I-Apricot yisikhathi esidala hhayi kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ikhula ngenjabulo ngabalimi bezindawo ezisenyakatho... Lesi sihlahla esihle esinezithelo ezishisayo sibaluleke kakhulu ngokulula kwaso, yize sigcinwa njalo entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ungayinakekela kanjani ibhilikosi entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla
Isihlahla se-apricot sidinga ukunakekelwa unyaka wonke, okubandakanya ukuchelela, ukondla, ukuthena. Kepha konke kuqala ngokulingana okufanele.
Ukutshala okulungile kuyisihluthulelo sokuvuna okuzayo
Ukutshala isihlahla se-apricot, indawo ephakeme ifanelekile, ivikelekile emakhazeni asenyakatho nasentshonalanga, ngamanzi ajulile angaphansi komhlaba. Ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho umoya obandayo, iqhwa nomswakama kunqwabelana khona, amabhilikosi awakwazi ukuphila. Abalimi baseSiberia nabase-Ural kufanele banake ikakhulukazi indawo yesihlahla "sokuhlala": entwasahlobo, lapho ukuncibilika kushintshana nesithwathwa, kunengozi enkulu yokuqongelela umswakama eduze kwesiqu nokubanda kwamakhola ezimpande.
Ukutshala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba efihlekile ikhule. Ukutshala imigodi kulungiswa kusengaphambili, okungcono kusuka ekwindla... Usayizi wazo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ungamasentimitha angama-70 - 80. Uma uhlela ukutshala izitshalo eziningana, shiya cishe amamitha ayi-4 - 5 phakathi kwemigodi.
Inhlanganisela yobumba enwetshiwe, isihlabathi kanye namatshe, noma ingxenye encane, kufanele ithelwe phansi. Lo “mqamelo” ubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza kahle kwamanzi.
Thela 1.5 - 2 amabhakede omquba obolile noma i-humus... Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa umanyolo wamaminerali - i-potash, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, kungenzeka ngokuhlangana. Ungangeza u-0.5 - 1 kg womlotha wokhuni kanye no-1 kg we-superphosphate. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakwenzi ngokweqile lapha: ibhilikosi lizobekezelela kangcono ukuntuleka kukamanyolo kunokuweqa ngokweqile... Umhlabathi ngokuqinisekile uthelwa ngaphezulu kukamanyolo ukuvikela abasha ekushisweni.
Ukutshala kukhethwa izithombo - ezinonyaka owodwa ezinesistimu yezimpande ezithuthuke kahleameva (isiphunzi esivela esitokweni), amahlumela ambalwa aqinile, ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo, akha ama-engeli ngesiqu esingaba ngu-450.
Izithombo zezinhlobo ezilinyiwe akufanele zibe nameva. Zijwayelekile kuphela kuma-apricot akhula endle.
Eduze kwesithombo, kungezwa isikhonkwane emgodini wokutshala. Kamuva, kunamathiselwa igatsha elitshaliwe kuso ukuze umuthi ukhule ume mpo, futhi kwakheke nesiqu.
Isithombo sehliselwa emgodini, izimpande zisatshalaliswa zifafazwe ngenhlabathi, kancane kancane nangokuchoboza inhlabathi. Ikhola lezimpande kufanele ligwaze ngomhlabathi... Ngemuva kwalokho, i-groove eyindilinga ihlelwa eceleni konqenqema lomgodi bese kuthelwa amalitha amanzi ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20.
Masinyane ngemuva kokutshala, ihlumela lisikwa libe ngu-40 cm ngaphezulu komhlaba... Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7, igatsha liboshwe ngokucophelela kusekelo.
Ochwepheshe banesiqiniseko sokuthi ibhilikotsi, elingaxhunyelelwanga, kodwa elikhule lisuka etsheni, lijwayela kangcono izimo zezulu, alifuneki kangako kubuchwepheshe bezolimo nokunakekelwa. Izithelo ezivela esihlahleni esinjalo ziyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ukunakekelwa kwesizini
Ngokwesikimu, ukunakekelwa kwama-apricot wonyaka kubukeka kanjena:
- Intwasahlobo - ukuthena, ukuhlanza ukulimala kwesithwathwa nokufakwa ngaphakathi kwephimbo lengadi, ukugcotshwa kwesiqu namagatsha wamathambo, ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukuchelela.
- Ehlobo - ukuthambisa, ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzane, ezitshalweni zabantu abadala - ukuxhaswa kwamagatsha anesisindo sokuvuna kwesikhathi esizayo.
- Ukuwa - ukwelashwa kukalamula okuphindiwe kwesiqu kanye namagatsha wamathambo, ukondla, ukulungiselela ubusika.
Ukuthena
Ukuthena izihlahla ze-apricot kwenziwa entwasahlobo... Susa:
- ukukhiqiza okufishane amahlumela wonyaka;
- amagatsha akhulayo ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi komqhele;
- buthakathaka futhi ukukhula ukuqina.
Ngakho-ke, umqhele uncishisiwe, kunikezwa ukukhanya okwanele okufanayo futhi kukhula ukukhula kwamagatsha athelayo.
Imvamisa, yakha umqhele onamagatsha amancane anamagatsha ayi-7-8 ohlelo lokuqala... Ngaphansi kokuvamile - ngesimo sesitsha esicwecwe ngaphezulu, umqhele onjalo unikela esivunweni sokuqala sezithelo ezinempilo. Uma ukutshala kutholakala ngasodongeni, kwakheka imiqhele yabalandeli, kusikwe amahlumela ohlangothini.
Izingane ezineminyaka engu-2-4 ubudala unqume ukukhula okungaphezulu konyaka nokungakhuli ngendlela efanele. Eminyakeni emi-2-3 elandelayo unciphise amagatsha cishe ingxenye yesithathu bese uzacile, wakhe umqhele. Ngaphezu kwalokho amagatsha athela izithelo asikwa minyaka yonke ngama-30% ubude... Susa amadala (angabe esathela), omisiwe, agobile, aphukile, aqina ngokungadingekile amahlumela amasha.
Izithelo ze-apricot zakhiwa ngobuningi, njengomthetho, emagatsheni eminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthena akumele kube namandla.
Lapho ukukhula konyaka kuncipha noma kuyeka, kudingeka ukuthenwa okulwa nokuguga.
Ukunisela
Ukwehla kwamanzi ezimpandeni kuphikiswa ne-apricot. Lokhu kugcwele ukubola kwabo nokufa kwesihlahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sitshalo sihlupheka ngezikhathi ezomile ngenxa yokushoda komswakama enhlabathini nasemoyeni. Isitshalo esidala kufanele siniselwe okungenani ama-4 ngesizini, kaningi ezinyangeni zasehlobo.
Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, chitha kakhulu okokuqala, okuvuselela izimbali eziningi. Ukuniselwa kabusha ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ekubukeni kwenani elikhulu lama-ovari kanye namahlumela amancane.
Ukunisela okwesithathu kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kwakhiwe izithelo ezinkulu, ngokunambitheka okuphezulu. Bese unisela, uma kunesidingo, ngaphandle kokuma. Kepha kusukela ngo-Agasti isihlahla siqala ukulungiselela ukulala, amandla okuchelela anciphile.
I-hydration yasekwindla neyangaphambi kobusika ayidingeki kuma-apricot futhi iyaphikiswa.... Okuhlukile kulapho inhlabathi isomile netafula lamanzi liphansi kakhulu kunezimpande zesihlahla.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ezingxenyeni zendabuko, isifunda saseMoscow esikhula ibhilikotsi sizimise njengomuntu obusika obuqinile. Kepha, izithombo ezintsha kanye nezihlahla ezincane, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinzima, zidinga ukufakwa.
Ukutshalwa kwonyaka kufakwe amagatsha, amagatsha esihlahla sonwele, umhlanga, kulungiswa konke kuhlaka. Izihlahla ezikhulile ziyi-spud, kanti iziqu (iziqu) zisongwe, isibonelo, ukugqekeza.
Ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ze-Apricot
Ama-aphid, amacimbi we-hawthorn, i-goldfish emnyama - lezi "yizitha" eziyinhloko zalo mhlali engadini.
- Against aphid sebenzisa i-dandelion, umlotha kanye ne-infusions yegwayi. Zifuthwa ezihlahleni ezithintekile neziseduze. Uma kunezintwala ezimbalwa, zingabhujiswa ngemishini, ngokuzala okuningi kwe-aphid, kungcono ukususa amaqabunga bese uwashisa.
- Ngamacimbi kavemvane we-hawthorn futhi ulwe ngomshini.
- Isibungu esimnyama segolide, Ixazululwe ohlelweni lwempande, iyakwazi ukubhubhisa isitshalo esidala. Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwesinambuzane ukwelashwa ekwindla kwamagatsha, isiqu kanye nesiqu sesiqu nge-Bordeaux liquid.
Izifo
Amabhilikosi, njengezinye izihlahla zezithelo, athinteka ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukhunta kanye namagciwane:
- Izifo ezibucayi ze-apricot - "ingxibongo" yonyaka, ukuqothuka kwegciwane, i-apricot mosaic.
- Isikhunta - i-cytosporosis, ukubola kwezithelo ezimpunga, ukugqwala.
Amagciwane athwalwa ngezandla zensimu noma ngamathuluzi engadi. ngakho-ke umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuvimbela - ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ahlanzekile ngokukhethekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene ehlobene nokugoma, ukusika, ukucubungula. Amathuluzi kufanele agezwe futhi abulawe amagciwane.
Ukugoma kuzovikelwa ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane kanye nama-bacteria ngokushisa imizuzu eyishumi ezingeni lokushisa cishe ngama-degree angama-50.
Kungani utshale ibhilikosi?
Izithelo izihlahla zisakazwa ngokuxhunyelelwa ukuze uthole izithombo ezinezimfanelo ezithuthukisiwe zezinhlobonhlobo.
Izinhlobo zaseningizimu ezinjengama-apricot zifakwe kulezo eziguqulelwa ezimeni ezinzima, ukwandisa ukumelana kwabantu baseningizimu nezimo ezibandayo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi utshale ibhilikotsi ku-cherry plum noma iplamu?
Esitokweni, udinga ukukhetha umuthi oqinile onempilo oneminyaka engama-3-6, nesiqu esingu-3-9 cm ububanzi... Kulungile kakhulu ukutshala ibhilikotsi esitokisini sezithelo zamatshe.
- Ukusetshenziswa okudumile kwe-cherry plum... Ukuxhunyelelwa kuthatha izimpande kalula, futhi ubumnandi be-cherry plum budluliselwa ezithelweni.
- I-Plum ibhekwa njengesitoko esiphumelelayo.... Ama-cuttings "awangqubuzani" futhi akhule ndawonye ngokushesha, isihlahla sikhula siqinile, akukho ukukhula okwakhiwa endaweni yokuxhunyelelwa.
- Ekujikeni, noma okungcono kunameva, ufakelo lwe-apricot luxhumekile eduze kwekhola lempande - ukunciphisa inani lokukhula kwezimpande.
- Ipentshisi lisetshenziselwa nokuxhunyelelwa, kepha izinga lokusinda libi kakhulu kunelama-plums nama-cherry plums, futhi le nketho ilungele kuphela izifunda eziseningizimu.
- okusamathunduluka kuyaqabukela kuxhunyelelwe, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kufanele uqinise amagatsha entekenteke abuthakathaka.
Kepha isitokwe esihle kakhulu sokusikwa kwe-apricot kusele elinye ibhilikosi.
Ungagoma nini esifundeni saseMoscow nakwezinye izifunda?
Ungatshala ibhilikosi kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla. Kubalulekile ukuthi isimo sezulu somile futhi sifudumele nelanga lifihlwe ngemuva kwamafu.
Ukugonywa kwentwasahlobo kunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu... Ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap okusebenzayo, ama-cuttings akhula ndawonye kalula futhi aphatha ukuqina ehlobo.
Ukugonywa ehlobo elifudumele nakho kuyisikhathi esihle.... Isikhathi esanele sokukhula ndawonye, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle isikhathi eside.
Ekwindla ngenkathi efudumele ungazama ukuxhumanisa isiqu. Kepha kunengozi enkulu yesithwathwa ngaphambi kokuba isikhulungwane sikhule kanye nesitoko futhi siqine. Izisiki ezinjalo ziyafa.
Ungasikhetha kanjani isitokwe esifanele
Isisekelo sokuxhunyelelwa nesihlahla esizayo yisitoko. Kuso, lesi sitshalo sizuza njengefa ukuzala, ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zemvelo, nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha isitoko sokusika amabhilikosi.:
- iyahambisana nge-scion, emelana nokubanda;
- ukungafuni ezimeni zomswakama womhlabathi;
- kushintshwe kuzici zesimo sezulu sendawo;
- onamandla ithuthukiswe uhlelo lwempande,
- angabi buthakathaka futhi angatheleleki izinambuzane noma ama-microorganisms, isitshalo esinempilo kuphela.
Kukhona izimpande ezitshaliwe, zasendle, ezibuthakathaka futhi ezinamandla, okwezimbewu kanye nembewu.
Okwesitoko, kukhethwa umuthi okhule ngokukhethekile, ukukhula kwasendle, isihlahla esiphukile, noma nje izinhlobo / isampuli engaphumelelanga.
Izindlela zokugoma
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuxhunyelelwa kwamabhilikosi:
- ngamagxolo;
- esigabeni se-lateral;
- ku-cleavage;
- ukuqhamuka;
- i-cupula ethuthukisiwe.
Ungayitshala kanjani ibhilikosi ngendlela efanele
Amahlumela we-Scion anqunywa ekupheleni kwekwindla. Ungasebenzisi amagatsha amancane, abuhlungu, abuthakathaka. Isongwe ngefilimu, ishiywe eqhweni ebusika, noma igcinwe egumbini elingaphansi endaweni ebandayo nenomswakama - sawdust, shavings, isihlabathi, peat, amanikiniki. Cwilisa ngaphambi kokufaka inoculation.
Ithuluzi elibukhali elihlanzekile, elingenamagciwane lisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izigaba.
Ukuhlunyelelwa okucacile
Isihlahla siyasikwa, kuhlukaniswa okuncane okungajulile phakathi nendawo. I-scion ifakwe kahle kuyo. Le ndlela isetshenziswa uma i-scion incane kakhulu kunesitoko..
I-Cupulka
Impande nesikali sobubanzi obulinganayo zilungele i-cupulae. Izingcezu zokusika zixhunywe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye futhi zilungisiwe... Inoculation enjalo ibukeka njengesiqu esisodwa.
Amagxolo ngokuxhunyelelwa
Ngokuxhunyelelwa, amagxolo asikiwe futhi ahlukaniswa kancane ezinhlangothini (njenge-fastener). Iscion sifakwa esiklebeni, amagxolo "avaliwe" futhi asongwe ngokuqinile.
Ukukhula nemithetho yokondla isihlahla
Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, udinga ukunakekela ibhilikosi. Njengezinye izitshalo, i-apricot yezithelo idinga ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe ngamanyolo ayisisekelo wamaminerali - i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, i-potash.
- Ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane entwasahlobo, kwethulwa u-50-70 g we-ammonium nitrate, ekwindla - ibhakede le-humus, umquba noma umquba, cishe u-140 g we-superphosphate 35 g we-potassium chloride.
- Amabhilikosi aneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala "Yondla" ingxenye ephindwe kabili yomanyolo.
- Eminyakeni engu-6-8 ubudala izinga lenyuswa kancane, futhi izihlahla ezineminyaka eyi-10 sezivele zidinga amabhakede ayi-8-9 wezinto eziphilayo, ama-250g kapotashi, ama-900g we-phosphorus kanye nama-400g omanyolo we-nitrogen.
Ukufafaza umqhele ekuqaleni kwekwindla Isixazululo esibuthakathaka somanyolo we-nitrogen sizothuthukisa ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo ezayo futhi sandise inani lama-ovari.
Amabhilikosi nawo adinga indlela ekhethekile. Entwasahlobo badinga ukondliwa ngezinto zokulandela umkhondo.: fafaza ngamanyolo aqukethe i-iron, i-manganese sulfate nezisombululo ze-boric acid.
Kuwusizo ukufafaza i-lime eslayishwe ngezikhathi ezithile esikhaleni sangaphansi komhlabathi bese umboza ngomquba.
Ibhilikosi idinga ukunakekelwa wensimu. Kepha ukhokhela ukunakekelwa ngokuvuna okuningi, okungajabulisa isihlahla ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila kwaso... Futhi njalo ehlobo kunuka intokozo ye-apricot enamanzi enelanga.