I-Garlic isitshalo esinempilo futhi esithandwayo esikhuliswa yilowo nalowo mlimi. Inqubo yokuthola isivuno esiningi nokutshala entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile ilula impela, futhi noma oqalayo angabhekana nakho, into esemqoka ukulandela yonke imithetho.
Izincomo maqondana nokutshala zizobaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ubuningi nekhwalithi yamakhanda abilayo atholakele kuzoya ngakho.
Ngosizo lwemiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukutshala nokukhula kwamakhanda egalikhi ezweni ngeke kube nzima esifundeni saseMoscow, naseBelarus naseTransbaikalia.
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ugalikhi wasentwasahlobo nobusika
I-Garlic ingatshalwa kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Isikhathi esithile sizoncika kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe.
Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi isitshalo esinjalo singamelwa yizinhlobo zasebusika noma zentwasahlobo. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili azifani ngokuya ngokutshala kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izici eziningi. Ungazitshala futhi uzifakele ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, okufanayo kuya lapho kuhlwanyelwa imbewu yezithombo.
Ukwahlukanisa komunye nomunye, udinga ukwazi izimpawu zangaphandle eziyinhloko zohlobo ngalunye:
- Ubusika begalikhi butshaliwe ekwindla, inkulu, ama-lobules ambozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile. Phakathi nendawo kukhona induku eqinile futhi eqinile, lapho kutholakala khona amazinyo;
- intwasahlobo ibekwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo... Amakhanda anjalo mancane, isikhumba sawo sithambile futhi sifana nesikhumba. Amazinyo mancane, ukuhlelwa kwawo kunesiphithiphithi.
Igalikhi yasebusika ilungele ukusetshenziswa okusha nokongiwa, izinhlobo ezinjalo zigcinwa izinyanga eziyi-3-4 kuphela. Intwasahlobo inokunambitheka okuncane, kepha ungayisebenzisa kuze kufike isivuno esilandelayo.
Izinsuku ezithile zokutshala zizoya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda:
- Lapho wenza ukutshala ekwindla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi amaqhwa okuqala evela ekuqaleni kobusika, amazinyo kufanele abe nesikhathi sokwenza uhlelo lwezimpande olunamandla, le nqubo ithatha amasonto ama-3-4 ngokwesilinganiso. Ngokuya ngalokhu, wonke umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, okungukuthi ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba;
- Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba ikhava leqhwa lasebusika selincibilikile, kanti inhlabathi yensimu ifudumala ize ifike ku- + 6 degrees. Ngokuya ngesifunda esithile, lokhu kungenzeka Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Izinzuzo zekwindla nasentwasahlobo zokutshalwa kwamakhanda
Lapho wenza ukukhetha ngasikhathi sini sokutshala ugarlic, udinga ukucabanga ngeqiniso lokuthi hhayi kuphela inqubo yomsebenzi incike kulokhu, kepha futhi izici zesitshalo esiholelekilekuzovela kanjani nokuthi kuzodingeka yini ukufakelwa kabusha ehlobo.
Ubusika garlic | Ugalikhi wasentwasahlobo |
Ukunambitheka kukagalikhi wasentwasahlobo kuncane kakhulu, kanti amakhanda nama-clove mancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zasebusika. | I-garlic yasebusika inama-prongs amakhulu okulula ukuwahluba ngaphambi kokupheka futhi abe nephunga elikhanyayo, elibabayo |
I-spring garlic ivuthwa isikhathi eside, isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo zalolu hlobo sihlala ezingeni eliphansi | Ugalikhi wasebusika uvuthwa ngaphambi kwenyanga kunegalikhi yasentwasahlobo, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa imishini emisha ehlobo, ngaphandle kwalokho, isivuno salezi zinhlobo siphezulu |
I-spring garlic ikwazi ukugcina ukusha kwayo kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-12 | Igalikhi yasebusika igcinwa kuphela izinyanga eziyi-3-4 |
Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kuqinisekisa ukuvela okuhle kwezithombo nokukhula okuphephile kwezitshalo | Lapho wenza ukutshala ekwindla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuhlale kunengozi yokuqala kwesithwathwa noma imvula eningi kakhulu, engaqeda ukutshala |
Lapho unakekela u-garlic wasentwasahlobo, kufanele unakekele ukuchelela okwanele ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwamazinyo. | Izinhlobo zobusika zakhiwa kusetshenziswa umswakama wenhlabathi |
Izinhlobo zasentwasahlobo zikagalikhi azesabi izifo ezivamile nezinambuzane | Izinhlobo zekwindla yizona ezingakwazi ukuzivikela kakhulu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. |
Ukukhethwa kwezinsuku zokutshala kanye nohlobo lwemifino ekhulile kuzoya ngenhloso ekhulayo. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukutshala emibhedeni kokubili izitshalo zasebusika nezasentwasahlobo izitshalo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala kanye nezici zokuhlwanyela imbewu ezweni
Usuku ngalunye lokutshala lunezici zalo eziqondene nomsebenzi. Kepha kunemithetho ejwayelekile okufanele ilandelwe kungakhathalekile isikhathi:
- Ngaphambi kokuba utshale imifino, kufanele nakanjani ulinganise, okungukuthi, ukususa amakhanda amancane futhi anezifo ezithile;
- Iphutha elijwayelekile elenziwa ngabalimi abaningi ukutshala izitshalo zasebusika entwasahlobo. Kulokhu, ungathola isivuno, kepha ngeke sibe mnandi futhi sibe sikhulu njengokutshala ekwindla;
- Ukuze uthole isivuno esiqinisekisiwe, kufanele uthenge Izinhlobo eziklanyelwe... Kuyafaneleka futhi ukutadisha kusengaphambili zonke izici, ubuchwepheshe, indlela yokuhlwanyela kanye nezidingo;
- Kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu udinga ukufeza ukuvuselelwa kohlobookungukuthi, esikhundleni samazinyo, ama-bulb azosetshenziswa njengezinto zokutshala, okuzovuthwa kuzo amazinyo anezinyo elilodwa ngenkathi yokuqala. Isivuno esivelayo sisetshenziselwa ukutshala ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngenxa yalowo msebenzi, igalikhi iyavuselelwa;
- Ukuze uvune isivuno esisezingeni eliphakeme, isikhathi esinqunyiwe akumele siphuthelwe. Ungazikhomba ngomcibisholo okufanele uqhume. Ama-bulbs kufanele futhi akhe;
- Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile, izimpaphe zikagalikhi kufanele zikhethwe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Umthetho obaluleke kunayo yonke okufanele uyilandele lapho utshala ugarlic kuzoba yizikhathi zokugcina.
Ekwindla, akufanele utshale amazinyo kusenesikhathi ukuze angahlumi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, entwasahlobo akufanele ulibazise ukutshala, ngoba lapho amakhanda kungenzeka angabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Imithetho yokutshala ugalikhi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze ukulima kuphele ngempumelelo, udinga ukwenza kahle umsebenzi wokutshala. Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela kahle ukutshala kanye nokwenza umsebenzi odingekayo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ilungiselela ama-clove esithombo
Ukuze uthole amahlumela anobungani, azoletha isivuno esihle kamuva, udinga ukusebenza kanzima futhi ukucubungula kahle izinto zokutshala:
- Amakhanda kagalikhi omiswe kahle ahlukaniswe ngama-chives, ngaphandle kokulimaza izikali ezomile;
- Bese usebenzisa ukulinganisaukukhetha izingcezu ezinkulu nezinempilo;
- Ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ama-clove angakhuthazwa ukuba avele ngokushesha kwezimpande, ngale nto yokutshala esongwe ngendwangu emanzi bese ufaka esiqandisini izinsuku eziningana;
- Ngaphambi kokutshala amazinyo emhlabathini, kufanele azilungiselele.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokwenza ukucubungula:
- Izingcezu zifakwe emanzini afudumele amahora angama-10-12;
- Ngalezi zinhloso, usawoti wetafula nawo ufanelekile, ohlanjululwa emanzini (izipuni ezi-3 ngamalitha ama-5). Le nqubo yenziwa imizuzu eminingana;
- Enye indlela kungaba ngamakhemikhali anomthelela ovuselelayo.
- Inqubo yokugcina ebalulekile izoba ukubulala amagciwane... Ukuze wenze lokhu, amazinyo afakwa kusixazululo se-sulfate yethusi imizuzu engu-1-2 (1 isipuni ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
Isixazululo se-potassium permanganate, i-Fitosporin-M nokufakwa komlotha nakho kufanelekile ukwelashwa ngama-antimicrobial. Kulokhu, ukucubungula kuzothatha imizuzu engama-30.
Ukukhethwa kwesayithi nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi
I-Garlic ayinandaba ngokukhetha inhlabathi nokutshala izindawo. Lapho ulungiselela isiza, kufanele ukhumbule zonke izintandokazi zalesi siko:
- ngendlela engcono kakhulu imifino egxila ngayo inhlabathi e-loamy ne-chernozem ene-asidi engathathi hlangothi;
- indawo kufanele ibe khona libalele futhi livulekile;
- akunconywa ukutshala ugalikhi lapho u-anyanisi, amazambane notamatisi kwakhula ngaphambi kwawo. Izandulela ezifiselekayo zifaka phakathi iklabishi, imidumba, ama-courgette namakhukhamba.
Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ekwindla, nasekutshaleni ekwindla inyanga ngaphambi komsebenzi. Le nqubo ifaka ukumba okujulile, ukukhulula, ukususwa kokhula namatshe.
Ukuze ulinganise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ubumba nenhlabathi enesihlabathi kuhlanjululwa nge-peat, ne-peaty loam.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esinothile, ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi oyidingayo ukucebisa... Laba manyolo abalandelayo basetshenziswa kumitha elilodwa lesikwele lomhlabathi:
- Ibhakede elilodwa le-humus noma umquba obolile;
- Ibhakede elilodwa lomquba;
- 1 inkomishi ufulawa dolomite;
- Isipuni esingu-1 se-superphosphate;
- Isipuni esingu-1 se-nitrophosphate.
Ingxenye yokugcina kuzoba ukubulala amagciwane lapho kutshalwe khona, lapho imibhede iniselwa nge-sulfate yethusi noma isisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukumboza amaphethelo ngocwecwe kuze kuqedwe umsebenzi.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo nokuthi utshale kangakanani
Imifino itshalwe emigqeni, ibanga eliphakathi kokufanele lilingane 20-25 amasentimitha... Ibanga phakathi kwamazinyo ngamanye lizoya ngosayizi wawo, ngokwesilinganiso, leli nani lingamasentimitha ayi-10.
Amazinyo ayajula mpo... Ngentwasahlobo, ukushumeka kokujula kuzoba ngamasentimitha ama-5-6. Ekwindla, lesi sibalo kufanele sandiswe sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvikela okokutshala ekubandeni.
Ekwindla, ngemuva nje kokutshala imibhede, kunconywa ukuthi ukhule ngotshani noma ngotshani obomile. Lapho nje iqhwa selincibilika, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa.
Ukunakekela
Ukunakekela ugarliki ngemuva kokutshala kuzoba nalokhu ukukhulula nokuhlanza inhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanele... Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngokunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, umswakama kufanele usetshenziswe kakhulu.
Ukunisela kuncishiswa kube inani elilinganisiwe lapho izithelo ziqala ukwakheka, ngoba ngomswakama owedlulele, igalikhi ingahlaselwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene. Esimweni sezulu esinemvula, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe. Ukufaka umswakama kumiswa emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Ngaphezu kokunisela, igalikhi idinga ukondliwa njalo:
- Kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-10 inhlabathi iyaniselwa ngesisombululo se-phosphorus ne-potash fertilizer;
- Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula nangemva kokwakheka kwekhanda, izitshalo zivundiswa ngomuthi we-mullein noma ubulembu bezinkukhu. Ikhilogremu elilodwa likamanyolo lihlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese lifakwa izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuvutshelwa, ilitha elilodwa lokugqoka okuphezulu lihlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi.
Ukuvikelwa okungeziwe ezifweni nasezinambuzane, ukwelashwa kokuvikela ngama-fungicides kanye ne-insecticide kwenziwa entwasahlobo.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-garlic etshalwe ngaphambi kobusika entwasahlobo
Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kokutshalwa kukagalikhi ekwindla, izinhlelo zensimu ziguquka kakhulu futhi imibhede kufanele ifakwe endaweni entsha. Imithombo eminingi ayikukhuthazi ukuqhuba inqubo enjalo, ngoba ingalimaza uhlelo lwempande yezitshalo futhi ilubhubhise.
Kepha uma umsebenzi udingekile, ukutshala kuyadluliselwa kanye nembumba enkulu yomhlaba... Kulokhu, ukulahlekelwa kuzoba kuncane, kepha noma kunjalo, isivuno esincane kufanele silindelwe.
Ungatshala ugalikhi entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Imigomo ethile yokuqedelwa komsebenzi izoncika kumphumela oyifunayo. Ukhiye wokusebenza ngempumelelo kuzoba ukuhambisana nayo yonke le mithetho engenhla.