I-Dogwood ayitholakali kaningi endaweni yethu. Kepha njengoba lesi sitshalo sinezindawo eziwusizo ezingenakuqhathaniswa, kufanelekile ukucabanga ukuthi ungaqala kanjani ukusikhulisa ekotishi lasehlobo.
Ukutshala i-dogwood nokunakekelwa okulandelayo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphelele, engenziwa ngisho nangensimu engumsunguli osemusha... Lesi sihlahlana asithobeki, futhi ngasikhathi sinye sinamajikijolo amnandi.
Izinsuku zokuvuthwa kwe-dogwood esifundeni saseMoscow, eKrasnodar Territory nase-Ukraine
UKizil uthanda isimo sezulu esifudumele seCaucasus neTranscaucasia, lapho ikhula khona emahlathini asezintabeni, emaphethelweni enelanga, nakumahlathi ezinye izihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhula endaweni yase-Ukraine, eCrimea, eYurophu Ephakathi nasemaZansi, kanye nase-Western Asia. Ensimini yaseRussia, i-dogwood itshalwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene - isifunda saseMoscow, iKrasnodar Territory nezinye izifunda.
Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwe-dogwood ejwayelekile kwehla ngoMashi, futhi ukuphela - ngo-Ephreli. Izithelo zivuthwa eduze nasekwindla, kuya ngesifunda sokukhula. Lapho izithelo zivuthiwe, ziqala ukuwa ehlathini. Ukuvuthwa kwesithelo se-dogwood kunganqunywa ngokunambitha.Kuvunwa minyaka yonke ngoSepthemba nezimpande ekupheleni kukaNovemba.
Ukugcinwa kwamajikijolo isikhathi eside ekhaya, ayanqunywa lapho eqala ukuvuthwa. Izithelo zifakwa kubhasikidi abancane lapho zivuthwa khona, bese igcinwa ezingeni lokushisa elingu-0 - +2 C.
Kuhle, ukunambitha okumnandi nokumuncu ngephunga elithile, izithelo ze-dogwood zivame ukudliwa zisanda kutsha, nabomama abanesipiliyoni bayashesha ukuthenga i-dogwood ukwenza okokugcina okuhle, amajeli, ujamu, ujusi, ama-compotes, ama-marmalade, noma bagcwalise izithelo ngoshukela nesitolo. Futhi, amajikijolo angasindiswa ngokubanda.
Ngendlela yayo eluhlaza, amajikijolo e-dogwood agcinwa esiqandisini (esikhwameni sepulasitiki esinezimbobo) izinsuku ezingekho ngaphezulu kwezingu-12.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinhlamvu ze-dogwood ekhaya
I-Dogwood ingasakazwa kusetshenziswa ithambo, i.e. uyihlume. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha amajikijolo avuthiwe, ukhulule ithambo kuginindela uwafake emabhokisini anomswakama omanzi noma ubulembu unyaka owodwa, ugcina njalo indawo emanzi. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlunga imbewu ngaphambi kokuyitshala. Imbewu yalesi sitshalo ayihlukanisiwe ngama-cotyledon. Mayelana nalokhu, kufanele ibekwe emhlabathini ingabi ngaphansi kuka-3 cm. Imbewu engahlanjululwanga ihluma kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, kanti hhayi yonke... Imbewu ehlwanyelwayo iyamila ngonyaka ezihlwanyelwe ngayo.
Kulula ukunakekela imbewu: ukuchelela, ukondla, ekuqaleni kokukhula, ukufiphaza elangeni elishisayo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo zikhula zifike ku-3-4 cm, ngasekupheleni kowesibili - kuze kufike ku-10-15 cm... Amajikijolo e-dogwood akhule imbewu avunwa eminyakeni eyi-7-10 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela.
Izici ezahlukahlukene ze-cornel, njengazo zonke izitshalo zezithelo, zigcinwa ngesikhathi sokusakazeka kwemifino. I-Dogwood ingasatshalaliswa ngokuxhunyelelwa, ukusikwa okuluhlaza nokufakwa kabusha. Indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu - ukuzala ngokuhluma, izinga lokusinda kwamehlo liyi-92-97%
Ungatshala nini i-dogwood ezindaweni ezihlukene zaseRussia?
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izihlahlana ngaphandle ezifundeni eziseningizimu ekwindla. Akunzima ukuthola isikhathi sokutshala i-dogwood - lapho nje amaqabunga e-poplar eqala ukuwa... Kunconywa ukutshala lesi sitshalo ekwindla, ngoba ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo kubalulekile ukusitshala ngesikhathi esifushane: phakathi nesikhathi lapho umhlabathi ufudumala nesikhathi lapho amahlumela esihlahla eqala ukuqhakaza khona.
Esikhathini sekwindla, i-dogwood itshalwa kungakadluli phakathi kwaphakathi kuka-Okthoba, amasonto ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa... Izihlahlana ezinamanzi amaningi futhi ezinisela amanzi ziyakwazi ukumila izimpande, zibekezelele kahle ubusika futhi ziqale ukukhula ngokushesha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Izinzuzo nobubi bokutshala ekwindla
Ukutshala ekwindla kunezinzuzo eziningana:
- Izithombo zeCornelian ezitshalwe ekwindla ukuphatha ukuphulukisa izimpande ezonakele ebusika futhi wakhe izimpande ezintsha zokudonsa entwasahlobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo esincane siyakwazi ukumelana nesomiso sokuqala sentwasahlobo nomoya owomile owaziwa yizifunda eziseningizimu ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
- Kuzuzisa kakhulu ukuthenga i-dogwood ekwindla... Abalimi bengadi bathengisa izinto ezisanda kumbiwa zokutshala, okuholela ekukhetheni okukhulu kwemikhiqizo ngamanani aphansi.
- Ukutshala ekwindla kuyinkinga kancane... Kwanele ukwenza ukuchelela okukodwa kuphela, futhi imvelo izokwenza wonke umsebenzi yodwa. Isimo sezulu esinemvula ekwindla sinikeza i-dogwood umswakama nenduduzo edingekayo.
- Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukonga isikhathi... Ukutshala ekwindla kwezithombo ze-dogwood kukhulula isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla komunye umsebenzi, okuba kakhulu kakhulu ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo.
Ukutshala ekwindla nakho kunezinkinga ezithile.:
- Isithwathwa esinamandla singonakalisa izitshalo ezisakhula... Ebusika, kunemimoya enamandla, ukuwa kweqhwa nezinye izinkinga zezulu ezingaphula izihlahla ezincane nezihlahlana.
- Amagundane ayingozi ezihlahleniukondla izithombo ekwindla nasebusika.
Kwesinye isikhathi amajikijolo asanda kukhiwa e-cornel ane-pericarp atshalwa ngo-Agasti. Ukuhluma kuleli cala kungama-70-80% ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1.5 kusukela ngosuku lokuhlwanyela.
Imithetho ebalulekile lapho utshala i-dogwood
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, kufanele kulandelwe imithetho ethile:
- Ukutshala i-dogwood, okungcono endaweni enomthunzi, phakathi kwezihlahla. Ngakho-ke, ungagcina indawo yensimu futhi uxazulule inkinga yokusebenzisa izindawo ezinokukhanya okuncane esizeni.
- Lapho ukhetha isayithi kufanele kubhekwe nokubekwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlabanjengoba uhlelo lwempande ye-dogwood luphuma lube sezingeni elingu-1 m kusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
- Okwezithelo ezinhle Kunconywa ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalomina, ngoba ziyaqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye.
- Lapho utshala isihlahla i-humus, umquba, umanyolo wamaminerali awusetshenziswa... Konke okudingayo umhlaba namanzi.
Ngezansi kunencazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokutshala i-dogwood engadini.
Ungayilungisa kanjani isithombo?
Lapho uthola imbewu, kufanele ugxile empandeni: uma inamandla amakhulu, isitshalo sizokhula ngokushesha. Izimpande ezibuthakathaka, ezibuthakathaka, ezizacile ezinezimpawu ezisobala zokuba buhlungu kufanele ziphathwe ngokukhathazeka. Udinga ukuthenga izithombo ezinamandla ngamagatsha empande ama-2-3 okungenani ama-30 cm ubude... Amagxolo esiqwini kufanele aphelele namagatsha aqinile.
Ukuqinisekisa ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwesitshalo osithandayo, udinga ukusika kancane amagxolo. Uma imbobo iluhlaza - kusho ukuthi ukukhetha kulungile, uma nsundu - kuzofanele uqhubeke nokufuna i-dogwood efanelekayo.
I-rhizome yesithombo kufanele ifakwe kahle. Endabeni yokuhamba isikhathi eside, isongwa ngento enomswakama bese ibekwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki. Uma izimpande zomile ngesikhathi sokuhamba, kufanele zifakwe emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala.... Uma ngemuva kokuthenga kungenzeki ukutshala isithombo masinyane, siyangezwa ngokudonsela phansi endaweni engesihle. Kubalulekile lapha ukuthi inhlabathi imboze zonke izimpande kanye nohhafu wembewu. Isitshalo esinisela kakhulu kuleli fomu singagcinwa inyanga.
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala engadini noma ekotishi
Iyiphi indawo efaneleke kakhulu ezweni yokutshala i-dogwood? Noma yiliphi isiza lilungele i-dogwood engathobeki. Ukuvuna isivuno esihle, inhlabathi kufanele ivutshelwe, ikhishwe, ibe manzi ne-alkaline..
Ukuze uvivinye ubumuncu bomhlabathi, udinga ukuconsa amaconsi ama-2 eviniga emhlabeni omncane. Endaweni ene-alkaline, kuvela amabhamuza amancane, akhombisa inani elidingekayo likalamula.
I-Dogwood ayimili emhlabathini onamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kugwenywe ubumba nezindawo ezingakhanyisiwe kahle. Eminyakeni yokuqala engu-5 yokukhula kwalesi sihlahla, umthunzi oyingxenye uphelele.... Ngemuva kwalokho i-dogwood ingafakwa endaweni eyanele engadini. Ukonga isikhala, kuyalulekwa ukuthi utshale isihlahlana phakathi kwezihlahla ezindala, okuzothi, ngomthunzi wazo, kuvikele impande yaso ekumeni. I-Dogwood ihambisana nesitshalo ngasinye sezithelo, okuwukuphela kwento edonswayo iyinathi.
Incazelo yenqubo yokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla
Ukuze utshale i-dogwood ngendlela efanele, kufanele ulandele lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokutshala, isitshalo kufanele sihlolisiswe futhi futhi thena amagatsha aphukile nezimpande ezilimele... Ngemuva kwalokho kuhle ukucubungula zonke izimpande ngomshini wobumba olungiselelwe. Lapho utshala ekwindla, amahlamvu kufanele asuswe ngokucophelela ku-dogwood.
- Ikhefu lesithombo kufanele likwamukele kalula i-rhizome. Kufanelekile umgodi u-30 - 50 cm ukujula.
- Ngemuva kokumba umgodi kuwo ukushayela esigxotsheni, lapho uzodinga khona ukubopha isitshalo.
- Beka cishe amatshe ayi-15 cm phansi komgodi noma ubumba olunwetshiwe. Uma inhlabathi iyindlala, ipayipi limbozwa yingxenye yesithathu yenhlabathi enamaqabunga.
- ICornel ithanda inhlabathi enothe nge potassium. Ungayinothisa ngomcako.ixubene ne-substrate ngesilinganiso esingu-150 g kuya ku-1 mg.
- Lapho ufaka isithombo emgodini, izimpande zaso kufanele zisatshalaliswe ngokucophelela, futhi ikhola yezimpande ingaphansi kwenhlabathi engu-2 - 3 cm.
- Ukulala ulele imbobo, udinga ukubuka ukuthi ama-void awaveli ezimpandeni. Ukugwema lokhu okutshaliwe kufanele kunyathelwe phansi futhi kuniselwe kahleb.
- Isihlahlana nakanjani semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla cishe 10 - 15 cm... Le nqubo iyadingeka ukuze izimpande ezibekwe phezulu zingomi. Ukwenza lokhu, ungasebenzisa izinaliti zikaphayini, sawdust, utshani noma hay.
- Izinsuku eziyi-7 emva kokutshala ihlumela eliseduze ne-dogwood kufanele lihlanganiswe futhi liniselwe futhi.
Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla kungumzuzu obalulekile wesivuno esihle
I-Dogwood ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Into esemqoka ukuyinisela njalo unyaka owodwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ukunisela kwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamanzi endaweni, kubalulekile ukwenza umsele ozungeze isithombo.
Ngonyaka wokuqala okhulayo, udinga ukubona isimo samaqabunga. Uma ziqala ukoma nokusonga, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isitshalo asinamswakama owanele. Futhi iminyaka emithathu yokuqala, abalimi badinga ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka kwenhlabathi eseduze ne-dogwood... Ukhula olukhula ebangeni elingu-1 m kusuka kulesi sitshalo kufanele lilahlwe.
Ukuqinisekisa ukushintshaniswa komoya okuphucukile kwesendlalelo lapho izimpande zesitshalo zikhona, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ukhulule inhlabathi ngokujula okungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, i-shrub ivundiswa kaningana unyaka wonke. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngenkathi ekhulayo, i-dogwood idinga izithako ze-nitrogen-phosphorus, futhi ngesikhathi sekwindla - i-potash.
Abanye abalimi bathula ama-humus nomquba, noma unyaka nonyaka ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo bathela amanzi ngomswani wenkukhu ngaphansi kwezitshalo ngesilinganiso esingu-10: 1... Abanye benza umanyolo kusuka ku-0.03 kg we-ammonium nitrate kanye nebhakede elilodwa le-humus. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, u-0.5 litre womlotha wokhuni uthelwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo somuntu omdala. Futhi ekupheleni kokuvuna, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwengeza u-0.1 kg we-superphosphates. Kodwa-ke, umcako ubonwa njengomanyolo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yakhe, i-potassium ikhona emhlabathini, okuthinta inani elizayo lezithelo.
Lapho unakekela i-dogwood, ukulima okuvamile kubalulekile.... Kwenziwa minyaka yonke okungenani ama-6-7 times, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iminyaka ingakanani kanye nokuzala kwesihlahla. Baqala ukucubungula entwasahlobo, bese beqeda ekwindla, ngemuva kokuqoqa zonke izithelo. Isigaba sokugcina sokuxegisa inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo ukugcwala kwaso.
Ungatshala kanjani i-dogwood ejwayelekile?
Uma kunesidingo sokutshala kabusha isitshalo ususe kwesinye isayithi uye kwesinye, inqubo yokuzala ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla iyasetshenziswa.
Unyaka owodwa, le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile. Lesi sitshalo sisuswa emhlabathini futhi sikhululwe emagatsheni amadala. Impande ihlanzwa ngenhlabathi, kanti isihlahlana sinqunywa sibe izingxenye eziningana... Izimpande ziyasikwa, amahlumela amadala ayasuswa. Ngemuva kwalokho izingxenye ezithile zitshalwa emigodini elungisiwe.
I-dogwood ejwayelekile iyisibindi eside. Ingakhiqiza isivuno esikhulu iminyaka eyikhulu... Ngakho-ke, uma utshala i-dogwood, iyojabulisa isizukulwane esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngamajikijolo aso amnandi futhi anempilo.