Wonke umuntu osebenza engadini uyaqonda ukuthi ngemuva kokuthola izithelo, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla yokuqala, izihlahla zezithelo zidinga ukuphumula, ukuthenwa nokululama kobusika obuzayo. Ukubasiza bathole amandla okuvuna esikhathini esizayo kungumsebenzi wabantu, kepha udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu nokuthi nini okungcono ukufaka isicelo samapulamu enhlabathini ekwindla, ukuze ungalimazi izitshalo zasengadini.
Kungani iplamu ekwindla ukugqoka
Izithelo zezihlahla ngqo zincike ekunakekelweni okufanele nasekondleni. Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, umuthi usuphelile, unikeza wonke amandla awo ekuvuneni, ngakho-ke ukudla kwasekwindla kudingekile ngokuphelele futhi iyisihluthulelo sokuvuna ngonyaka ozayo. IPlum ayihlukile kumthetho ojwayelekile, futhi idinga izakhamzimba eziningi ezibalulekile.
Cishe zonke izihlahlana zezithelo zakha amahlumela ezimbali ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna, okuzoveza izithelo ngesizini ezayo.
Ehlathini ubusika kahle, igcinwe amehlo amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, udinga ukwengeza isethi yezinto ezidingekayo ekwindla. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, ungaphuza ukondla entwasahlobo - isihlahla ngeke siphile ebusika futhi singalahlekelwa amanye amagatsha athela izithelo.
Isikhathi sokufaka umquba ekwindla
Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle sokufaka umanyolo, futhi imiphi? Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma iplamu itshalwe ngokulandela yonke imithetho nezinto ezidingekayo zafakwa ngesikhathi sokutshala, iminyaka emithathu yokuqala isithombo esincane asikho isidingo sokondla.
Uma isihlahla sesivele sithela izithelo, khona-ke udinga ukufaka umanyolo Njalo ngonyaka... Konke okulethwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla kufakwa emigodini eseduze nesiqu, ngasendaweni engamamitha ayi-1.5, futhi nxazonke zezithombo ezisencane - eringini, zisuka esiqwini esingu-15-25 cm.
Ukuze uhlelo lwempande lube nesikhathi sokuhlanganisa zonke izinto eziwusizo, kuyadingeka ukondla inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ungayondla kanjani i-plums ekwindla
Umanyolo wemvelo
Ama-plum ezithelo kanye nezithombo ezincane esezifinyelele eminyakeni emithathu kufanele kuqala zinikezwe inani elanele likamanyolo wezinto eziphilayo - umquba obolile, umquba... Zinomphumela ozuzisayo kukho kokubili ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nesihlahla uqobo:
- nondla uhlelo lwempande kahle, ubuyisele amandla alo;
- ube nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni;
- ukusiza ukwandisa isivuno;
- ukuvimbela ukumuncwa kwenhlabathi, ukugcina isakhiwo "siphila" futhi sikhululekile.
Umquba omusha awunakusetshenziswa ekwindla, futhi ukubola (i-humus) kusatshalaliswa kuzungeze isiqu ngokuya ngesisekelo 7-8kg / 1sq.m, inhlabathi kukhululwe ngo-15-20 cm... Umquba wezingulube kanye nezinkukhu zezinkukhu kungcono ukubekelwa eceleni kuze kufike intwasahlobo, njengoba ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen.
Kaningi kunconywa ukufaka i-urea endaweni efanayo ne-humus - engekho ngaphezu kwama-20 g, ngoba umquba obolile ulahlekelwa yi-nitrogen eningi.
Izinkuni umlotha
Umlotha ojwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ovela ekushiseni kwezihlahla ezinqabayo, utshani umanyolo wezamaminerali oshibhile kakhulu.
Umlotha wezinkuni uqukethe izinto eziyi-17 zokulandela umkhondo ezicebisa inhlabathi futhi zondle izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlotha ubeka ibhalansi ye-asidi esimweni esifanele, futhi ama-plums athanda kakhulu inhlabathi ene-alikhali.
Imitha elilodwa lesikwele lanele 250g umlotha... Ukwehlisa i-asidi, futhi wandise kakhulu isivuno se-plums, ukwethulwa kwengxube kuzosiza - ibhakede elilodwa le-humus + 1 ingilazi ye-fluff (lime) ngokulinganayo isabalalise isihlahla, yithukulule inhlabathi namanzi.
I-potassium-phosphorus
I-potassium iyadingeka eplamu ngaphambi nje kobusika, kusukela ikhuthaza ukukhishwa ketshezi, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ukumelana nesithwathwa. Kuningi kuwo emqubeni onombhede wotshani obolile; ungasetshenziswa futhi ngendlela yawo emsulwa, ehlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-30g nge-1 sq.m.
I-plum phosphorus kumele ibe nesikhathi sokuqongelela ngokwanele kuze kufike isivuno esilandelayo, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ekwindla. Le nto yokulandela umkhondo kuqinisa uhlelo lwempande futhi ikhuthaza ukuqoqwa koshukela namaprotheni esiphundu sesihlahla. Ngenxa yalokhu, kudla amathambo - 50g / 1sq.m.
Ama-Superphosphates
Le manyolo aqukethe izinto eziningana eziwusizo ezidingeka kuma-plums ekwindla: i-phosphorus, i-potassium, isibabule, i-calcium, inani elamukelekayo le-nitrogen... Zibuye zilungele ngoba zichitheka kalula emanzini futhi zethulwa njengokugqoka okuphezulu ketshezi: thela 250-300 g ngamalitha ayi-10, engeza ngesilinganiso sika-60 g / 1 sq.m. Umthamo we-superphosphate uhhafu.
Kanye nomanyolo we-phosphate ungasetshenziswa i-potassium magnesium - 100-120g yesihlahla ngasinye. I-Potassium ne-magnesium zifaka isandla ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kwamahlumela amancane nezithelo. Ukushoda kwezinto kukhonjiswa umbala obomvu nsundu wamaqabunga eplamu.
Isihlahla sidinga i-calcium ukuze ithuthukise futhi ikhule uhlelo lwayo lwempande. Umanyolo we-superphosphate uqukethe inani elanele lawo. Emhlabathini one-asidi, ungasetshenziswa njengokudla okuzimele, ngoba kunomthelela ekuqongeleleni okulinganiselayo kwensimbi nama-manganese emhlabathini - imithombo eyinhloko yenqubo ye-oxidation.
I-calcium sulfate, i-nitrate noma i-chloride ihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngenani lama-25g / 10l. Ngendlela, uma usebenzise i-lime ukukhipha inhlabathi emanzini, khona-ke lokhu kuzokwanela (ngemuva kwakho konke, i-lime i-calcium carbonate).
Ukuvikela iplamu ekungenweni yizikhunta nezinye izifo, udinga ukuyondla insimbi... Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar kuzosebenza kakhulu - udinga nje ukuyifafaza ngesisombululo se-sulfate ene-ferrous.
Ufulawa weDolomite
Ufulawa weDolomite wengezwa ndawonye ne-fluff lime noma umlotha. Uyaphila kunciphisa i-asidi yenhlabathi, inikeza i-calcium ne-magnesium eningi.
I-supersaturation enomanyolo wamaminerali iphazamisa kabi ukukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthela izithelo kwezihlahla nezitshalo ze-horticultural, kanye nokushoda kwazo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inani elidingekayo kuphela lalabo omanyolo abadingeka ngqo engadini yakho.
Isimo sesihlahla sizokutshela ukuthi sidingani. Izinto eziphilayo kuphela ezingangeniswa ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane ekwindla, kanti ezinye - kancane kancane, ngendlela yokugqoka isikhathi esisodwa. Izingxenye ezintathu zifakwa ngaphansi kwama-plums amadala, kanye nomquba noma i-humus. Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululwe kahle futhi uniselwe kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla iyahlanganiswa.
Ngemuva kwalokhu kulungiswa, izihlahla zakho zizovikeleka ebusika futhi zizokhiqiza isivuno esihle ngonyaka ozayo.