Ama-raspberries amnyama ayisimenywa esingajwayelekile phakathi kwabahlali bethu basehlobo nabalimi. Akekho omangazwa ukuhlukahluka okuphuzi. Kepha udadewabo omnyama uvame ukudideka ne-blackberry. Abazalisi bafuye izinhlobo zamajikijolo asengadini, amajikijolo amnyama, ngakho-ke kunzima kumuntu ongajwayele ukwehluka kwabo ukusho ngokuzethemba ukuthi aphi amajikijolo nokuthi akuphi amajikijolo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka izinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo amnyama aseCumberland, umehluko wawo namajikijolo, kanye nezindlela zokunakekelwa.
Umehluko phakathi kwamajikijolo amnyama namajikijolo
Ake sicabangele umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamajikijolo amnyama namajikijolo.
- Ukuze uthole ngokushesha ukuthi imuphi umuthi okhula phambi kwethu, udinga ukukhetha isithelo. Ama-raspberries, kungaba abomvu noma amnyama, anendawo engaphakathi engenalutho. Ijikijolo liyakhiwa, bese isitsha sihlala egatsheni. Esithombeni se-blackberry, isitsha siyaqhekeka kanye neberry, futhi asihlali singenalutho.
- Ngokuma kwamajikijolo amajikijolo afana kakhulu namajikijolo abomvu, enomumo ofanayo we-oblong. Isithelo esimnyama sinesimo se-hemispherical.
- Futhi ziyehluka ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Amajikijolo avuthwa kamuva. Yize amanye ama-cultivars angaba nesikhathi esifanayo sokuvuna.
- Uma ubheka izitshalo, ungathola umehluko ngeziqu. Amajikijolo aneziqu ezinde (ezingafika kumamitha amathathu) eziluhlaza ngameva aqinile. Isihlahla se-blackberry siminyene, sikhumbuza ngocingo lwentambo eqinile. Amajikijolo amnyama anamagatsha amafushane (kusuka kuhafu nohafu kuya kumamitha amabili nohhafu)... Iziqu zifushane, zincane futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala. Ameva abo mancane kunalawo amajikijolo.
I-raspberry-blackberry hybrid
Okusajingijolo okuwele ngejikijolo kubizwa ngokuthi iTayberry, eyalinywa eScotland ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa yekhulu elidlule. Itholakala njenge-hybrid yamajikijolo namajikijolo ngokufaka impova ezinhlotsheni zamajikijolo i-Aurora ngempova yokusajingijolo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhuliswe amajikijolo abomvu anombala onsomi, afinyelela kumasentimitha ayisithupha. U-Ezhemalina Tayberry udume ngesivuno sawo, ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga lezithelo.
Amahlumela anameva amancane akhula afike kumamitha amabili nohhafu. I-hybrid iveza isivuno kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ihlukile ekumelaneni nezifo, isithwathwa nezinambuzane. Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokunakekelwa nokuzala ziyafana nokulinywa kwamajikijolo avamile.
Umehluko phakathi kukaTayberry nojikijolo omnyama umbala wamajikijolo. Izithelo ze-Tisberry azinawo umbala ojulile omnyama wamajikijolo amnyama, kepha zibomvu kakhulu ngombala onsomi.
Izinhlobo zamajingijolo amnyama
Izinhlobo zokuqala zamajikijolo amnyama zakhiwa eMelika ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ezweni lethu, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithole ukuthandwa:
- Izinhlobonhlobo zeCumberland yiyona evame kakhulu, etholakala ngokuwela amajikijolo namajikijolo. Uyehluka ekukhiqizeni nasekuvuthweni kwasekuqaleni, unamahlumela amade anamandla amile njenge-arched shape. Amajikijolo amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namnyama anambitheka njengamajikijolo. Izihlahla ziyamelana nesithwathwa, zibekezelela ubusika baseRussia kahle, futhi ziyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
- Uhlobo lwesibili olusakazeke kakhulu, oluthandwa ngabalimi baseRussia - UBoysenberry. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zaziwa ngesivuno saso esikhulu sezithelo ezinkulu ezimnandi. Ukungabikho kwameva emahlumela amade kwenza ukuvuna kube lula. NjengoCumberland, uBoysenberry uqinile futhi kuyaqabukela ehlushwa izinambuzane nezifo.
- I-Logan entsha - okunye ukuhluka okufike kithi kuvela phesheya kwezilwandle. Yize ukuphakama kwayo kungeqi kumamitha amabili, kuveza isivuno esihle samajikijolo okuqala. Kepha ebusika, amahlumela awo kufanele ambozwe ngokucophelela kusuka eqhweni.
Izinhlobo ezivivinyiwe zokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe ziphikisana kahle nezinhlobo ezintsha ezakhiwe ososayensi baseRussia:
- Amalahle kungokwalabo izinhlobo zakuqala. Inesivuno esikhulu, kepha amajikijolo ayo mancane, amnandi futhi anomuncu.
- Ukuhlukahluka kwe-litach yeza kithi ivela ePoland, lapho yatholakala khona ngenxa yokukhethwa kwayo ngo-2008. Amajikijolo amancane ayindilinga anokuqhakaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izihlahla zihlukaniswa ngamahlumela amade anameva amakhulu.
- Isipho Siberia idume ngokuqina kwasebusika, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukutshala enkabeni yeRussia, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Amajikijolo amancane ahlukaniswa ngesakhiwo sawo esinyene nokunambitheka koshukela.
- Izinhlobo eziphakeme zokuvumela zifaka Luck and Turnukunikela ngama-kilogram ayisithupha ehlathini ngalinye. Amajikijolo abo awakhulu, kepha aminyene, futhi agcina ukwethula kwawo isikhathi eside.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zeCumberland
Sisebenzisa isibonelo sezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezisabalele ze-chokeberry emnyama, sizocubungula izici zayo. Amajikijolo amnyama kulezi zinhlobonhlobo makhulu, anesisindo esingu-5-6 amagremu. Isivuno esihlahleni esisodwa sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayishumi kuncike ekunakekelweni okufanele, okudlula ukuqoqwa kwamajikijolo abomvu noma aphuzi ehlathini.
Yize sikhuluma ngobulukhuni basebusika bamajikijolo anjenge-blackberry, kusanconywa ukumboza amahlathi ebusika, uwafafaze ngeqhwa. Ngenxa yokukhosela ebusika nokuvuthwa kokuqala, ama-raspberries amnyama anezimpande ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu eRussia. Okwezindawo eziphakathi nendawo neZwe Lomhlaba Olungewona Omnyama, kuyadingeka ukuthi uvikele emimoyeni ebandayo nakumahlaka uma ufika.
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zamajikijolo abomvu, amajikijolo amnyama anezimpande ezinamandla ezinweba imitha elilodwa nohhafu ukujula.
Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi abekezelele izikhathi ezomile kahle. Kodwa ukuntuleka kokunisela kuthinta kabi inani le-ovary futhi, ngokufanele, isivuno.
Izihlahla zeCumberland, ezinamachashazi avuthiwe nokuvuthwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ziyisithombe esihle, ngakho-ke zizoba umhlobiso kunoma iyiphi ingadi. Amahlumela abo amade afinyelela kumamitha amathathu, elenga phansi ngesimo semengamo. Umbala weziqu uthola ukuqhakaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengoba uvuthwa, futhi iziqu ngokwazo zimbozwe ameva.
Izinzuzo nokubi kwe-Black Raspberry
Yize ithandwa kakhulu, ama-raspberries amnyama ngezindlela eziningi aphakeme kunama-congeners awo - abomvu nephuzi. Ake sicabangele izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko:
- umkhiqizo ophezulu;
- ukumelana nesomiso;
- ukumelana nezinambuzane;
- ukungafuni ukwakheka kwenhlabathi;
- ingasebenza njengothango;
- ayakhi izimpande, ezivumela ukuthi zibekwe ngokukhululeka engadini;
- amajikijolo anezinto zokwelapha.
Izinkinga zamajikijolo afana ne-blackberry zifaka:
- ubunzima bakhe basebusika bungaphansi kwalobo obubomvu obuhlukahlukene;
- ungenwa yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo zamajikijolo
Cabanga ngezinto ezizuzisayo zama-raspberries amnyama eCumberland. Ngokwesilinganiso samavithamini nezinye izakhi zomzimba, amajikijolo amnyama angaphezulu kokubomvu nokuphuzi. Amajikijolo afana no-Blackberry adume ngokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwe-rutin (vitamin P), okudingekayo ekuqiniseni imithambo yegazi.
Ama-Anthocyanins aqinisa ama-capillaries, ahlanze imithambo yegazi kuma-sclerotic plaque. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo namaqabunga kunezinto ezinciphisa izinga le-prothrombin, elenza ukujija kwegazi kube kuhle. Amajikijolo acebile ngama-microelements - i-iron, i-manganese, ithusi.
Ukunambitheka kwabo kumnandi futhi kumuncu, kukhumbuza ijikijolo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo esinyene, izithelo zigcinwa izinsuku ezimbalwa, zikubekezelela kahle ukuhamba.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zeTayberry
Manje ake sikhulume ngokuchazwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo amnyama. Ukubonakala kwezihlahla kuhluke kakhulu kunesihlobo esivamile esibomvu. Amahlumela amade angaba amamitha amathathu ubude, kuya ngokuhlukahluka. Lezi ziqu ezinde zilenga eceleni, zakha ama-arched arches. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi benza i-garter yeziqu ku-trellis.
Amajikijolo amnyama angabangelwa ukuthi aneminyaka emibili ubudala, ngoba amahlumela e-lateral athela izithelo, akhula afike kumitha elilodwa.
Zakha ngeziqu zonyaka. Ngakho-ke, kulezi zinhlobo kuyadingeka ukwenza izihlahla ezifanele zamahlumela asemaceleni nokusika iziqu ezindala ekwindla. Iziqu zonyaka zisele, ezizonikeza amahlumela ezithelo ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ukulima nezindlela zokunakekela amajikijolo amnyama
Kuthenwa ekwindla
Ungayisika kanjani ama-raspberries amnyama? Kunconywa ukuthi uthene kabili phakathi nenkathi. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, ingxenye ephezulu yamahlumela inqunywa lapho kukhula ukukhula komuntu. Le nqubo izosheshisa ukwakheka kwamahlumela we-lateral fruiting. Amahlumela abuthakathaka ayasuswa, ukugwema ukuqina kwezihlahla.
Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, amahlumela aneminyaka emibili asuswa. Shiya unyaka, ofinyezwe waba uhhafu wemitha ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ukusabalalisa amajikijolo amnyama akunzima kangako. Ukukhiqiza kabusha, kusetshenziswa izingqimba ze-apical. Ngalokhu, ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngemuva kokuphela kokuthela, amahlumela amade atshekekile futhi iziqongo zibekwa emiseleni elungisiwe kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayishumi ukuwahlanganisa nomhlaba.
Mboza ngotshani kanye ne-sawdust evela phezulu. Entwasahlobo, ama-cuttings azothatha izimpande futhi akhiqize amahlumela asetshenziswa njengezithombo.
Ukutshala izithombo
Ukutshala izithombo ze-hybrid akuhlukile kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo. Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha indawo yokufika bese uyilungisa. Indawo kufanele ivikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo futhi libalele ngokwanele.
Ngokutshala ama-raspberries eduze kocingo, ungabanikeza ukuvikelwa emakhazeni nasekusekeleni ukukhula.... Ngasikhathi sinye, ingasebenza njengothango ngenxa yameva aqinile, lapho abantu abambalwa belinga ukuwabona.
Lapho ukhetha indawo, kubalulekile ukugwema ababandulelayo njengawo wonke ama-nightshades: amazambane, utamatisi, i-zucchini nabanye. Futhi, awukwazi ukutshala eduze kwamajikijolo abomvu. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe okungenani amamitha ayishumi.
Izitshalo ezilandelayo zensimu zizoba yizandulela ezinhle:
- isaqathe;
- upelepele;
- anyanisi ugarlic;
- ama-marigolds nama-marigolds.
Kuyadingeka ukuhlonipha ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla, kucatshangelwa ubude bamahlumela. Emgqeni owodwa, izihlahla zitshalwa ngesikhawu semitha eyodwa, naphakathi kwemigqa eseduze - amamitha amabili.
Yize amajikijolo amnyama engafuneki kakhulu enhlabathini, i-loams, umhlaba omnyama kanye ne-sandy loam yimihlabathi engcono kakhulu yokuthola isivuno esihle. Izithombo zitshalwa ekwindla (ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba) noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukutshala izithombo, kubalulekile ukulungisa umgodi ojulile ngemitha. Ingxube ye-humus (6-8 kg), i-superphosphate (200 g), i-potassium sulfate (80 g) yethulwa ezansi komgodi ngamunye. Umanyolo wamaminerali ungashintshwa ngomlotha wokhuni (0.5 kg). Ukwakhiwa kuhlanganiswe nomhlaba, kwenziwa isiduli. I-sapling ibekwe phezulu kwayo, izimpande ziqondiswa phansi, zifafazwe ngobumnene nomhlaba, kancane kancane uzihlanganise ngezandla zakho.
Intamo yesitshalo akufanele imbozwe ngomhlaba.
Ngemuva kokuchelela, umhlaba ozungezile uhlanganiswe ngokhuni lwe-sawdust, utshani, i-humus. Isendlalelo semithombo yesembozo kufanele okungenani sibe ngamasentimitha amahlanu.
Ukuthola izitshalo ezinamandla futhi ngasikhathi sinye ezihlanganayo, amahlumela amancane minyaka yonke ancitshwa ekuphakameni kwengxenye yemitha, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela asemaceleni.
Umanyolo
Kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo ezitshalweni njalo eminyakeni emithathu - cishe amakhilogremu amahlanu ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwezimbali, ukondla kokuqala kwenziwa ngokufakwa komquba (izingxenye eziyisithupha zamanzi zithathwa ngengxenye eyodwa yomquba) noma ubulongwe bezinkukhu (isilinganiso samanzi 1:16). Izinkuni umlotha (1 litre) ne-superphosphate (50 g) zengezwa ebhakedeni lokumnika. Ukugqoka okufanayo kwenziwa kabili - ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa nokuqala kokuvuna.
Ukuthambekela kwezifo nezinambuzane
I-Ezhemalina imelana kakhulu nezifo, ayingeni kalula ekuhlaselweni izinambuzane zezinambuzane kunokuba bomvu. Akuvamile ukuthinteka yisifo sesifo samajikijolo - ukuqothuka kwe-verticillary. Yisifo esingelapheki. Izihlahla ezithintekile ziyasikwa, zisishulwe bese zishiswa.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, i-ezemalina itshalwe ebangeni okungenani lamamitha ayishumi ukusuka kuma-raspberry abomvu. Ehlobo elina imvula, kunconywa ukuhlela amapayipi enhlabathi ukuvimbela izifo zefungal ukuthi zingakhuli. Ukuze kuvinjelwe, izihlahla zifuthwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi. Basebenzisa futhi ama-insecticide.
I-Ezhemalina ingathinteka yi-anthracnose, ezibonakalisa njengesiqhumane esimhlophe emaqabungeni.... Ukuze kulawulwe, kusetshenziswa isikhunta, isibonelo, iTopazi, iMikosan noma okunye okutholakala ngokuthengisa. Phakathi kwama-organic control agents, ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions asetshenzisiwe. I-decoction ye-horsetail izibonakalise kahle.
Ikhilogremu elilodwa lotshani lithelwa ngebhakede lamanzi, lifakwe usuku lonke. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ukwakheka kubilisiwe isigamu sehora. Ukuze kusetshenzwe, isixazululo esihlungiwe sihlanjululwa ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 5. IHorsetail ingashintshwa nge-nettle, kepha phikelela hhayi ngosuku olulodwa, kepha amasonto amabili. Ihlanjululwe ngesilinganiso esifanayo.
Kulezi zinambuzane, i-raspberry beetle iyingozi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela avuke ezihlahleni, ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-nitrophene (isixazululo esingu-2%). Ukwelashwa kwesibili kwenziwa lapho ama-flower buds evela ngokufakwa komhlonyane nomarigolds. Amagremu angamakhulu amabili amakhambi athululelwa ngebhakede lamanzi, aphikelelwe okungenani ngosuku.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona kulokhu okungenhla, okusajingijolo okumnyama kubhekisa kuma-nzalo ahlanganisa zonke izici ezinhle kakhulu zeribhisi elibomvu kanye nelibomvu. Amajikijolo awadumile nje kuphela ngokunambitheka kwawo okuhle, kodwa nangezici zawo zokwelapha. Izihlahla zihlukaniswa ngesivuno esikhulu, ukungathobeki. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube nzima kwabaqalayo ukunakekela i-berry emnyama.
Manje uyazi ukuthi okusajingijolo okumnyama kubizwa kanjani, uyazi izici zayo nezindlela zokunakekela i-hybrid.