Izinhlobonhlobo zekhukhamba iNizhyn zathola igama lazo edolobheni lase-Ukraine iNizhyn. Umlando wezinhlobonhlobo uqala maphakathi nekhulu le-18. Lawa ukhukhamba ayethandwa eRussia yaseTsarist naseYurophu. Abashiyi nabalimi bangesikhathi esingenandaba.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Nezhinsky
Maphakathi nesizini, izinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi. Iqala ukuletha isivuno Izinsuku ezingama-45-65 ngemuva kokuhluma... Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza iziswebhu ezinde, ezingafika kumamitha amabili ubude, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlukahluka akufanelekile kuvulandi. Uhlobo lwezimbali - luxubekile.
Izithelo zichazwa njengezinambitheka enhle kakhulu.
Ukhukhamba unwebe nge-ovoid ngesimo, ikhasi liminyene, liluhlaza ngameva amnyama. Usayizi wezithelo - 10 cm ngobukhulu obungu-100 g.
Ngokuya ngezici, ukulima kungenzeka Kokubili kokushisa nokusemhlabathini ongavikelekile... Kodwa-ke, inketho yesibili iyathandeka ngenxa yesidingo sokuvotela impova yemvelo.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ikhukhamba Nezhinsky inenani elikhulu labalandeli phakathi kwabalimi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziye zaziswa futhi zakhula iminyaka eminingi.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo kukhona:
- kuhle kakhulu ukunambitheka nokubukeka
- indawo yonke. Ingasetshenziswa kokubili okusha nokulondolozwa;
- ubude bezithelo;
- ibekezelela ngokuthula izinguquko zokushisa, ilungele inhlabathi engavikelekile;
- ukumelana nezifo eziningi;
- ibekezelela ezokuthutha kahle;
- engathobekile ekulimeni.
Ububi balezi zinhlobonhlobo bungabangelwa ukuncika kwayo ekupholiseni izinyosi.
Izidingo zenhlabathi zokutshala
Ukuthola isivuno esikhulu, kubalulekile lungisa inhlabathi kahle bese ukhetha indawo enhle yokutshala ukhukhamba. Kunconywa ukuletha umquba omusha emhlabathini kusukela ekwindla. Izandulela ezinhle zamakhukhamba ngutamatisi, amazambane kanye neklabishi. Kepha ngemuva kwamakhabe nemithanga, ukhukhamba uzokhula kabi.
Enhlabathini enzima yobumba, kunzima ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwempande lwamakhukhamba. Kepha lokhu kungalungiswa ngokungeza i-humus. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi idinga bamba bese ususa lonke ukhula.
Enhlabathini evundile, umquba ungasetshenziswa ngenyanga ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yekhukhamba kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili - izithombo futhi ngqo emhlabathini... Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yesibili isetshenziswa kaningi.
Ukutshala enhlabathini, imbewu ifakwa kuqala futhi iphathwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate sokukhipha amagciwane. Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini efudumele (hhayi ngaphambi kuka-May) ekujuleni okungu-2.5 cm.
Shiya okungenani 30 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa 50-60 cm... Ngemuva kwalokho umbhede umbozwe nge-agrofibre, ezovikela izithombo ekubandeni, nenhlabathi ekumeni.
Nisela njengoba kudingeka, kanye noma kabili ngesonto.
Lapho kukhula imbewu ngezithombo, isitshalo ngasinye sitshalwa esitsheni esihlukile. Iqiniso ngukuthi izimpande zezinhlobo zamathanga zibucayi kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi ungazilimazi lapho utshala kabusha. Kulula ukusebenzisa izinkomishi ezikhethekile ze-peat kulokhu.
Izithombo zidinga ukubekwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle futhi efudumele... Ngokukhanya okunganele, amahlumela azobuthakathaka futhi ahlangane. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo kufanele "ziqiniswe" isonto lonke. Izitshalo zikhishelwa ngaphandle, kuqala emini, zandise isikhathi, bese ebusuku. Imvamisa awudingi ukunisela izithombo.
Ukunakekelwa kwekhukhamba ngemuva kokutshala
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, ukhukhamba ungafakwa ngamanyolo wamaminerali aqukethe i-nitrogen, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus. Yiphathe esimweni sezulu esishisayo esibalele Akunconyiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokuthela, ungafafaza izitshalo ngesisombululo (amalitha ayi-10):
- 50 g urea
- 2 g boric acid
- 3 g potassium permanganate
- 2 g we-sulfate yethusi.
Umanyolo wemvelo ungasetshenziswa, njenge:
- isixazululo sesinkwa nemvubelo;
- umlotha wesithando somlilo;
- Isixazululo somquba;
- ukumnika ukhula.
Ukunisela izitshalo kungcono zonke izinsuku ngamanzi afudumele ohlelweni lwempande... Isikhathi esihle sokunisela kusihlwa. Uhlelo lokunisela ngenkasa lwezitshalo luhle kakhulu.
Unganiseli emaqabungeni - lokhu kungaholela ekonakaleni.
Udinga inhlabathi njalo susa ukhula futhi uthukululeama-hilling bushes.
Uma indawo enamakhukhamba yayimbozwe ngomquba, asikho isidingo sokuxegisa nokufaka intaba.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili okuqala, udinga ukufaka i-trellis uhlelo lokusekela... Ngokukhula kwesitshalo, imivimbo izodinga ukulungiswa kwizisekeli.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile lokushiya lifike ngesikhathi ukuvuna... Ukhukhamba okhule wanciphisa isitshalo. Futhi ngokususwa kwezithelo njalo, ama-ovari amasha akha ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Ukhukhamba wezinhlobonhlobo ze-Nezhinsky unayo ukumelana okukhulu nezifo zefungal... Kepha kusalula ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwezitshalo kunokulwa ukulondoloza isivuno kamuva.
Iphuzu elibalulekile lokuvikela kuzoba yi-garter yeziswebhu nokususwa kwamaqabunga aphansi. Lezi zinyathelo ziyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukuxhumana kwamaqabunga nomhlabathi, okungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwefungal kwamakhukhamba.
Kusuka kwisifo esivamile sezitshalo eziningi isikhutha esiyimpuphu ungasusa le ndlela elandelayo. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, fafaza isitshalo ngesixazululo selitha elilodwa le-mullein kanye no-20 gramu we-urea (inani likhonjiswa ngamalitha ayi-10).
Isifo sesitshalo esilandelayo esithandwa kakhulu ukulimala kwe-aphid... Kusukela kulezi zinambuzane ezincane, kodwa eziyingozi zamaqabunga, iresiphi yabantu evela ekufakweni kwesepha ngokhuni lomlotha kuzosiza.
Ngemuva kwemvula ende, ungafafaza izitshalo ngama-fungicides.
Imithetho yokuvuna nokugcina
Izinhlobo ze-Nezhinsky zingezinhlobo zaphakathi nonyaka, isivuno sinjalo kaJulayi-Agasti... Khetha ukhukhamba wanoma yiluphi uhlobo ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ngesikhathi somsebenzi omncane welanga. Uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokuqoqa njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Amakhukhamba aqoqelwe ukugcinwa kufanele asuswe ngokushesha emthunzini. Akudingekile ukuwageza ukuze ungalimazi ungqimba lokuvikela lwemvelo. Kungcono ukushiya isiqu.
Ngokugcina ngempumelelo nangesikhathi eside, udinga kuqala khetha kahle imifino. Kufanele badwengulwe engadini kuphela, bome futhi bangalimazi.
Esiqandisini, ngaphandle kokulungiselela okukhethekile, egumbini lemifino, amakhukhamba azogcinwa kufika ezinsukwini ezi-3... Ukuvuselelwa kungagcinwa kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-10 uma ukhukhamba efakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki futhi embozwe nge-gauze emanzi. Musa ukubopha iphakethe. Ukhukhamba uzolala kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-14 uma imifino ngayinye isongwe nge-napkin bese igoqwa ndawonye esikhwameni.
Ukhukhamba kufanele kugcinwe ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0 degrees... Ukhukhamba awugcinwa ngezithelo ezikhipha i-ethylene (ama-apula, utamatisi, ubhanana, njll.)
Ikhukhamba i-Nezhinsky iyinhlobonhlobo emangalisayo, engathobekile, ehlolwe isikhathi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Amakhukhamba amnandi, amnandi, anephunga elimnandi angumhlobiso omuhle wetafula lasehlobo. Futhi ekheniweni, lokhu kuhluka kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu.