Iningi labantu liyawathanda amajikijolo, wonke umuntu onendawo yakhe uyayitshala. Ama-Raspberries akhula ezindaweni zombili eziseningizimu nasenyakatho.
Isikhathi lapho isitshalo sithela izithelo sifushane - inani eliphakeme livela ngoJuni-Julayi.
Kulesi sihloko, silungiselele imininingwane incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zokusajingijolo "Polana" nezinye izeluleko zokutshala nokunakekela yena.
Izici ezahlukahlukene, isivuno
Okusajingijolo Polana kungokwezinhlobo ezintsha... Yazalwa ngabalimi basePoland ngokuwela izinhlobo ezimbili - iZeva neGugu.
ERussia, ithathe izimpande kahle. Amajikijolo aphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu obukhulu, isisindo siyahlukahluka phakathi kwama-3-5 amagremu. Umbala yi-lilac.
Ngokusho kwabalimi, ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kumuncu... Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, amajikijolo amnandi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kokuvuthwa, ukunambitheka kuyancipha, ngoba azikho izinsuku eziningi ezinelanga.
Okusajingijolo kwePoland kwehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngoba iqala ukuthela izithelo kusenesikhathi. Ukukhiqiza kungenye yezinzuzo zalokhu kuhlukahluka. Kuvunwa kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ama-4 amajikijolo esihlahleni esisodwa.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siqala ekupheleni kukaJulayi futhi iphela maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, amajikijolo atholakala ehlathini phezulu.
Uma bekukhona ukukhanya okuhle, khona-ke ama-80% amajikijolo azoba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ngezithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kunconywa ukuthi umboze amahlathi ebusuku ngokukhanya, kepha okuqinile. Isikhathi siyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sezulu.
Amajikijolo agcinwa isikhathi eside futhi ayakubekezelela ukuhamba kahle, ngenxa yalokho amajikijolo ahlala emisha emakethe.
IPolana inamahlumela anamandla angenameva. Kumsuka, ubukhulu bamahlumela bufinyelela kumasentimitha ama-4. Ubude bufinyelela ku-1.6 - 1.8 wamamitha ukuphakama. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, bangaphatha isisindo esisindayo samajikijolo ngaphandle kokuxhaswa.
Amaqabunga ashintshana ne- petiole. Banamaqabunga amathathu kuye kwayi-7. Umbala wamaqabunga unombala oluhlaza ngensomi ngenhla nomhlophe ngezansi.
Isimo sezulu esikahle esikhulayo - maphakathi ningizimu-ntshonalanga... Yize ama-raspberries ekwazi ukubekezelela kalula amakhaza asebusika, akunconywa ukuthi akhule ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Inhlabathi ingumhlaba omnyama nesihlabathi esijiyile.
Ososayensi babiza izinhlobonhlobo zokusajingijolo ngenxa yamavila, ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Lesi sitshalo sinokuqina okuhle kwasebusika, singamelana namazinga okushisa aze afike ku -32 degrees.
Incazelo yezinzuzo nobubi
Izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene:
- ukumelana kohlelo lwempande neqhwa;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukuvuthwa okusheshayo;
- isikhathi eside sokuthela izithelo;
- ukuzinza kwamajikijolo avuthiwe - musa ukudilika esihlahleni;
- ukuthuthwa lula;
- ukukhiqizwa okungeyona inkimbinkimbi;
- ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo.
Okubi kokuhlukahluka:
- ukumelana nobuthakathaka kwamahlumela nesithwathwa;
- ikhono lokoma;
- ukukhula kwezimpande.
Izici zokutshala ama-raspberries
Ukuze ama-raspberries alethe isivuno esihle, udinga ukunakekela ukulingana okufanele... Kukholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo asihloniphi, kepha kusanconywa ukulandela imithetho elula ukuze kutholakale isivuno esihle.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo yilesi ukuwa sekwephuzile.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo, njengezinye ezifanayo, ayidingi ukukhetha ngokucophelela kwenhlabathi, kepha lesi sitshalo sizokhululeka ngokwengeziwe emhlabathini ongenayo i-sod-podzolic non-acidic. Ukuchuma kwenhlabathi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuneni okuzayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-raspberry zikaPolana zithanda umswakama, kepha amanzi amile aholela ekufeni kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukutshala izithombo ukuze amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aphakame ngamamitha ayi-1.5.
Futhi indawo okufika kuyo idinga ukuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla... Lapho ukhetha izithombo, qiniseka ukuthi izimpande azilimazi futhi zomile.
Ukuze uvuselele izimpande, faka isithombo sokusajingijolo esitsheni samanzi amahora ambalwa. Lapho uhambisa izimpande zesitshalo, kunconywa ukusisonga ngendwangu.
Imithetho nezigaba
Izigaba ezijwayelekile zokutshala izithombo:
- Bamba imisele ngokujula nobubanzi bamasentimitha angama-50. Ubude bususelwa enanini lezithombo. Kubalwa ngokususelwa ekutheni ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo liyimitha elingu-0.8-1 komunye nomunye.
- Gcwalisa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomgodi ngomanyolo oxutshwe nongqimba oluvundile lomhlabathi.
- Sabalalisa ngokucophelela izimpande zesithombo bese ubeka maphakathi nomgodi. Ngaphambi kokuba lezi zimpande zidingeke ukuthi zibekwe kwisisombululo sobumba.
- Vala izimbobo ngomhlabathi, shiya ikhola yezimpande engamasentimitha ama-3-5 ngaphezulu komhlaba.
- Nisela izithombo ezitshaliwe, yithukulule inhlabathi bese umboza ngomsele Thatha i-peat noma umquba njenge-mulch.
Izithombo ze-raspberry zitshalwa emigodini noma emseleni. Ukufika emseleni:
- hlanza inhlabathi emhlabathini nakudoti;
- beka ifilimu phakathi kwemigqa;
- faka izikhonkwane lapho udinga ukudonsa khona izintambo;
- beka umanyolo ezansi nomsele;
- tshala izithombo ngemisele ebangeni lamamitha komunye nomunye;
- vala ngomhlaba bese uthele amanzi amancane.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-raspberry emigodini:
- bamba izimbobo ngamasentimitha angama-35 ukujula nobubanzi;
- hlanganisa umanyolo nenhlabathi bese ugcwalisa izimbobo;
- yenza uthango ngasemngceleni wesihlahla se-raspberry;
- hlola ngokucophelela izithombo bese ususa umonakalo;
- tshala izithombo kude no-0.8-1 wamamitha;
- nisela izithombo kahle;
- mulch inhlabathi.
Bonke abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi uma utshala ama-raspberries, iPolan ayinconywa ukuthi isebenzise umanyolo wamaminerali nge-nitrogen, ngoba ngenxa yalowo manyolo inhlabathi izokhiqiza i-oxidize.
IPolana ithanda umhlaba wama-limestone... Uma ingekho i-lime eyanele enhlabathini, kuzofakwa ulayini wokufakelwa izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngonyaka.
Izimfihlo zokunakekelwa okufanele kwezihlahla
Ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula kuyadingeka ukuthambisa inhlabathi, kepha hhayi ukugcwala izitshalo... Uma kunesomiso, kuyadingeka ukunisela ama-raspberries njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, kucatshangelwa amabhakede ama-2-3 amanzi ehlathini ngalinye.
Ekwindla kunconywa ukondla izitshalo umquba noma umquba. Isihlahla esisodwa sokusajingijolo sidinga ibhakede elilodwa.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ama-raspberries ayondliwa mullein omusha noma indle yezinyoni. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zehlobo, kunconywa ukuthi ukhukhule umhlabathi ukuze ukhulule umhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuvunwa kwesivuno, kuyadingeka ukusika ngokuphelele izihlahlana. Ukuvimbela ama-raspberries ekulahlekelweni yizakhiwo zawo, kunconywa shiya amahlumela ngaphezulu komhlaba angadluli amasentimitha ayi-8.
Ngemuva kokuthenwa okunjalo, ama-raspberries kulula ukubekezelela amakhaza asebusika. Njalo ngonyaka ngo-Ephreli, udinga ukusika izihlahla ezibandayo nezomisiwe.
Izitshalo azidingi ukumbozwa ebusika. - ikhava yemvelo yeqhwa izokwanela.
Udinga ukusika izihlahla ngokuqala kweqhwa lokuqala. Uma wenza lokhu ngaphambili, khona-ke izitshalo ngeke zithole izakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo ezimpandeni.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamajikijolo:
- amahlumela aluhlaza - indlela ethandwa kakhulu;
- izimpande zokusika - isetshenziswa uma kungekho amahlumela aluhlaza okwanele. Kubhekwa njengokusebenza kakhulu;
- imbewu - ngale ndlela, ikhiqiza ngokwemvelo ngokwemvelo, le nqubo ayisetshenziswa ezingadini.
Izifo nezinambuzane zikaPolana
Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kwamajikijolo ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane... Kepha kunezifo eziningana okufanele zesatshwe.
I-Botrytis noma ukubola okumpunga
Lesi yisifo sefungal, ebonakala ngokuvela kwamabala amnyama emaqabungeni namajikijolo. Ngesikhathi sokugula, amajikijolo aqala ukubola futhi ambozwe nge-grey fluff, ngenxa yalokho, ama-raspberries ayafa.
Ukuze unqobe lesi sifo, udinga ukususa amajikijolo amadala, amaqabunga kanye namagatsha, ngemuva kwalokho kunconywa ukuwashisa.
Ukuze lesi sifo singalimazi, kuyadingeka ukucubungula izithombo. Entwasahlobo, fafaza ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid.
Futhi udinga ukucubungula ngemuva kokuvuna... Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka ngemuva kokwelashwa, kuzodingeka ukuthi zonke izithombo zibhujiswe.
Ubuningi noma ukukhula ngokweqile
Abantu babiza lesi sifo ngokuthi "Umshanelo Womthakathi"... Ama-causative agents yizinambuzane ezithwala amagciwane ahlukahlukene. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngeziqu ezincane ezingakhiphi izitshalo.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo, Kunconywa ukubhubhisa ukugxila kwalesi sifo - ukukhipha nokushisa izithombo ezithintekile.
I-Anthracnose
I-agent ebangela lesi sifo i-fungus. Lesi sifo sithathwa njengesivame kakhulu futhi siyingozi kakhulu. Izithombo ezithintekile ziyeke ukuthela izithelo... Amabala ampunga afinyelela kumamilimitha amathathu ngosayizi amboze amaqabunga esitshalo.
Ukunqoba lesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukuqeda ama-causative agents wesifo - amajikijolo, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela. Ngentwasahlobo kunconywa ukuthi ufafaze nge-oxychloride yethusi.
Isikhathi sokuqala lapho kudingeka khona ukuthi ufafaze ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwehlumela, okwesibili ngemuva kokuqhakaza, bese okwesithathu ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kufuthwe okwesibili.
Wonke umuntu ophethe amajikijolo asePolana, azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngekhwalithi ephezulu yesitshalo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizoba inketho enhle kakhulu yokuthengisa izithelo nokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu.
Kusuka endaweni eyodwa iPolana ingathwala izithelo ezingafika kuma-kilogram angamakhulu amabili ngonyaka wokuqala wokulima.