kanye namachwane ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, athinteka ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Izifo ezilandelayo zivame kakhulu:
- I-Avitominosis;
- Ubuthi;
- Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla;
- Salmonellosis;
- ICoccidosis;
- UTyphus nabanye abaningi.
Ukuze welaphe kahle izifo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakala ngezifo ezinkukhwini.
Uhudo ezinkukhu
Kungani ama-broilers ehlambalaza izinkukhu kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukukuthola. Ngezansi, ake sizame ukuthola nokuqonda zonke izizathu zalesi simo.
Uhudo olumhlophe kuma-broilers: kungalapheka?
Kaningi, izinkukhu ziba nesifo sohudo esimhlophe. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-pullorosis. Lesi sifo sivame ukuvela ngendlela ebabayo futhi sithinte masinyane amathumbu entekenteke enkukhu. Umenzeli walesi sifo yi-bacillus ebizwa nge-salmonella. Lesi sifo sivame ukusabalala ngezinga eliphezulu, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa cishe zonke izinyoni zingagula.
Ungaselapha kanjani isifo sohudo ezinkukhu? Ukuze uvimbele, udinga ukuhlanza igumbi kudoti, amagciwane konke. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola izinga lokushisa kwegumbi nomoya omncane.
Abantu ababuyiselwe bangaphansi kokubhujiswa. Inyama yezinyoni ezigulayo akufanele idliwe.
Uhudo oluphuzi kuma-broilers: kungani futhi ungalapha kanjani?
Lesi sifo sohudo singenzeka ngesikhathi sezifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi nokuthi ngabe izimo zokuboshwa azilandelwa yini. Kwesinye isikhathi ubulongwe obuphuzi bubonakala kwisifo seGumboro. Kulezi zimo, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa.
Ngaphandle kwalokho isifo sohudo esiphuzi singabangelwa yingcindezi, i-hypothermia, ngenxa yokuphakelwa kwekhwalithi engalungile. Kulezi zimo, amakhambi esintu asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kanti indawo inamagciwane.
Uhudo olunegazi ezinkukhu: uphawu luni lwezifo?
Uhudo olunegazi luvame ukwenzeka nge-coccidiosis. Lesi sifo siyingozi futhi siholela ekufeni kwayo yonke inyoni. Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yenhlanzeko embi, okungukuthi, ukuhlanza ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwegumbi. Lesi sifo sithinta amathumbu. Ngaphezu kohudo, kunezimo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla;
- Ukwehluleka ukusebenza, ukungasebenzi;
- Izimpaphe ezifakiwe;
- Ukungcola kwegazi namafinyila kuvela kochwepheshe.
Ungayelapha kanjani uma izinkukhu zinohudo olunegazi? Ukuze welashwe futhi uvinjelwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanze futhi ubulale amagciwane endaweni ngesikhathi esifanele, goma futhi unikeze amakhemikhali afanele.
Uhudo olukhanyayo onsundu ezinkukhwini zezinkukhu nokwelashwa kwalo
Ama-broiler anesifo sohudo esinsundu nge-eimeriosis. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ama-protozoa ama-parasitic ahlukahlukene anqwabelana emathunjini ezinkukhu noma izinkukhu. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukuvela ngokudla, okombhede ongcolile, i-gadfly.
Izimpawu zezifo:
- Abantu bahlala endaweni eyodwa ngamehlo avaliwe;
- Izimpaphe ezifakiwe;
- Izimpiko zilenga phansi;
- Ukuntula ukudla;
- Uhudo onsundu olune-mucus.
Lesi sifo sinqunywa ngesikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kangcono kusenesikhathi. Ukuze ukwelashwa kusetshenziswe izidakamizwa - coccidiostatics.
Izinkukhu ziphazamisa uhlaza
Uhudo oluhlaza lungenzeka ngesifo se-pasteurellosis. Kulokhu, kwenziwa izivivinyo, ukuhlaziywa. Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe, ukwelashwa okufanele kunqunyiwe.
Uma ingekho i-pasteurellosis, uhudo oluhlaza kungadala ukondliwa okuphelelwe yisikhathi kwekhwalithi embi. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-adsorbing agents (i-activated carbon). Ukuphakelwa okusolisayo kufanele kulahlwe futhi kunikezwe okuphakelayo okusezingeni eliphakeme kuphela.
Izikelemu
Imvamisa izinkukhu zithola isifo esingemnandi njenge-helminthiasis. Lesi simo siyingozi kakhulu, futhi cishe ezimweni ezingama-50%, uma singelashwa ngokushesha, siholela ekufeni. Izimpawu zezikelemu ezinkukhwini zikhathala kakhulu.
Ingozi enkulu yalesi sifo ukuthi ithinta bonke abantu egumbini elilodwa. Izikelemu zikhishwa kanye nodoti babantu abathintekile futhi, kanye nokudla, kungena emzimbeni wabantu abaphilile.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma izinkukhu zinezibungu? Ukuze usindise inani lezinyoni lonke, udinga ukutshala amatshwele athelelekile ngesikhathi, uhlanze igumbi, ususe konke okokulala futhi ubulale amagciwane kuyo yonke into. Abantu abanegciwane kufanele banikezwe imishanguzo ye-antihelminthic kanye nokudla okunomsoco. Imithi yezikelemu ezinkukhu kufanele inikezwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuvimbela izifo
Izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezahlukahlukene zezinkukhu zifaka phakathi izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlanza kanye nokubulala amagciwane ngesikhathi esifanele izisombululo ze-saline, i-caustic soda, i-bleach;
- Ukuhambisana nobuningi bemfuyo endlini yenkukhu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inani lamachwane egumbini elilodwa lilinganiswe;
- Ukuphakelwa kwekhwalithi ngokuqukethwe okunomsoco ophezulu;
- Kubalulekile ukuhlomisa ukungena komoya ekamelweni;
- Ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa wekamelo;
- Ukudayisa izinyoni ngezidakamizwa ezilwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo;
- Ukugoma ngesikhathi esifanele.
Izinkukhu ezizalisayo inqubo ekhathazayo edinga umthwalo omkhulu wemfanelo. Ukuze imfuyo iphile kahle, kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imithetho yokugcina. Isimo esiyinhloko sokukhula ngokugcwele nokukhula kwamachwane ukunakekelwa nokunakwa!
Manje usuyakwazi ukukhulisa izinkukhu ekhaya, ukuthi uzilapha kanjani izinkukhu, ukuthi wenzeni uma izinkukhu ziba nezikelemu, nokuthi ungalapha kanjani uhudo ezinkukhwini nasebekhulile. Landela zonke izincomo futhi uqaphele amachwane.
Nevidiyo yokuthi ungazondla kanjani izinkukhu: