Cishe zonke izidleke zezilwane zinezinto ezinjengokugcwala kwezinyosi. Ukubhebhetheka yinqubo yokuzala yemvelo yekoloni lezinyosi futhi ukubaphoqa ukuthi bangenzi lokhu kufana nokuvimbela abesifazane ukuthi bangabi nezingane. Ukuze ikwazi ukuvumela abafuyi bezinyosi, kufanele igcinwe ilawulwa. Ukuxwayisa ngesikhathi esifanele nomsebenzi olungile wokulawula inqubo ngeke kuyenze buthaka imindeni. Uzokwazi ukukhulisa i-apiyari futhi uthole imindeni ephelele ngesikhathi sokuqoqa uju.
Kungani izinyosi ziqala ukugcwala, izizathu nokuthi kufanele zilwe kanjani
- Entwasahlobo amakoloni aqinile aqoqa inani elikhulu lezinyosi ezincane... Abamatasatasa ngomsebenzi wokukhuluphala izingane. Uma ngalesi sikhathi izitshalo zingakakwazi ukukhipha umpe, lezi zinyosi zishiywa zingasebenzi futhi lo mndeni uqala ukugcwala.
- Uma kukhona indlovukazi endala esidlekeni... Ayikhiphi ama-pheromones ngokwanele, ngenxa yalokhu, kuphuma ama-tinderpot amaningi, umsebenzi wokwakha uyancipha, okuyisizathu sokubekwa kwamaseli endlovukazi.
- Uma ufika ngesikhathi azange zikhulise izigaxa zesidleke.
- Kubi ukushintshaniswa komoya.
- Esidlekeni futhi inqwaba yezinyosi zezinyosi.
Ukuze kutholakale ngesikhathi esifanele isimo sokugcwala, isifuba kufanele sihlolwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
Izimpawu zokushayisana komndeni, izindlela zonyaka nezokulawula
Ukunquma isimo sokugcwala, udinga ukwazi izimpawu... Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zazo:
- Emakhekheni ezinyosi ukudlwengulwa okuningi kwe-drone.
- Ngaphambi kokugcwala isibeletho sicishe siyeke ukuhlwanyela amazinyane.
- Emakhekheni oju kuvela izindlovukazi zendlovukazi.
- Izinyosi ziyayeka ukusebenza futhi ingxenye enkulu hlangana ebhodini.
- Khulisa ivolumu ukubhuza.
Ukuze ukhombe ngokunembile isimo, unga setha ifreyimu yokulawula esidlekeni... Ungakwenza kanjani?
Hlukanisa ifreyimu phakathi... Donsela umucu wesisekelo engxenyeni engezansi, kanti engenhla kufanele ihlale ingenalutho. Uma izinyosi zisebenzisa ama-combs ngokuthula bese uzigcwalisa ngoju, konke kuhamba kahle, kepha lapho nje ubona amangqamuzana endlovukazi kanye ne-drone brood, inqubo yokubuthana iqala futhi udinga ukulwa nayo.
Umhlambi uzobe usulungele ukundiza uphume ngesikhathi esifushane - izinsuku eziyi-8-9 ngemuva kokutshala utshwala obungumama. Eyokuqala izophuma kuphela uma libalele, lizolile, kepha elilandelayo lingaphuma kunoma yikuphi.
Isikhathi sokugcwala kuvamise ukwenzeka ezinyosini izinyanga ezimbili - ngoMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni. Kepha lokhu akusiwo amaphesenti ayikhulu, ngoba amacala abonwa ngoJulayi nasekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Ungaphuma kanjani esifundazweni, ukuthi wenzeni?
Noma iziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuvimbela isimo se-swarm, udinga ukusilungiselela. Ezimweni ezinjalo umhlambi kufanele ubanjwe... Ngakho-ke, ungaqinisa imindeni ebuthakathaka noma wakhe umndeni omusha ngokugcwele. Yini okufanele yenziwe ngalokhu?
- Yiba nesitoko isidleke esingenalutho.
- Ngaphambi kokugcwala setha izingibe.
- Thenga izinyosi zokuloba izidakamizwa "Apiroy" noma "Apimil".
Cook swarms in ekwindla. Fafaza ngamanzi abilayo. Yomile futhi ugcine. Penda uma upende omdala usuhluziwe wakhipha iphunga. Ukuze ubambe, udinga ukuba nezicupho ezi-2-3.
Ungabamba umhlambi ngezindlela ezehlukene.
- izingibe;
- azikho izingibe.
Ukubamba iqulu ngezicupho
Izingibe noma izinkumbi kufanele zilungiswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa lokho okuthengiwe, bese ukuhlanganisa ngokwakho. Setha izingibe ezingama-2-3 ukuze ubambe kangcono.
Umhlanga ubukeka njengebhokisi elinesivalo... Kufanele ibe nomthamo okungenani wamalitha angama-50, ngoba imvamisa inqwaba yezinyosi ishiya nesicupho esincane kungahle kungabakhangi. Saw imbobo yompompi nezimbobo zokungenisa umoya kuyo. Setha ozimele ngama-dryers. Kufanele kube no-5-8 wazo. Ukuheha izinyosi, gcoba ngamalungiselelo noma uhlikihle izinaliti.
Ungabambi amakhekheba ezinyosi. Zizoheha izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane.
Khetha indawo ethule, ephansi ukusetha izingibe... Akufanele kube kude nezidleke zezinyosi. Imvamisa, izinyosi zikhetha isi-spruce ne-pine ukuze zithutheleke. Ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-6-8, qinisa isicupho ngocingo. Kufanele iboshwe ngokuqinile ukuze bangantengantengi emoyeni.
Uma ukwenze kahle konke futhi izinyosi sezixazulule ugibe, kufanele ziyiswe esidlekeni. Hambisa izinyosi ebusuku kakhululapho zonke izinyosi zithutheleka esixukwini. Vala iminyango bese ususa ngokucophelela isicupho esihlahleni. Faka enye kule ndawo.
Esidlekeni, okumele silungiswe kusengaphambili, faka isibumbu esithunjiwe. Ngaphambi kokufaka kabusha, hlola amafreyimu avela esixukwini, uma amabi, bese ususa, bese uxukuza izinyosi esidlekeni... Lapho uhlolwa, thola indlovukazi bese uqinisekisa ukuthi yena nezinyosi bangene esidlekeni. Beka inani elilahlekile lozimele elomile nesisekelo. Mboza ngethreyi nesivalo. Kunconywa ukuthi ubeke isicupho eduze kwesidleke okwesikhashana, ukuze lezo zinyosi ezisilele emuva zithuthele ebufakazini.
Uma izinyosi sezidluliswe ngempumelelo zisuka esixukwini zaya esidlekeni, isicupho kufanele sihlanzwe futhi sisethwe kabusha ukuze sibhajwe.
Ukubamba umhlambi ngaphandle kwesicupho
Esikhundleni sesixuku sokubamba izinyosi, ungasebenzisa umzimba wesidleke esingezansi i-dadana noma i-sunbed. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukubeka cishe ngamamitha angamashumi amahlanu ukusuka endaweni yezidleke. Faka amafreyimu ayi-8 ane-sushi kuwo bese uhlikihla ngephunga elikhangayo. Ngale ndlela ungaqoqa ama-swarm ama-2-3 ngesizini ngayinye... Ubuhle bale ndlela ukuthi ngemuva kokubamba izinyosi, akudingeki ukuthi ibuyiselwe kwenye indawo. Kuthuthukiswa kuwo umndeni ophelele.
Indlela yesibili yokudoba. Kuye, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa othwala ojwayelekile wozimele. Uma ngokungazelelwe ubonile ukuthi umndeni ulungiselela ukuvula, futhi awunalo ibutho ususondele, bese uthatha ophethe noma ibhokisi elijwayelekile elilinganayo. Beka kuyo ifreyimu noma amabili ngomile. Zisakaze futhi uziphathe nge-Apiroem.
Lapho nje umhlambi oshiye izingwegwe esihlahleni esithile abasithandayo, beka othwala ekhanda lakho bese uqala ukuhamba kancane ngaphansi kwaso. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izinyosi zizoqala ukwehla zibheke ebhokisini. Ungesabi, izinyosi ezikulesi simo azihlabi. Into esemqoka hhayi ukwenza ukunyakaza okungazelelwe... Ngokushesha nje lapho uzwa ukuthi ibhokisi liqala ukusinda, hamba kancane kakhulu ukuze uqoqe izinyosi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kubalulekile ukuthi indlovukazi icwile ebhokisini. Lapho nje sehlela kuye, khona-ke zonke izinyosi zizomlandela.
Ngemuva kokuqoqa izinyosi, udinga nje ukuyisusa kancane ekhanda lakho bese uyilengisa kahle egatsheni noma uyibeke esitendini esiphakeme. Ungayibeki phansi nhlobo, ngoba uma izintuthwane zingena ebhokisini, umhlambi uzondiza uhambe... Ngemuva kwesikhashana, vala idilowa ngendwangu elula bese ushiya kuphole. Kusihlwa, thumela izinyosi esidlekeni esingenamuntu noma ungeze ikoloni elibuthakathaka nazo.
Ungasusa kanjani umhlambi wezinyosi esihlahleni?
Akunabunzima ekususeni uswebezane esihlahleni. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungaphuthelwa yilo mzuzu, ngoba lapho nje izinyosi sezinquma ngezindlu, zizobaleka ngokushesha. Sebenzisa amathuluzi alandelayo ukusula umhlambi:
- URoevney.
- Ngeladi.
- Futha ibhodlela nge-lemon balm infusion.
- Izitebhisi.
- Isidleke esingenalutho.
- Ibhodi liwugibe.
Uma i-swarm isendaweni ephakeme, kulula ukuthi uyisuse... Simisa noma sibeka isicupho eceleni kwaso, simgcobe u-Apiro, bese silinda izinyosi ukuthi zingene kancane kancane kuso. Noma sifaka ibhokisi ngaphansi kwesixuku bese silishukumisa ngokunyakaza okukodwa. Izinsalela zingalandwa nge-scoop. Vala isicupho bese ushiya kuze kuhlwe.
Kunzima ukudubula umhlambi lapho ubanjwe esihlahleni... Kulokhu, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni isitebhisi noma iladi elide. Sizosebenzisa nezigxobo ezimbili. Namathisela isicupho kokunye, xhuma kwenye.
Faka ibhodlela lesifutho ephaketheni lakho bese ukhuphuka kahle izitebhisi ezinezigxobo.
Futha izinyosi ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuzisusa, lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuqoqa. Beka isicupho ngaphansi kwebhola lezinyosi ngesigxobo. Hook igatsha ngehhuku lesigxobo sesibili. Nyakazisa igatsha ngamandla nangendlela eyanele ukuze isigaxa siwele esixukwini.... Zama lokhu kanye. Manje namathisela ibhokisi egatsheni bese uvala isembozo. Zonke izinyosi zizongena kulo ngomgodi wokungena.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukulungisa isicupho, sehlise phansi bese ulinda zonke izinambuzane zihlangane. Manje sezingadluliselwa ebufakazini obungenalutho.
Faka amafreyimu ama-2 ngokuhlwanyela kubufakazi bese izinyosi zingandizi zisuke kuwo, kodwa zizoya emsebenzini.
Ungakulawula kanjani futhi ukuvikele ukuqubuka?
Inqubo yokugcwala, ukuthi uyilawula kanjani futhi uyivimba kanjani, ifanelekile kubaqalayo nabafuyi bezinyosi abanolwazi.
Kumuntu oqala ukufuya izinyosi, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge uhlobo lwezinyosi olungajwayele ukugcwala. Kodwa izinyosi ezinjalo aziqoqi umpe kahle, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-swarm bee. Phela yini ephithizelayo Ingabe ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinyosi. Inqubo engokwemvelo, yemvelo esebenza njengento ebashukumisayo.
Abafuyi bezinyosi abanesipiliyoni bangahlala benquma isimo sezinkukhu ezinyosi futhi, uma kungenzeka, basivimbele. Into esemqoka ekulawuleni lolu daba ukubakhona njalo komfuyi wezinyosi eduze kwezinyosi. Ngesikhathi sokwenyuka, kunconywa ukuhlela iwashi noma ukuhlala isikhashana.
Yini okufanele yenziwe ukumisa inqubo yokugcwala kwabantu? Amathiphu avela kubafuyi bezinyosi abanolwazi:
- thenga izinyosi kungagcwali;
- njalo shintsha izindlovukazi ezindala;
- susa omama utshwala emakhekheba ezinyosi;
- ungafaki i-apiary ngaphansi ilanga elishisayo;
- ngesikhathi esifanele engeza ukuvala imindeni eqinile;
- inzalo eyeqile emindenini eqinile (ukwakheka kufanele kwenziwe kusuka emindenini enjalo);
- akukho ukufumbathisa kuletha umndeni esimweni esibucayi.
Uma zonke izimo kuhlangatshezwana nazo, ingozi yokweqa izinyosi izoncishiswa.
Ungakwenza kanjani ukugcwala kwezinyosi okufakelwayo, uyini umphumela?
Kungani abafuyi bezinyosi abanesipiliyoni beqhuba uswebu lokuzenzela? it kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe izinyosi esimweni sezinkumbi endaweni yezidleke nokwandisa inani lemindeni (indlela kaTaranov).
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngokulandelana, udinga ngaphambi kweqoqo lezinyosi eliyinhloko. Imindeni emisha efundisiwe izoba nesikhathi sokuzinza ezindlini ezintsha. Ukubuthana okwenziwe ngokujwayelekile kwenziwa ngabafuyi bezinyosi abanolwazi... Kabasaqalayo, le yinqubo enzima futhi edla isikhathi. Kepha ikhokhwa ngekhulu, ngoba imindeni enjalo ivame ukusebenza kangcono kunaleyo engahlukanisiwe.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokuthutheleka okungekho emthethweni:
Inketho 1: kusetshenziswa ukubeka okuyisisekelo
Ayasetshenziswa ukubeka ngezindlovukazi ezingaphezulu kwama-cores... Ngenxa yalokhu, imindeni emisha ithuthuka ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokusungulwa kwezingane ezivuthiwe ezivela emndenini oqinile.
Umndeni onjalo uyakwazi ukuqina ngeqoqo lezinyosi eliyinhloko.
Ungakwenza kanjani?
- Beka isidleke esingenalutho eduze kwesidleke lapho uhlela ukubeka khona... Kulokhu, isidleke kufanele sibe silinganayo nesokuqala, futhi sipendwe ngombala ofanayo.
- Faka amafreyimu ama-2 agcwele uju, isinkwa sezinyosi esidlekeni esingenalutho. Futhi amafreyimu anamafreyimu omile nama-2 anesisekelo. Maphakathi nendawo, shiya isikhala sozimele ababili.
- Thatha emndenini oqinile amafreyimu amabili anezinyosi nezinyosi... Kubeke maphakathi nesidleke sesibili (lapho uzoxazulula khona umndeni omusha).
- Emndenini omusha sihlalisa isibeletho esithengiwe noma sibeka uphuzo olungumama okuzophuma kulo isibeletho kungekudala.
- Ekhekheni lezinyosi olidingayo thela izingilazi ezimbili zamanzi afudumele.
- Yimboze ngokusekelwa, ukwahlukanisa nesembozo.
- Ungahlola lesi sidleke ngezinsuku eziyi-6-8... Uma isidleke sishiywe ngaphandle kwendlovukazi, udinga ukutshala esisha, ngaphandle kwalokho izinyosi ngeke zisebenze kuze kube yilapho indlovukazi iqala ukuhlwanyela okusha.
Inketho 2: hlukanisa umndeni ngesigamu
Hlukanisa umndeni ngesigamu... Uma inamandla futhi kunenani elikhulu lamabele kuyo, khona-ke ikoloni elinjalo lingagobhoza ngokwemvelo, eliphazamisa izinyosi emsebenzini futhi nesikhathi sokuqoqa uju sizophuthelwa, futhi nokulahleka kwezinyosi kungenzeka.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani kahle?
- Ekuhloleni, khetha isidleke nge umndeni oqinile.
- Beka isidleke esingenalutho 0.5 m kusuka kulesi sidleke.
- Khipha uhhafu wozimele abanezinkukhu kanye nokuphakelayo, bese uhlela kabusha esidlekeni esingenalutho.
- Gcwalisa womabili isifuba ngozimele nge yomile ne-wax.
- Vala isifuba.
- Ngemuva kwesikhashana izinyosi zizohlukana zibe izifuba ezimbili.
- Umndeni omusha kufanele tshala isibeletho.
- Kancane kancane isifuba sidinga ukususwa sisondele komunye nomunye... Nsuku zonke ibanga lenyuswa ngo-0.5 m.
- Sonke lesi sikhathi izinyosi ondliwe ngesiraphu kashukela.
Inketho 3: yezinyosi zisesimweni sokugcwala
Le nketho isetshenzisiwe lapho silwa nesixuku sezinyosi.
- Kusuka emndenini oqinile khipha amafreyimu ama-2-3 anezingane nesibeletho.
- Bafakele kabusha ku- isidleke esingenalutho.
- Beka ozimele abomile phakathi kwezingane (1-2), nangasemaphethelweni nge isisekelo.
- Isidleke nomndeni omusha sibeka esidala.
- Tshala isibeletho esincane esidlekeni esidala, noma umama ovuthiwe.
- Ukukhula okuncane nika amanzi okuphuza ngaphambi kokuchamusela inyosi endizayo.
Inketho 4: ukuhleleka okuvela emindenini ehlukile
Akunalutho isidleke sezinyosi sivunwa ezinhlakeni ezivela emindenini ehlukene... Ngenxa yalokhu, amafreyimu anezizukulwane ezivela emindenini eyahlukene ayathathwa futhi afakwe esidlekeni.
Qiniseka ukuthi isibeletho esivela esidlekeni esidala asingeni kulesi sidleke.
Isibeletho sifakwa esidlekeni esisha futhi uyivale. Kubeke endaweni entsha. Umndeni osemusha udinga ukuqondiswa okusondele.
Ukubhebhetheka kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kepha kuyadingeka endaweni yezidleke zezinyosi... Ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo wezidleke zezinyosi, idinga ukulawulwa. Uma udalela izinyosi izimo ezikahle futhi usebenzisa zonke izindlela ukuvimbela ukubhebhetheka ngesikhathi sokuvuna uju, ungandisa indawo yezidleke bese uvuna isivuno esihle sezinyosi.