Abantu bavame ukuba nentshisekelo yokuthi bangazinikeza kanjani izitshalo ezintsha, zamavithamini ebusika? Ukukhulisa imifino ehlukahlukene usebenzisa i-hydroponics ekhaya - uzohlinzeka itafula lakho ngamavithamini cishe unyaka wonke. Lobu buchwepheshe buthakazelisa ikakhulukazi kulabo abathandi bezitshalo abangenaso isiqeshana somhlaba abasijwayele. Lo msebenzi olula futhi othokozisayo uzokunika ithuba lokonga imali ebekelwe ukuthenga indawo eluhlaza, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ujabulele ukuxhumana nezitshalo.
Iyini indlela ye-hydroponic yokutshala uhlaza
Igama elithi hydroponics lisho ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bususelwa emanzini. Ngosizo lwayo, izitshalo eziluhlaza azikhuli enhlabathini ejwayelekile, kodwa emanzini enhlanganisela ekhethekile, lapho kukhona khona wonke umsoco odingekayo empilweni yezitshalo. Le ndlela yokukhula ikuvumela ukuthi ukhohlwe ngokhula, ukuchelela nokumba imibhede, ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, abazama ukuzitika ngezitshalo zethu.
Isixazululo esisetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo siqukethe zonke izakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo, okuthi, ngokwakhiwa kwazo kwamakhemikhali, zifane nalezo ezitholakala enhlabathini engadini.
Ungaqala kuphi, umdwebo wokufaka
Okokuqala, udinga ukuthenga imishini edingekayo kanye nezinkomishi zepulasitiki noma izimbiza, izimbobo ububanzi obungu-3-5 cm benziwa ezansi, ziyadingeka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu.
Isiqukathi esilungisiwe sifakwa ku-pallet ephakeme, futhi kuhlanganiswe ne-compressor evela ku-aquarium. Kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa amanzi ngomoya futhi uvuse njalo ingxube yezakhi ukuze izakhi zomzimba zingangeni phansi, kepha zihambe phakathi kwezimpande zezitshalo. Izinkomishi noma izimbiza kufanele zifakwe endaweni enobubanzi obufanele eshidini le-foam.
Uma lokhu kufakwa okulula kuhlanganiswe kahle, emva kwesikhashana ungasika amakhambi wokuqala amasha.
Ngamafuphi, ukulandelana kwemifino ekhulayo ku-hydroponics:
- Ukukhetha efanele i-hydroponics isiko;
- Ihlanganisa ukufakwa bese uthela okugcwalisa okungafakwanga ezinkomishini - ubumba olunwetshiwe, i-perlite, njll. (umdwebo wokufaka uvezwe ngezansi);
- Siyatshala imbewu;
- Sikhetha umanyolo ukwakha inhlanganisela yokudla okunempilo, kucatshangelwa izidingo zesiko elikhethiwe;
- Sinamathisela ukufakwa icompressor;
- Qedela futhi utshale izimbiza egxilile isixazululo izakhi.
Ukufakwa kuhlanganisiwe, futhi imbewu iyahlwanyelwa, ihlala ilawula izinga lesisombululo sezakhi futhi isike imifino ngesikhathi, lokhu kuzosheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga amasha. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezitshalo eziluhlaza, kuyinto efiselekayo hlela ukukhanyisa emuva usebenzisa ama-phytolamp akhethekile.
Ngenxa yokutholakala kwezakhamzimba, izitshalo zingagxilisa amandla azo ekuthuthukisweni.
Lezi zinto zenza ukuthi kukhule isitshalo esidala ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi njengoba ukwakheka kokudla okunempilo kulungile, imikhiqizo ithola zonke izinto ezidingekayo ezingatholakali enhlabathini ejwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amakhambi akhulile aphephe ngokuphelele, Ngemuva kwakho konke, azikho izidumbu, izinambuzane nezifo kusisombululo esenziwe ngokukhethekile.
Izindlela zokutshala izitshalo hydroponically ekhaya
Ngaphezu kokwakheka komsoco, i-substrate ekhethekile iyadingeka - isakhiwo esenziwe ngezinto ezinamaphaphu ezikwazi ukusebenza njengesihlanganisi sokwakheka kwezakhi.
Kepha kunezindlela zokutshala izitshalo ku-hydroponics, ezingadingi i-substrate nesisombululo samanzi:
- Indlela yokuqala. Kuqukethe iqiniso lokuthi izimbiza, lapho izimpande zezitshalo zikhona, zimiswe ngaphezu kwesisombululo sezakhi ukuze impande igxiliswe ekujuleni okuthile kuphela, enye ibekwe ngaphezu kwamanzi. Lapho uketshezi luhwamuka, lufakwa emanzini lufike ezingeni olifunayo. Le ndlela ilungele izitshalo ezidinga umoya-mpilo omningi ezimpandeni (ezinezimpande ezinamagatsha).
- Indlela yesibili. Kuyena kusetshenziswa izimbiza eziphindwe kabili, enye yazo ithululelwa isixazululo sezakhi. Amabhodwe amancane, agcwele i-substrate, aqukethe uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo. Ngaphansi nezindonga zebhodwe elincane, kuyadingeka ukwenza izimbobo lapho isixazululo sizongena khona. Qiniseka ukuthi izimpande zesitshalo azicwilisiwe ngokuphelele kuketshezi, kepha kuphela 2/3 ubude bazo.
- Indlela yesithathu. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-hydroponics engaphansi. Kuyinto elula ukuyisebenzisa uma ukhula imifino emiqulu emikhulu. Isiqukathi esikhulu (ugqoko) kufanele silungiswe futhi sigcwaliswe ngesisombululo sezakhi. Ipulatifomu le-foam elintanta ngaphezulu lehliselwa kwisisombululo. Izimbobo zinqunywa ku-foam, lapho izimbiza ezine-substrate kanye namakhambi atshalwe kuwo anciphisa.
Lolu hlelo lwe-hydroponic lusebenza kanjena - i-compressor aerator ibekwe ezansi kubhavu - kuyadingeka ukuxuba isixazululo nokuyigcwalisa nge-oxygen. Kuyadingeka ukushintsha ikhambi lezakhi ngezikhathi ezithile, kusukela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4 ukuhlushwa kwezakhi kuwo kuyancipha, futhi ingxenye ketshezi iyahwamuka.
Ukulungiswa kwezixazululo
Isixazululo somsoco sibalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesitshalo. Umsebenzi wawo ukuhlinzeka isivuno esikhulayo ngezakhamzimba ezidingekayo ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo. Manje kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi ezahlukahlukene zesisombululo samanzi sokwenza ikhaya ngezandla zakho.
Inketho elula ukuthenga isisombululo esenziwe ngomumo esitolo sezimbali. Kepha khumbula ukuthi ingadi ngayinye nesitshalo esiluhlaza kudinga isixazululo sayo ngokuqukethwe okuthile okunomsoco.
Ngalesi sizathu, thintana nomuntu onolwazi ngaphambi kokuthenga! Ngaphezu kwalokho, funda ngokucophelela imiyalo ekuphaketheni, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uthenge ngqo umuthi ofanele isiko lakho.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ebhodweni noma kuthileyi, ku-substrate ekhethekile, ukuze kuhlume ngokushesha, udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa lama-22 degrees kanye ne-substrate esimweni esimanzi. Ukwenza kube lula ukufakela izithombo esitshalweni se-hydroponic ngokuzayo, udinga ukusebenzisa i-substrate egezwa kalula kusuka ohlelweni lwempande. Ukwakheka okuqukethe i-25% yevolumu ye-vermiculite ne-78% ye-perlite kuyifanele le njongo. Le nhlanganisela ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine umswakama odingekayo wembewu.
I-substrate eyenziwe nge-peat moss isebenza kahle. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa inhlabathi ejwayelekile - kunzima kakhulu ukuyigeza ususe ezimpandeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukulinda kuze kube yilapho isithombo sinamaqabunga ama-2 weqiniso. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela kusuka ku-substrate. Uma uzizwa umelana, khona-ke umzamo awufanele, udinga ukuthatha isipuni esilula bese ukhetha ngokucophelela ihlumela nge-substrate. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimpande zigezwa ebhakedeni noma ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo kuze kususwe i-substrate ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho isithombo sitshalwe kabusha esitshalweni se-hydroponic, siqiniseke ukuthi izimpande zifakwa kusixazululo.
Kukhona ama-peat moss pellets noma amafayibha acindezelwe kakhukhunathi athengiswayo.
Indlela ye-hydroponic yemifino ekhulayo iyindlela enhle yokuthola indlela yenhlabathi yokutshala imifino. Inezinzuzo eziningi, isibonelo - ukungabikho komsebenzi, ikhono lokuthola isivuno efulethini elijwayelekile, ukungabi khona kwezinambuzane.