Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, iningi lamatamatisi anezithelo ezinkulu lingezikhathi eziphakathi nendawo nezokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Kodwa-ke, usengathola isivuno sakuqala semidondoshiya yangempela ngokukhetha imbewu noma izithombo zeNkosi yasekuqaleni, uzofunda incazelo nezici zalokhu kuhlukahluka kusuka ku-athikili.
Incazelo kanye nezimpawu zeNkosi yamatamatisi kusenesikhathi
Kuze kube ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ngobuchwepheshe, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-85-90 kuphela kusukela lapho amahlumela evela ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo sohlobo oluchazayo olunokuphakama okungaba ngu-50-70 cm, amagatsha nesiqu esikhulu anamandla, ahlinzeka isihlahla ngokumelana phakathi nesikhathi sokuthela. Utamatisi osindayo efomini evuthiwe ufinyelela isisindo sama-gramu angama-300, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela ku-400 grams. Isimo setamatisi siyindilinga futhi siyicaba. Ngokuvamile, isihlahla sibukeka sijabulisa ubuhle: izithelo zombala obomvu ngokugqamile zibekwa ngamaqoqo ngokuqhuma okufushane, okuqinile. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-4.8-5.2 kg asuswa esihlahleni esisodwa. Kusuka kumgogodla onamanzi, amasosi nama-ketchups alungele ukunambitheka; iKing of the Early nayo isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha.
Inkosi yasekuqaleni iyinhlobonhlobo yetamatisi e-hybrid, ekhuliswe ngabalimi baseRussia (ababhaliswe ngo-2005), ehloselwe ukukhula emhlabathini ovulekile nangaphansi kokumbozwa.
Ukuba wohlobo olujwayelekile kukhombisa ukuzilawula kokukhula nokwakha igatsha. Lokhu kwenza ukugcinwa kwezitshalo kube lula.
Inkosi yokuqala ayidingi impova yezinambuzane, imbali ihlanganisa zombili izitho zabesilisa nabesifazane. Kepha abalimi abanolwazi baseluleka, ngemvula esindayo noma ngamazinga okushisa aphansi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuzamazamisa amagatsha ezihlahla (kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4).
Amanye amakhosi phakathi kwamatamatisi
Phakathi kwamanye utamatisi onezithelo ezinkulu, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zigqama: Inkosi Yamakhosi, INkosi Yezidlakela, INkosi Enkulu. Zihlukile ezinhlobonhlobo zeNkosi Yasekuqaleni, okokuqala, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa (maphakathi nesizini). Futhi eminye imingcele kunzima ukuyidida:
- ukuphakama kwehlathi kuphakeme kakhulu (1.6 m ngokwesilinganiso);
- isisindo se-fetal sifinyelela ku-500-800 amagremu nangaphezulu;
- isitshalo sidinga ukwakha isihlahla kanye ne-garter;
- ezinye izinhlobo (ngokwesibonelo, King of large) zinconyelwa ukukhula endaweni yokushisa noma ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela ifilimu.
Ukuze ungadidanisi i-King of the Early enhlobonhlobo namanye amatamatisi anezithelo ezinkulu, udinga ukuqondiswa lapho ukhetha imbewu yesikhathi esifushane sokukhula (izinsuku ezingama-85-90).
Ubuhle nobubi
Ukuhlukanisa kafushane utamatisi, ungazijwayeza izinzuzo zokuhlukahluka:
- Isikhathi esifushane sokukhula senza kube lula ukususa izithelo engadini kusuka ngoJuni (noma ngisho nangoMeyi ngokulima kokushisa);
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu akukhawuleli izindlela zokusebenzisa imifino;
- ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obungeyona inkimbinkimbi;
- ukuzivikela okuqinile kwezitshalo, amandla okumelana nokutheleleka kanye namagciwane;
- sibonga isikhumba esiminyene, izithelo zigcina ukwethula kwazo isikhathi eside, okubalulekile ukuthutha isivuno;
- umkhiqizo ophezulu.
Okubi kufaka phakathi isidingo sezinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokuvikela izifo kanye nezilokazane, kanye nokwethulwa ngendlela ehlelekile kokufaka umquba okudingekayo esikweni elithuthuka kakhulu. Enhlabathini eyindlala kuzakhamzimba, ngeke kwenzeke ukuvuna isivuno esihle.
Kutamatisi ovuthwe ngokweqile, isikhumba singaqhuma. Ukuqhekeka nakho kungakheka kuzungeze isiqu ngenxa yokushoda komswakama.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ukulungiswa kweziqukathi ezinenhlabathi
Izinkomishi zepulasitiki, iziqukathi zekhasethi, amabhokisi enkuni asetshenziswa njengeziqukathi. Kumele babe nezimbobo zokuhambisa amanzi phansi ukuze amanzi angami phansi ngesikhathi sokunisela.
Isitsha kufanele sigcwaliswe ngomxube olula womhlabathi, ofaka:
- inhlabathi evundile;
- isihlabathi;
- umhlanga;
- i-humus (umquba).
Ungasebenzisa futhi i-substrate yendawo yonke. Umhlabathi osetshenzisiwe kufanele ufudunyezwe kuhhavini noma uthelwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate sokukhipha igciwane.
Ukufika
Ukuhlwanyelwa kweNkosi yasekuqaleni kuhlelwe ngoMashi (kusukela ngosuku lwe-15). Uma izithombo zitshalwa kamuva endaweni yokugcina izithombo, izinsuku zihlehliselwa engxenyeni yesibili kaFebhuwari. Imbewu ethengwe kumthengisi ongaqinisekisiwe kufanele ibulawe amagciwane. Ukuze benze lokhu, bacwiliswa kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate imizuzu eyi-10.
Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa enhlabathini enomanzi. Kusuka phezulu, imbewu ifafazwe kancane ngomhlaba (0.8 mm). Ingilazi noma ifilimu ibekwa ngaphezulu kwesitsha. Kuleli fomu, isitsha sifakwe egumbini elifudumele lokuhluma (okungenani i-18 °). Ngezinsuku 5-8, izithombo zizovela, iziqukathi zihlelwa kabusha ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle lapho kungekho khona okusalungiswa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, baqala ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngokufafaza, ngaphandle kokuthinta ingxenye eluhlaza yamahlumela. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-2, izithombo ziyacwila.
Ukufakelwa kabusha utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Emhlabathini ovulekile, kuhlwanyelwa izithombo zeNkosi yasekuqaleni ukuthi zitshalwe ngoMeyi (endaweni yokugcina izithombo, usuku luguqulwa ngo-Ephreli). Kulesi simo, izithombo kufanele zifinyelele eminyakeni engama-60-65 yobudala.
Uhlelo lokutshala lusetshenziswa ngendlela ejwayelekile yezitshalo zohlobo oluchazayo. Isikhala phakathi kwezihlahla zilandelana singama-50-70 cm, isikhala somugqa singu-0.7-1 m. Uma othile ethola ukuthi le nketho imosha kakhulu, khona-ke indawo yemigodi ingahlelwa ebangeni elingu-45-55 cm ngezikhala ezilandelanayo ezingama-60 cm, kepha uhlelo olunjalo luzodinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela okukhulu: udinga ukucindezela kaningi, kanye nokufaka umanyolo.
Ukunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kufanele kube kuningi, kepha kungavamile. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kanye ngesonto kwanele.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-inflorescence, ukujwayela kukhuphuka kuze kube izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngeviki. Amanzi okunisela asetshenziswa ekamelweni lokushisa. Kungcono ukunisela izihlahla empandeni kusihlwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukukhula okunamandla kotamatisi kudinga ukondliwa njalo, okungenani kanye ezinsukwini eziyishumi. Inqubo yokuqala yenziwa emavikini amabili ngemuva kokutshala izithombo (ukumnika ama-mullein noma ubulembu bezinyoni). Ukondla okuphindaphindiwe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kokubili okungokwemvelo namaminerali. Ngokuvamile, i-nitrophosphate ikhethwa njengokudla (i-60 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi).
Ukuxega nokususa ukhula
Ezinsukwini eziyi-10 emva kokutshala, kwenziwa ukhula lokuqala, oluphindaphindiwe okungenani kabili ngaphezulu ngenkathi yokukhula. Ukuxega kwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuze unciphise ukukhula kokhula futhi wehlise inani lokususa ukhula, kunconywa ukuthi ukondle imibhede. Lolu ungqimba luzosiza ukuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingomi.
Ukwakhiwa kukaBush
Amasiko wokuzimisela awavami ukuba yingane, kepha lo mthetho awusebenzi eNkosini Yasekuqaleni. Amahlumela aqhamukayo amagatsha esikhathi esizayo kumele alawulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo esisabalalayo ngeke sidonse isivuno esisindayo. Futhi izithelo ngeke zikhulu. Lapho amabhulashi okuqala evuthwa, amaqabunga aphansi kakhulu asikwa kancane. Uma kuqashelwa ukungakhuli kahle kwesihlahla, amaqanda kufanele futhi enziwe ajwayelekile, asuse izimbali eziningi.
Lapho unakekela utamatisi, akufanele uphinde amaphutha abanye abalimi. Phakathi kwalokhu okuvela njalo:
- ukungagcini isikhawu phakathi kwezimbobo ngesikhathi sokutshala (imibhede ejiyile ivame ukuvezwa ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane futhi yakhe indawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta);
- ukwephulwa kombuso wokunisela (ukwakheka kwezithelo kwakhiwa, ukuphuphuma kuvela emaqabungeni);
- umbala ongalingani wezithelo onamabala aluhlaza naphaphathekile (ukuntuleka kwe-potassium enhlabathini);
- ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kweziqongo nokwakheka okuncane kwamaqanda (ukwanda komanyolo we-nitrogen).
Yize isiko libhekwa njengaphansi, amagatsha angagoba aze aphule ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo ezinesisindo. Ngakho-ke, i-garter kufanele yenziwe esiteji sokuqala se-fruiting.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Inkosi yasekuqaleni inamasosha omzimba aqinile, kepha ukuvikela ezifweni nasezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso wamahora wasemini, ukuchelela nokwethulwa kokugqokwa. Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokwelashwa kokuvikela okwandisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ekuthuthukiseni ukhunta.
Ngokwanda komswakama wenhlabathi nomoya, lesi sitshalo sichayeka ezifweni ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta kanye namagciwane: okulimaza sekwedlule isikhathi, ukubola okumpunga nokumhlophe, ukubola kwezimpande, njll. Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, kuyadingeka ukucubungula isiko kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo alandelayo:
- Inzuzo yeGolide;
- ingxube ye-bordeaux;
- Abiga Peak;
- I-Fitoverm nezinye izindlela.
Kubalulekile futhi ukulawula ukhula, okwandisa umswakama, ukudala ukufiphaza nokuheha izinambuzane.
Okuyingozi kakhulu kutamatisi yilawa: i-whitefly, izibungu zesicabucabu nama-slugs. Njengesilinganiso sokuvikela, imibhede ifafazwa ngomlotha wokhuni, ufuthwe ngomuthi womhlonyane noma ukumnika amakhoba anyanisi. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezinjalo kufanele ziguqulwe lapho kutholakala izimuncagazi noma imikhiqizo yazo yokwenziwa komzimba. Phakathi kokuthandwa kakhulu:
- Aktara;
- I-Actellik;
- I-Fitoverm;
- Iskra-Bio nabanye.
Kungenzeka ukuthi utshale utamatisi onezithelo ezinkulu kusayithi lakho uma ulandela yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Indima enkulu kubuchwepheshe bezolimo idlalwa yizinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulinyazwa kwezitshalo ngezifo nezinambuzane.