Ngaphezu kokunambitheka kwayo, ipheya lidume ngezindawo zalo ezizuzisayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zepheya iVeles ziyehluka kwezinye izinhlobo zezithelo zayo ezimnandi kanye nokunakekelwa kalula.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Ake siqale ngokuchazwa kokuhlukahluka. I-Pear Veles ingumphumela wokuwela izinhlobo zeLesnaya Krasavitsa neVenus, igama lesibili lalezo zinhlobonhlobo ngu "Daughter Excellent". Sisebenzele ukuzalanisa uhlobo olusha olusha iNV. Efimova futhi Yu.A. IPetrov. UVeles washeshe waba nesithakazelo kubalimi abaningi, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Smooth, ngesikhumba esincane, umumo omuhle wezithelo, Ipheya lakwaVeles linokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu... Izithelo zimnandi, ziyinyama, zinamanzi amaningi, zinephunga elimnandi.
Izithelo zamapheya zishintsha umbala, izithelo zemibala eluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo phakathi nehlobo, zishintshe zibe eziphuzi eduze kuka-Agasti. Uhlangothi lwepheya, lapho imisebe yelanga iwela kulo, luthola amathoni abomvu asawolintshi, bese uhlangothi emthunzini luhlala luhlaza. Ngenxa yemethamorphoses enjalo, Izithelo zamapheya zibukeka zihle kakhulu futhi zingavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zikhulu, zinesimo sethoshi, ingxenye encane yepheya iphezulu, iyindingilizi ezansi. Ipheya elilodwa lingaba nesisindo esingafika kumagremu angama-200!
IVeles pear ingeyezinhlobo zasekwindla. Isihlahla siqhakaza entwasahlobo, sinama-inflorescence amhlophe anephunga elimnandi. Izithelo zenziwa ehlobo, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Ukuvuthwa kwepheya kungabonakala kalula ngombala wesithelo. Lapho nje ipheya liqala ukujika liphuzi, izithelo zivuthwe ngokuphelele. Ukuvuthwa nakho kunganqunywa ubungako bepheya - uma izithelo ziqinile kuthintwa, izithelo zithatha isikhathi eside ukuvuthwa.
Ungakhetha izithelo ezivuthiwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, kepha ... Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya zigcinwa kahle esimweni esivuniwe kuze kube sebusika. Futhi uma udinga ukugcina izithelo kuze kufike isimo sezulu esibandayo, kufanelekile ukuqoqa ipheya, uma liqinile, susa ngokucophelela izithelo esihlahleni ngaphandle kokuzilimaza. Izithelo ezonakalisiwe (eziwile noma ezinamazinyo esikhunjeni) zibola ngokushesha futhi azikulungele ukugcinwa.
Ukuze izithelo zamapheya zigcinwe kuze kufike intwasahlobo, kungcono ukuzifaka ebhokisini, futhi isithelo ngasinye kufanele sisongwe ephephandabeni... Ngakho-ke, ipheya lingagcinwa endaweni epholile izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Isihlahla uqobo lwaso singaphezu kwamamitha ama-4-5 ukuphakama nesiqu esijiyile nesansundu. Amagatsha ayakhasa, agobile, okujiya okulingene, ompunga ngokunsundu ngombala. Ikhasi lamaqabunga esihlahla somuntu omdala liluhlaza okotshani, amaqabunga amancane anombala oluhlaza ngokukhanyayo.
Ipheya liqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni engu-5-7 ngemuva kokutshala, kepha ... Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izithelo zivele seziyiminyaka engu-2-3, yize ngonyaka wokuqala kungafanele ulindele isivuno esiningi.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinhlobonhlobo zinokubukeka okuhle, okwenza zikhange ukudayiswa. Lesi sihlahla siphinde simelane nezifo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, singesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo nesimo sezulu esibi. Isivuno siletha minyaka yonke, asidingi "ukuphumula", ngaphandle kwalokho, inani lezithelo landa minyaka yonke.
Enye yezinzuzo zepheya iVeles izakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo. Izithelo ziqukethe amavithamini amaningi nezinto ezincane: amavithamini PP, A, B1, B2, C. Izithelo ziqukethe ne-calcium, i-magnesium, i-iron ne-zinc.
Kepha izinhlobonhlobo zinezinkinga ezithile, isibonelo, ngokuvunwa okuningi, izithelo ziba ezincane ngosayizi... Lokhu kungalungiswa kalula ngokusika izihlahla njalo. Ukubanda kwezinso nakho kubonakala ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isikhunta se-Powdery - izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo ukwakheka kokuqhakaza okumhlophe okuncane kuma-inflorescence, amahlumela namaqabunga, okugcina kuguquka kube nsundu kushiye amachashazi amnyama. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nale nkinga ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela neSkor noma iTopazi. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kungcono ukusebenzisa iHom, kepha ngemuva kokuvuna, kufanelekile ukufafaza isihlahla nge-sulfate yethusi.
Izithelo zokubola zivame ukubonakala ezithelweni njengezindawo ezinsundu, maqondana nalokhu, ingqikithi yesithelo iba nsundu. Izithelo ziyabola futhi zingakulungeli ukudliwa. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, isihlahla singelashwa ngoHom, futhi ngemuva kokuqhakaza, faka u-Oxykh.
Imvamisa ipheya lichayeka ekushisweni amagciwane, amaqabunga esihlahla aphenduka amnyama, kuthi amahlumela wonyaka ayoma. Ungalwa nalesi sifo ngesisombululo se-copper sulfate noma i-Hom. Kubalulekile futhi ukusika amaqabunga nezihlumela ezinegciwane bese ukushisa.
Ukuqhekeka kwamagxolo kuyingozi nje naphakathi kwepheya, isiqu esiqhekekile senza kube lula kakhulu ezinambuzaneni nakwezinye izifo. Isixazululo se-lime esivamile sizovikela isihlahla emifantwini yomqhele.
Ngaphezu kwezifo, ipheya "liheha" izinambuzane eziningi. Phakathi kwabo, i-hawthorn ivelele, edla ama-ovari, ama-inflorescence namaqabunga esihlahla, futhi iyakwazi nokudla amagatsha amancane. Ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela, udinga ukufafaza isihlahla ngeKarbofos noma i-Entobacterin.
ICopperhead yisinambuzane esidala ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga. Ziyagoqana bese ziyawa. Iphinda idle izimbali namaqabunga esihlahla. Ungayilwa ngesisombululo se-Vermitic noma se-Hom.
Ibhu lenza ukuthi izithelo ziwe zibole. Udinga ukubhekana nayo nezidakamizwa i-Apollo noma i-Vermitic.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, kufanelekile ukuzama izindlela zendabuko. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, kuhle ukusebenzisa ukumnika i-garlic kanye nama-dandelions ukulwa nezinambuzane entwasahlobo. Isixazululo esijwayelekile sensipho yokuwasha siyasiza futhi.
Ukufika
Ukukhetha indawo nesikhathi sokugibela
Lapho ukhetha indawo ongatshala kuyo ipheya, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ipheya liyisitshalo se-thermophilic, ngakho-ke kufanele litshalwe endaweni ekhanyayo, hhayi kuphela ukukhula kwesihlahla okuxhomeke kulokhu, kepha futhi nezinga likashukela kokuqukethwe izithelo. Futhi, ungatshali ipheya ezindaweni ezivulekile, imimoya ithinta kabi ukukhula kwesihlahla. Kungcono ukutshala ipheya eduze kwendlu, lapho lizoba khona nelanga elanele.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokutshala, izinhlobonhlobo zeVeles zingatshalwa kokubili ebusika nasekwindla. Ukutshala entwasahlobo kuvikela isihlahla kumagundane, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sasehlobo izimpande zizokhula eduze kwesihlahla, futhi kuzoba sebusika kangcono. Kodwa-ke, lapho utshala amapheya entwasahlobo, umgodi udinga ukulungiswa ekwindla. Phela isihlahla esitshalwe emgodini omusha sihlushwa wukuncipha komhlaba.
Ekwindla, ukutshala ipheya kungcono kakhulu maphakathi noma ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Kufanele futhi ulungiselele imigodi kusengaphambili ukuze ipheya libe nesikhathi sokugxila endaweni entsha futhi lingabulawa yiqhwa.
Umhlabathi
Ipheya likhula kahle cishe kuyo yonke inhlabathi, alesabi inhlabathi yobumba nenhlabathi enenani eliphansi likamanyolo. Kepha ngokukhula nokukhiqiza, kungcono ukhethe inhlabathi evundile.
kodwa ungatshali isihlahla enhlabathini eyixhaphozilapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba elele eduze kwezimpande. Kusukela kumswakama owedlulele, impande yesihlahla iyahlupheka futhi ingaphansi kwezifo.
Ukutshala i-pear Veles
Ukukhula kwepheya, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto zokutshala ezifanele.
Kungcono ukukhetha isigaxa esiphakathi kweminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala.
Uma uthenga, udinga ukunaka hhayi kuphela ukubonakala kwesihlahla, amagatsha awo akufanele aphulwe, alimale imifantu nezifo. Amahlamvu kufanele abe nombala oluhlaza okwemvelo, futhi imithambo kufanele ibonakale ngaphansi kweqabunga, okusho ukuthi isihlahla sinempilo futhi sinakekelwe kahle enkulisa. Futhi, uhlelo lwempande akufanele lonakaliswe, izimpande azibonisi izimpawu zesifo, nsundu noma mpunga.
Lapho utshala isithombo, udinga ukulungisa kahle umgodi. Ubukhulu baso buxhomeke ohlelweni lwempande lwesithombo, kepha futhi akufanelekile ukwenza umgodi ojulile futhi omkhulu, ungamane usike izimpande. Isimbiwe ingadluli kwengxenye yemitha ukujula. Ipeat noma umquba ubekwa phansi, inhlanganisela ixubene nomhlabathi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanelekile ukwehlisa amahhashi omuthi esixazululweni se-potassium permanganate sokukhipha igciwane.
Manje kuthelwa ibhakede lamanzi emgodini ukuze umhlaba uzinze kancane. Ukuze isihlahla sikhule ngokulingana futhi singagobi eceleni, ungafaka ngokushesha isiqu esincane sokhuni emgodini. Ngemuva kwalokho, isithombo sifakwa emgodini ukuze ikhola lempande libe ngu-8-10 cm ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombo singaboshelwa ekusikeni, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unisela umuthi ngamabhakede ama-2-3 wamanzi afudumele. Ukunisela okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka esihlahleni ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4. Umhlabathi ozungeze ukusika kufanele uhlanganiswe notshani noma amaqabunga, ngakho-ke inhlabathi izogcina umswakama isikhathi eside.
Ipheya likaVeles ligxila ngokushesha ezindaweni ezintsha, akesabi ukufakelwa. Ngokutshalwa okulungile kwesihlahla, emasontweni ambalwa kuzoqala amaqabunga amasha (uma ukutshala kwenziwe entwasahlobo), okusho ukuthi umuthi omncane usunezimpande endaweni entsha futhi ulungele ukukhula.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kubalulekile hhayi kuphela esitsheni esincane, kodwa futhi nakumuthi omdala. Ngemuva kokutshala, umhlabathi ozungeze isithombo kufanele uniselwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto. Amabhakede ama-2 wamanzi afudumele kufanele anele ukukhula.
Lesi sitshalo sesikhulile, ikakhulukazi lapho siqala ukuthela izithelo, sidinga nokuniselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuchitha umuthi kahle entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Nisela isonto ngalinye ngamanzi amancane. Ukuchelela okuphelele kwesibili kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezithelo, kungalesi sikhathi lapho ipheya lidinga umswakama.
Akudingekile ukuthi kuchichime umuthi, uhlelo lwempande lwepeyari lukhula ngokwanele ukuze umuthi uzondle ngomswakamo wodwa.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokunisela isihlahla:
Okokuqala, ngosizo lwezindlela ezijikelezayo, i.e. indlela yemvula. Amanzi azokondla umhlaba ngethonsi. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela yokunisela, amanzi afika azungeze isihlahla, ngakho-ke kuzoba nokhula oluningi nxazonke.
Okwesibili, ungamba umsele omncane ozungeze isiqu somuthi bese uthela amanzi kuwo ngobumnene.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Amapheya anikezwa izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Ukugqoka kokuqala kusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-nitrate, i-carbimide, noma i-urea.
Ukudla kwesibili kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza... Kuhle ukufaka umanyolo okuthiwa "luhlaza". Kumbiwe umsele omncane ozungeze isihlahla, lapho kufakwa khona udoti wokudla, utshani, amaqabunga nomquba. Kulesi sisindo, ukutholakala kwenhlabathi kuyimpoqo.
Umanyolo "oluhlaza" ufakwa emseleni bese ufihlwa emhlabathini. Kakade ngamakhaza, ingxube izobola, futhi ipheya lizothola ukondliwa okwengeziwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesithathu kusetshenziswa maphakathi no-Septhemba, kungcono ukondla umuthi ngamanyolo wamaminerali, i-sawdust noma umlotha. Kodwa ukwethulwa kwe-nitrogen ebusika akuvunyelwe nakancane.
Ukuthena
Ukuthena kwepheya kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amagatsha athola ukukhanya ukuze akhule. Ngokokuqala ngqa iminyaka emibili, isihlahla esincane asidingi ukuthena, sakha amagatsha kuphela, ngakho-ke ukuthena ngokweqile kuzonciphisa ukukhula kwepheya.
Kepha kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokukhula, ipheya lidinga ukuthenwa, okungenziwa ngommese obukhali noma ngokuthena. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusika amagatsha akhula ngama-engeli afanele. Izithelo azivamile ukuvela emagatsheni anjalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, zivimba ukukhanya kwamahlumela akhula kancane. Amagatsha akhula nge-engela yama-degree angama-60-70 asele, amelana nezithelo ezinzima ekwindla.
Amagatsha asele ancishisiwe ngengxenye yesithathu yobude. Igatsha eliphakathi nalo liyanqunywa, kepha ukuphakama kwalo kufanele kudlule ukuphakama kwamanye amahlumela ngo-20-30 cm.Ngonyaka we-4, amahlumela amancane nawo ayanqunywa.
Futhi, noma ngabe unyaka wokukhula kwesihlahla kwenziwa kanjani, ukuthenwa kwendle, i.e. amagatsha aphukile, omisiwe anqunywa. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, uma igatsha lingenwe yizifo noma izinambuzane, ungalindi kuze kube sekwindla. Udinga ukusika ngokushesha ukuze isihlahla sonke singatheleleki.
Ngokusika amagatsha, ungashiya isiphunzi esincane esiqwini somuthi.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
IVeles pear isinda ngokuphelele ebusika obubandayo. Kepha ukulungiselela isihlahla ebusika kusivikela emazingeni okushisa aphansi nasezinambuzane ezifukamela izimpande noma amagxolo esihlahla.
Ekwindla, kufanele uqoqe zonke izithelo esihlahleni. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuqoqa amahlamvu azungeze isiqu bese umba emhlabathini. Le nqubo iyadingeka ukuze izimpande zithole umoya-mpilo omningi nokususa izinambuzane.
Futhi, isiqu sesihlahla kanye nesisekelo samagatsha amakhulu kufanele ziphathwe ngesixazululo sikashoki kanye nomcako.
IVeles pear ingukutholwa kwangempela kwabalimi. Akukona nje ukuthi lokhu kuhlukahluka kunezithelo ezinhle nezinkulu, kepha akukho ngaphansi kunambitha kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Izithelo ezimnandi, ezinoshukela nezinyama zivuthwa eduze nasekwindla, bahlale esihlahleni isikhathi eside, futhi ngendlela edwenguliwe bagcina ukunambitheka isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kuyamelana nesimo sezulu esibandayo, izifo nezinambuzane.