Ukukhula kwamagilebhisi ngokusika ama-cuttings kuthola ukuthandwa ngokwengeziwe. Ukuvuna ekwindla nokuwagcina kuze kube sentwasahlobo kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Kungani uvuna ukusikwa kwamagilebhisi ekwindla ebusika
Ungawasika kanjani amagilebhisi ekwindla? Ngentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezikhethiwe zitshalwa ezikhungweni zasekhaya. Ukuthola izithombo, ukusika kuqala ukuvunwa. Zithenwa kusuka emvinini othuthukile osukhule kahle ehlobo. Ukugcinwa kukaBush kufaka ukuthena ekwindla ukwakha isitshalo nokususa amahlumela amaningi, okuvimbela ukulayishwa kwesitshalo.
Ngentwasahlobo, ngeke kwenzeke ukusika i-chubuki kusuka kumagilebhisi ahlutshiwe ekwindla, ebusika yisikhathi sokulala, ukukhula kwamahlumela akwenzeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lamehlo nemivini ziyafa ebusika ngenxa yesithwathwa. Ngalesi sizathu, ukusika kugcinwa ekupheleni kwesizini. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa.
Inqubo yokuvuna ama-shanks ihlanganiswe nokusika izihlahla ekwindla komvini, okuhlose ukwakha isihlahla nokususa amagatsha angenasidingo. Ukuba khona kwama-cuttings kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina izinhlobo ezitshaliwe, ngoba akekho ozokwenza ukubikezela isimo sezulu nesimo sokusinda kwesitshalo esithanda ukushisa ezimeni ezinzima.
Ungazilungisa kanjani izithombo ekwindla
Ukuze ama-cuttings akwazi ukumelana kahle nezimo zokugcina futhi aqale ukukhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele imithetho yokuvuna.
Ungasikhetha kanjani isivini sokuvuna ukusika
Kukhethwa izihlahla ezivundile ezinempilo ukusika izikhala. Umvini lapho kuhlelwa khona ukukhetha ihlumela kufanele kube nombala ofanayo (utshani obumnyama) ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesifo noma ukulimala kwezinambuzane. Ububanzi bungu-5-8 mm. Amahlumela amancanyana futhi aminyene awanconywa ukuthi avunwe; ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe hhayi egatsheni elidala, kepha elivuthwe kahle.
Ungahlola ukuvuthwa nge-iodine. Kwisisombululo esingu-1%, udinga ukwehlisa ukusika bese ubona ukuthi umbala wawo ushintsha kanjani. Izinhlobo ezingavuthiwe zizohlala ziluhlaza okotshani, futhi inketho efanelekayo izothola umbala omnyama onsomi. Ngokusika, ingxenye ephakathi yegatsha iyakhethwa, ngoba ichopho lincane kakhulu futhi alithuthuki kahle. AmaChubuki enziwa ngeso lesi-4; amahlumela aqinile futhi avundile akhula kusuka kulezi zikhala.
Abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba bakhethe ukuthengela umvini othuthukiswe ohlangothini olubalele, amagatsha amila emthunzini akhula abe mabi kakhulu. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa amahlumela anamafutha futhi amabi ukusika.
Ukuthena kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthi amahlamvu ewile cishe emavikini ama-2-3 (ukuphela kukaSepthemba-Okthoba).
Izindlela zokusika ukusikwa kwamagilebhisi
Unganqamula igatsha elide lokugcina ngamehlo ayi-6-8, lapho benza khona ukuthena ukuhluma entwasahlobo. Ungahlela enye yezinketho ezilandelayo:
- ukudubula okufushane kwamehlo ama-1-2 (asetshenziswa kaningi ukugoma);
- ukusika okulingene ngamehlo we-3-4 (le ndlela ithandwa kakhulu);
- ukusika okude ngamehlo ama-5 noma ngaphezulu.
Sebenzisa i-pruner engadini enegciwane ukuze uthene.
Ukubulala amagciwane kwezithombo
Ngaphambi kokuthumela imiphini yokugcina, udinga ukubulala amagciwane. Izinsalela zingaqukatha ama-microorganisms namagciwane, azoqala ukuphindaphindeka ngamandla ezimeni zomswakama nokushisa. Lokhu kuzokonakalisa yonke impahla yokutshala.
Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokusika ihlumela. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, kunconywa ukuthi usonge umsebenzi wokusebenza kufoyili noma ngendwangu eyomile, ehlanzekile.
Ukulungiselela isisombululo se-disinfectant, udinga ukuncibilikisa isipuni sethusi sulfate engilazini yamanzi. Sula imiphini ngokukhululekile nguketshezi oluthelwe ebhodleleni lokufafaza bese uluyeka lome ngokwemvelo. Ukubulala amagciwane kuzovikela okokutshala ekwakhekeni kwesikhunta nesikhunta ngesikhathi sokugcina.
Ilungiselela ukugcinwa kusela noma esiqandisini
Inqubo yokulungiselela ibandakanya ukugcwalisa izikhala ngomswakama ukuze zingomi ngesikhathi sasebusika. Ukwenza lokhu, amahlumela anqunyiwe afakwa esitsheni ngamanzi futhi agcinwe kuwo amahora angama-24. Ngemuva kwalokho, okokutshala kufakwa amagciwane kusisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engama-30.
Esikhundleni se-potassium permanganate, ungasebenzisa ukwakheka okungu-3% kwe-sulfate yethusi. Izisiki eziphathwe ngale ndlela zifakwa ethawula lephepha bese zibekwa ephepheni ukuze zome.
Ukulungiselela okulungile kwandisa amathuba okulondoloza okokutshala. Gcina okokusebenza kwifilimu eboshwe ngokuqinile endaweni epholile.
Ungakugcina kanjani ukusikwa kwamagilebhisi ebusika kuze kufike intwasahlobo
Izisiki zigcinwa kumasela noma iziqandisi emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-2 kuye ku-6 degrees. Abanye abalimi basebenzisa indlela yokugcina lapho imiphini elungiselelwe ingcwatshwa khona emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele ukuze kuthi ekwindla inhlabathi ihlale yomile lapho, kuthi ngemuva kokuba iqhwa selincibilikile, lingaphenduki libe yixhaphozi. Ukujula kokucwiliswa kwezinto zokutshala okungenani kungama-25 cm.
Izisiki ezigcinwe ezindlini ezingaphansi noma eziqandisini ziyahlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile (cishe kanye ngenyanga). Uma kutholakala ukukhula kwesikhunta noma ukomiswa komsebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ngokuphuthumayo ukuze uzilondoloze. Uma kungekho umswakama owanele, ama-cuttings kufanele acwiliswe esitsheni samanzi amahora ayisithupha futhi omiswe njengokulungiselela okubhaliwe. Futhi uma kwenzeka ukwakheka kwesikhunta, amahlumela ahlanzwa kahle futhi abulawe amagciwane ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-copper sulfate.
Indlela edumile yokugcina ama-cuttings ichazwe encwadini ngamagilebhisi akhulayo. Ukukhiqiza kabusha, kukhethwa amahlumela wonyaka anamahlumela aphilile (ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe ngama-20 cm noma ngaphezulu), ubukhulu begatsha bungu-5-6 mm. Ngemuva kokubulala amagciwane kanye nokomisa, ama-cuttings asongwe ngeroli esebenzisa i-polyethylene kanye ne-interlayer ye-sawdust eshubile. Iroli eboshwe ngokuqinile ifakwa esikhwameni bese igcinwa esiqandisini (izinga lokushisa 2-6 ° C). Ngesikhathi sokuqapha ngezikhathi ezithile, kufanele unake umbala wesibhamu, kufanele sihlale siluhlaza ngokukhanyayo.
Ukuhluma kwamakhanda ekhaya
Indlela kaRadchevsky
Le ndlela ibonakala ngokulula kobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesihlahla esikhula ngokushesha esinezinga eliphakeme lokusinda. Ingqikithi yendlela imi kanjena.
- Ekwindla, kusikwa ama-cuttings angama-60-90 cm ubude. Ngemuva kokucubungulwa, zisongwa ngefilimu bese zithunyelwa emseleni ngesihlabathi.
- Entwasahlobo, kuthathwa amahlumela bese kunqunywa 30-40 cm lilinye, ngenkathi ukukhipha amehlo aphansi akudingekile nakancane.
- Ama-cuttings afakwe cishe izinsuku ezimbili emanzini. Isitsha esinazo sifakwe endaweni epholile (umbuso wokushisa 15-18 °).
- Ngemuva kokuswakama, ama-cuttings afakwa ezitsheni zamalithaigcwaliswe ngamanzi ngo-2-3 cm. Kufakwa amahlumela afika kwali-10 esitsheni esisodwa. Iziqukathi ezinezisiki zivezwa efasiteleni kusuka ohlangothini olunelanga. Uma kwenzeka kunokuntuleka kokukhanya, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ilambu langemuva elinamalambu we-fluorescent.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, amahlumela amancane akhiwa kusuka emakhanda, futhi izimpande zivela kwelinye isonto.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande, ama-cuttings afakwa kabusha emasakeni anenhlanganisela yenhlabathi (inhlabathi, isihlabathi, i-humus). Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuthena, ushiye eyodwa kuphela, kepha ihlumela eliqine kakhulu (uma kune-internode emfushane, amahlumela amabili angagcinwa). Ukufafaza ngomhlaba kwenziwa ukuze ukusika okungu-10-15 cm kuhlale ngaphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchelela okulingene nokuxegiswa kwenhlabathi kuyenziwa. Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ungamila kanjani ama-shanks usebenzisa indlela yePusenko
Le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi ikhabethe, ngoba ukusika okulungiselelwe kufakwe ekhabethe. Inqubo yokulungiselela ihilela ukuswakama indwangu eminyene nokugoqa isibambo ngayo (ngayinye isongwe eceleni).
Ingxenye engezansi yephakeji ifakwa kwifilimu, ngemuva kwalokho zonke izikhala zibekwa kwikhabethe endaweni evundlile. Iziqongo zamanqina ziqondiswe odongeni noma ewindini, lokhu kuzobakhela izinga lokushisa elifanele. Ukushisa okwedlulele kuzobangela ukuqhakaza okukhulu kwengxenye ephezulu yesithombe. Izici zezindlela:
- ukumanzisa izicubu ngezikhathi ezithile;
- umbuso wokushisa ufike ku-25 °.
Izimpande zivela ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3-4. Lapho ubude babo bufinyelela ku-1-2 mm, ukufakelwa kabusha emhlabathini ovulekile noma isitsha esihlukile kuzodingeka. Le ndlela ilungele ukusikwa okungu-0.7 cm ubukhulu obukhulu.
Indlela yokuhluma okulungile kudoti
Le ndlela ilula futhi iyathandeka esitshalweni, esingacindezelwa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha.
Ingqikithi yendlela iqukethe ukucwilisa ukusika esitsheni esigcwele sawdust nge-hydrogel / isihlabathi noma enye into ehlukile.
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa isitsha zidinga ukulungiswa:
- isihlabathi sihlanzwa imfucumfucu, sigezwe futhi sigcwaliswe ngamanzi abilayo;
- i-sawdust nayo ithelwa ngamanzi abilayo futhi iyakhanywa.
I-sawdust esepholile ixutshwe nesihlabathi noma i-hydrogel kanti isitsha esilungisiwe sigcwaliswa ngengxube evelayo. Maphakathi, ukusika kugxila ekugcwaliseni futhi kumanziswe ngezikhathi ezithile. Izimpande zivela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ngemuva kwalokho isitshalo sitshalwe kabusha endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ezinye izindlela zokuqothula
Indlela yokuqothula futhi iyatholakala futhi ilula. Okusemqoka ngumphumela wokudubula ngasikhathi sinye kwamazinga okushisa amabili ahlukene. Lokhu kutholakala ngokucwilisa ukusika okuningi emhlabathini, ufafaze okusele ngesaha noma isihlabathi, bese umboza ifilimu.
Isistimu yezimpande yakha ngaphezulu, kuyilapho isiqeshana esicwilisiwe singakhuli ngenxa yezinga lokushisa elipholile. Lapho nje izimpondo zempande zivela ebusweni bokusika, kwenzeka ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele futhi isiqu sitshalwe kabusha emhlabathini.
Yini futhi wenzani ngokusika okuhlumile
Amahlumela ahlwanyelwe atshalwa entwasahlobo, lapho kwakhiwa amaqabunga ayi-2-3 eqiniso esitsheni. Phambilini, isitsha esinamagilebhisi siniselwa ngamanzi bese kukhishwa ihlumela. Ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa, izimpande zifakwa emashini wobumba. Futhi, kusetshenziselwa ukucubungula amanzi oju, okulungiswa kusuka kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi no-1 isipuni soju. Inqubo yokutshala iqedwa ngokungcwaba ukusika nokubeka isikhonkwane njengesisekelo. Kunconywa ukuba ukhule umhlabathi ozungeze isihlahla.
Ukutshala ama-shanks entwasahlobo kubonakala ngezinga eliphakeme lokusinda kwento (kufika kuma-95%). Isitshalo esinjalo singathela izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo. Isikhathi sinqunywa yizimo zezulu, amazinga okushisa ebusuku akufanele awe ngaphansi kuka-0 ° C.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuvuna nokugcina ama-cuttings, ongakhetha kuzo elula kakhulu. Lapho-ke ngeke udinge ukukhathazeka ngokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo ngenxa yokubandayo komvini. Ngesikhathi esifudumele, isithombo sizothola amandla futhi siqine, esizosisiza sisinde ebusika obunzima ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala ethembekile. Futhi-ke ingahluma futhi isakazwe.