Phambilini, izilimo zamagilebhisi zazitshalwa ukuze kwenziwe iwayini elimnandi kusuka kulokho okutholwayo. Ngale njongo, iziza zatshalwa ngezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezobuchwepheshe ezithela ujusi omningi. Namuhla, abalimi abaningi bewayini bazama ukukhetha izitshalo ezinambitheka enhle nesethulo esihle kakhulu ukuze badle amajikijolo amnandi futhi bahlobise amatafula okudlela ngamaqoqo amahle. Esinye sezibonelo ezinjalo yisiko lamagilebhisi laseBaikonur.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi eBaikonur
Lesi sitshalo sithandwa kakhulu ngoba sikhiqiza isivuno esihle kakhulu, sinezinto ezizuzisayo zempilo yomuntu nokunambitheka okumnandi.
Amagilebhisi avela kwimizamo yomfuyi uPavlovsky E.G., ohlanganise izinhlobo zeTalisman neKrasotka zaba into eyodwa. IBaikonur yathatha kubo ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezingazinzile, ikhono elihle kakhulu lokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezintsha.
Isiko lokumelana nesithwathwa likhula kahle futhi lilethe ezifundeni ezisenkabeni yeRussia, likhula nasesifundeni saseMoscow.
Izindwangu ezikhangayo zihlukanisa iBaikonur nezinye izitshalo zamagilebhisi. Amajikijolo ayindilinga akha amaqoqo amakhulu, afinyelela isisindo amagremu angamakhulu amahlanu.
IHybrid isho ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amajikijolo okuqala angasuswa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Kusukela ngomzuzu wokwakheka kwamapheshana kuze kuphele ukuvuthwa, isiko alidingi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwekhulu neshumi.
Izici zamajikijolo
Zibhekwa njengesibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sezinhlobonhlobo. Ijikijolo ngalinye lifinyelela kubude 4 cm, isisindo esimaphakathi siphakathi kwamagremu ayishumi nantathu nanhlanu. Umumo uthi ukunweba, ukhombe ngasethiphu. Kungenxa yokubonakala kwamajikijolo ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukudideka nezinye.
Ngokwencazelo, umthunzi wamajikijolo usukela kokumnyama okububende kuye ku-cherry lilac. Isikhumba esimnyama simbozwe ngengubo emhlophe ecishe ibe mnyama.
Inyama eminyene ishwabana kancane ngenkathi iluma, inephunga eliyingqayizivele nokunambitheka kwezithelo, kuvumelana kahle nokumangalisa kwezithelo zomvini. Amajikijolo anamanzi amaningi futhi amnandi futhi aqukethe cishe amaphesenti angamashumi amabili kashukela.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo eziphambili zalesi siko lamagilebhisi yilezi:
- usayizi wamajikijolo nokunambitheka kwabo, ubuhle bangaphandle;
- ijubane lokuguga;
- kungenzeka isitoreji eside nokuthuthwa okuhle kakhulu;
- impova ezimele, evumela ukwakheka kwezithelo kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu;
- isikhumba esinyene sivimbela amajikijolo ekuqhekekeni kusuka kumswakama okweqile;
- izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nezifo zesikhunta, azithinteki yi-powdery isikhutha nokubola, iminyovu iyandizela;
- izihlahla bekezelela isithwathwa phansi -23 degrees, kepha noma kunjalo kufanele zimbozwe ebusika;
- isivuno singatshalwa hhayi ukusetshenziselwa okwakho kuphela, kodwa futhi nangezinjongo zokuthengisa.
I-hybrid isha sha, azikho izimfanelo ezimbi ezikhonjwe.
Kuze kube manje, abalimi banesifiso esisodwa kuphela - ukuqeda imbewu esezithelweni.
Ukufika
Amasiko akhula kahle ezindaweni lapho ilanga elanele futhi akukho okusalungiswa... Ngakho-ke, kufanele itshalwe ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Lesi sitshalo asinazo izidingo ezikhethekile zokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Kepha okuncamelayo kufanele kunikezwe ama-chernozems akhanyayo. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele abe ekujuleni kwamamitha ama-2 - 2.5 ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Uhlelo lokutshala lubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Ukuze izihlahla zingabikanani, kufanele zitshalwe ngezikhathi zamamitha amathathu, zithathe okungenani imigqa emine yokuhlukaniswa kwemigqa.
Ungaqala ukutshala ngesikhathi kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi bese uqhubeka ngaphambi kwenkathi yehlobo... Isikhathi ngasinye ngasinye kuzodingeka ukhethe okokutshala.
Izithombo ezivunwa ekwindla kufanele zitshalwe ngoMashi; ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, ukubeka kungenziwa. Futhi ukutshala izithombo eziluhlaza, kuzodingeka ulinde ukuqala kokushisa okuzinzile.
Isihlahla samagilebhisi sitshalwe ngezigaba eziningana:
- umgodi wokufika uyalungiswa emasontweni ambalwa. Ukujula kwayo kufanele kube kwenele ukwenza inani elikhulu likamanyolo - okungenani amasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili... I-Humus ithululelwa kuyo, ixutshwe nenhlabathi evundile. Ingxube kumele inikezwe isikhathi ukuze ihlale kahle. Ngaphezulu kwesendlalelo somanyolo, kuthululwa inhlabathi ejwayelekile;
- Kunconywa ukuthenga isithombo. Uma sekukhona isihlahla seBaikonur esizeni sakho, ukusika kungatshalwa embizeni yezimbali ejwayelekile ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwempande. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande kufanele zifakwe emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa;
- lapho utshala, isithombo siyajula entanyeni yezimpande... Umgodi ugcwaliswa kancane kancane ukuze kungabi namakhushini omoya ahlala enhlabathini;
- ukutshala kuphela ngokunisela okuningi - okungenani amabhakede amathathu. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe ngosawoti noma ubulembu.
Ukunakekelwa kwemivini emincane futhi evuthiwe
Entwasahlobo isitshalo siniselwa nsuku zonkekuze kuqale isikhathi sokuqhakaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lamanzi kufanele lenyuswe ngesikhathi amajikijolo akha. Qinisekisa ukugubha inhlabathi ukuze umswakama uhlale isikhathi eside.
Njalo ngonyaka, ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, kufakwa umanyolo wamaminerali kusuka kulawo asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Lapho usika, kufanele shiya amagatsha amade... Ama-cuttings angalungiswa kusuka kumahlumela asikiwe. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sasebusika, isitshalo kufanele indawo yokuhlalaukuvikela esimweni sezulu esibandayo.
Ukufafaza okuvimbela izifo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha
I-Baikonur ingasakazwa ngezindlela ezintathu:
- iziqu... Le nketho elula ilungele ukufika kokuqala. Isithombo esimisiwe sithela izithelo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine;
- ukusika... Isiko lokuhlukahluka lixhunywe kwiziphunzi zezihlahla ezindala ezinokhuni oluphilile nohlelo lwempande oluqinile. Ihlumela liqala ukuthola zonke izakhi ezivela esitshalweni esidala, ngokushesha lithola amandla futhi likhule. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izisekelo zokuzalisa futhi uhlanganise ngempumelelo izinhlobo ukuze zizwane kahle;
- ukubeka... Amahlumela amade agobele ebusweni benhlabathi, aqiniswa ngezihlilingi, afafazwa ngenhlabathi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unisele kakhulu le ndawo ukuze izimpande ziqale ukuqandusela. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuhlukaniswa kuyanqunywa esitshalweni esidala kuphendulwe isihlahla esizimele. Ngenkathi uhlelo lwempande lungakakhulumi kakhulu, isihlahla sitshalwe kabusha endaweni entsha.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Imivini yamagilebhisi imelana nezifo, amajikijolo awo avikeleke ngokwethembeka kuminyovu. Kepha njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela esigabeni sokuqala sonyaka okhulayo, ngeke kube ngaphezu kokucubungula isitshalo.
Lapho ufihle isikhathi sasebusika, qaphela amagundane bese uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokubethusa.
Amagilebhisi anezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zabathengi ezizokhanga abalimi. IBaikonur inesici esisodwa kuphela esingathandeki neze - isikhathi sesivivinyo esifushane... Kepha uma kugcinwa zonke izimo zokunakekelwa, kutholakala isivuno esihle samajikijolo.