Leli yigama le-potassium nitrate - into yemvelaphi engaphili, ebhaliswe njengesengezo sokulondolozwa kokudla. Lo manyolo we-potash usetshenziselwa noma iziphi izitshalo ezingadini ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi. Imvamisa, i-potassium nitrate ingezwa njengokuhlanganiswa kokufaka umanyolo ezitshalweni ezingakwazi ukubekezelela i-chlorine.
Yini i-Potassium Nitrate
Kuyinhlanganisela kanambambili eyaziwa ngokuthi:
- i-potassium nitrate;
- i-potassium nitrate;
- i-potassium nitrate.
Le nhlanganisela imelwe yimpuphu yekristalu engenawo umqubuko nephunga. Ayishintshi futhi inezakhiwo ze-hygroscopic. Le nto incibilika kakhulu emanzini, ayinabungozi ezilwaneni. Ngendlela yayo yemvelo, into ingatholakala ngesimo se-nitrocalite yamaminerali, emaminerali amaningi eChile nase-East Indies. Ngamanani amancane, into ingatholakala ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni.
Umanyolo
Izici zamakhemikhali zokwakheka zinquma indawo yokusetshenziswa kwayo. I-potassium nitrate ifaka phakathi:
- i-nitrogen (amaphesenti ayi-13);
- i-potassium (amaphesenti angamashumi amane nane).
Isilinganiso esinjalo senza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo umuthi ngisho nangesikhathi lapho isitshalo sesivele siqhakaze futhi sakha i-ovary.
Izici nezinzuzo
Ukusebenzisa i-potassium nitrate kusiza izitshalo:
- ukusheshisa ukukhula;
- ukwandisa amandla okudonsa kohlelo lwempande;
- thuthukisa amandla okuphefumula kwamaseli;
- yenza kusebenze amasosha omzimba wesitshalo, azovikela isibalo esikhulu sezifo, abangele ukwanda kwezinga lesivuno;
- ukwandisa usayizi wezithelo, ukunambitheka kwabo kuzothuthuka;
- isikhathi sokulondolozwa kwesitshalo sizokhula;
- amajikijolo nezitshalo zezithelo ezingapheli kuzokwandisa ukumelana kwawo nesikhathi sasebusika nezimo zokushisa eziphansi.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona nezici ezingezinhle. I-potassium nitrate, etholakala ekudleni, iyakwazi ukuzimela iphenduke i-nitrite, eyingozi emzimbeni. Le nto yehlisa izinga le-oksijini egazini, ikhulise amathuba okuba ne-anemia nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Kukhona kungenzeka isifo sezinso, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini.
Isicelo engadini
Ngokuvamile, i-potassium nitrate isetshenziswa embonini yasemakhaya. Iqiniso ngukuthi kubhekwa njengomanyolo omuhle kakhulu wezitshalo. Isetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezithile ezingasabeli kahle ngeminye imanyolo. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izitshalo berry kanye ezisawolintshi, amagilebhisi, beet, ugwayi. Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqinisa izitshalo ezikhulele ukushisa noma igumbi. Kuzoqinisa uhlelo lwempande, kuqinise i-photosynthesis, futhi kuthuthukise ukwakheka kwezicubu.
Isidakamizwa sisetshenziswa ngendlela yezithasiselo zezimpande namakhasi. Lo manyolo uqukethe cishe i-chlorine, ngakho-ke ungasetshenziswa kumazambane, amagilebhisi, ugwayi nezinye izitshalo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Amaqathi kanye nama-beet, ama-currants, izimbali ziphendula kahle kumuthi.
Abalimi abanesipiliyoni abatusi ukusebenzisa i-saltpeter kuma-radishes, iklabishi namakhambi.
Ngesikhathi se-fruiting yamakhukhamba, zingasekelwa nge-potassium nitrate. Lokhu kuzokhulisa umkhiqizo wesitshalo, imifino ngeke inyuke ekukhuleni. Cishe konke ukudla kuzosetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa nokuvuthwa kwamakhukhamba.
Ukuhambisana neminye imanyolo
Akuvunyelwe ukuxubana nomanyolo ophilayo - i-peat, umquba, i-sawdust kanye notshani. Kumazambane neklabishi, lokhu kwakhiwa kusebenza kahle kanye neminye imanyolo. Kunconywa ukuxuba i-saltpeter neklabishi ne-calcium, futhi esimweni samazambane, i-phosphorus ingezwa kuyo. Izaqathe kanye ne-beet ziphendula kahle ku-saltpeter emsulwa, kepha i-calcium iyavunyelwa.
I-potassium nitrate kufanele isetshenziswe emhlabathini okhanyayo entwasahlobo, ngoba i-potassium ayigcinwanga kahle emhlabathini onjalo futhi igezwa ngokushesha. Umanyolo une-asidi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uwasebenzise ngokuhlangana ne-calcium noma i-lime. Ezindaweni ze-chernozem ezibonakaliswa ukusabela kwe-alkaline, i-potassium ayinayo imiphumela emibi ezitshalweni.
Ukugcina nokuqapha
I-potassium nitrate ibhekwa njengobuthi kubantu. Lapho usebenza, kufanele uthobele izidingo zokuphepha.
Isimo esikhulu ukugwema ukuhogela umuthi, sebenzisa umshini wokuphefumula. Ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa kuhlotshaniswa nengozi yokuyithola esikhunjeni noma emehlweni. Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ngezinto zokuzivikela - izibuko namagilavu. Ukugxila okuphezulu kukamanyolo kungadala ukushiswa ngamakhemikhali noma ukucasuka.
Uma i-potassium nitrate ihlangana nesikhumba, hlanza indawo ethintekile ngamanzi. Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe uma amehlo ethintekile - ayagezwa imizuzu eyishumi kuya kwengamashumi amathathu, ngenkathi kugcinwa izinkophe zivulekile. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuvakashela udokotela wezifo zamehlo.
Endabeni yokusha, kusetshenziswa i-antiseptic dressing. Ukuvakashela udokotela kubhekwa njengokufanele.
Futhi, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ngesikhathi sokugcinwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umkhiqizo ugcinwe uhlukaniswe nawo wonke umanyolo kanye namakhemikhali asendlini., esitsheni esivaliwe ngokuqinile. Isidakamizwa akufanele sivezwe yilanga.
I-potassium nitrate ibhekwa njenge-agent oxidizing ephendula kahle ngamakhemikhali avuthayo. Ngalesi sizathu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuma-pyrotechnics.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa, umuthi uqala ukubola, ukhiphe umoya-mpilo. Amathuba omlilo ayanda.
Abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi isivuno sincike enanini likamanyolo osetshenzisiwe. Kepha lokhu akunjalo neze. Lapho usebenza ne-potassium nitrate, kufanele kwenziwe izibalo ezinembile, kucatshangelwa uhlobo lwesitshalo, isikhathi sokukhula kwaso. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi kube nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekuvuneni kwaso, ngaphandle "kokugcwalisa" isivuno ngezakhi eziyingozi emzimbeni.