I-Walnut isiko eliseningizimu. Lesi sihlahla eside, esinqumayo sifuna kakhulu ukushisa, umswakama nokukhanya.... Ngokwesiko, iyakhula futhi ithele izithelo ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile lingehli ngaphansi kuka- + 10 ° C (i-Asia Minor neCentral, iCaucasus, iNhlonhlo yaseBalkan). Ngakho-ke, ukutshalwa kwama-walnuts ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia kugcwele ubunzima. Indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo kungaba ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezikhiqizwe ngokukhethekile. Okokuqala phakathi kwabo i-Ideal walnut.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zewalnut Ideal
Inkinga ebucayi yokutshalwa kwenalithi yendabuko ukungena kwayo ekubambezelekeni ekuthela izithelo. Imvamisa, isithombo siqala ukukhiqiza kuphela ngesishiyagalombili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngonyaka weshumi nanhlanu wokuphila.... Ngakho-ke, emuva maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, abalimi bathola umsebenzi: ukukhipha ama-walnuts aqala ukukhula.
Le nkinga yaxazululwa ngo-1947 ngabalimi bama-walnut abavela eFergana (Uzbekistan). Inhlonipho yokuvula izinhlobonhlobo ze-Ideal ingeyomfuyi uS.S. UKalmykov.
I-Walnut Ideal ibonakala ngezimfanelo ezilandelayo:
incazelo ejwayelekile | Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhula kancane, azikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-4-5. Amagxolo anempunga, kumahlumela aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala - ansundu, kumahlumela wonyaka - mpunga-oluhlaza okotshani, onobumba obumfushane. Amaqabunga aphakathi. Kumahlumela emifino atholakala ngumoya, kokuthela izithelo - engxenyeni engezansi yesibhamu awathuthuki kangako, ngesikali. |
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Ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni | Ibonisa izithelo zokuqala esevele onyakeni wesi-2 wokuphila. Ukuvuna okuhle kungatholakala kusukela ngonyaka we-5. |
Izimbali | Izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani, eziqoqwe kubhulashi, ama-9-15 pcs. Impova yomoya, i-dioecious. |
Izithelo | Okukhulu (ngokwesilinganiso esingu-10 g), okusaqanda, negobolondo elincanyana. I-kernel ilula, kulula ukuyikhipha. Buya kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba. |
Izici ze-fruiting | Iphatha ukwakha izitshalo ezi-2 ngonyaka. |
Veza | Phezulu, kufika ku-120 kg isihlahla ngasinye. |
Ukumelana nesithwathwa | Okuphakeme, kuze kufike ku -35 ° C. |
Ukumelana nezifo | Ukumelana ne-chlorosis. |
Inhlabathi efunayo | Iyakwazi ukukhula enhlabathini ene-asidi noma usawoti. Ayikubekezeleli ukwenzeka okuseduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. |
Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezinzuzo ze-Ideal walnut, ungabala:
- ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni;
- Veza;
- ukuhlangana kwesihlahla;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukungathobeki;
- ukumelana ne-chlorosis;
- amandla okwenza izitshalo ezimbili ngesizini ngayinye.
Ngeshwa, ukuhlukahluka kwe-Ideal akuhlukile ngokuqina uma kuqhathaniswa namafomu wendabuko. Uma i-walnut ejwayelekile ingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100, ikhula ngokushesha - cishe ngama-40-50 kuphela.
Okunye ukuphazamiseka ukuthi izimbali, eziwela ngaphansi kweqhwa elibuyayo entwasahlobo, zivame ukonakala. Ngenhlanhla, ikhono lokuqhakaza kwesibili likhokhela lokhu kusilela.
Izimbali zesibili zivame ukuqala amasonto ama-1-2 ngemuva kwegagasi lokuqala futhi zihlala kulo lonke ihlobo. Ngakho-ke, zonke izigaba zingabonwa ngasikhathi sinye esihlahleni esisodwa ngenkathi: ukuqhakaza kwezimbali, ukwakheka nokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Izici zokuzala
I-walnut ekahle isakazwa yimbewu noma ngokuxhunyelelwa. Inqubo yokuyikhulisa kusuka ezimbewini iyathakazelisa futhi inesici sokufuna ukwazi.: amantongomane kufanele abekwe emgodini osondelene, izingcezu ezi-4. Lapho-ke izithombo zizokhula ndawonye zenze isitshalo esinamandla nesingazweli.
Izithelo ze-Walnut zitshalwa ngaphambi kobusika noma entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuba iqhwa licibilike. Endabeni yesibili, kuyadingeka ukwahlukanisa amantongomane esihlabathini esimanzi izinyanga eziyi-1.5 ezingeni lokushisa elingu- + 7 ° C futhi utshale okokuhluma osekuvele kumile. Izithelo zivaliwe emigodini ejulile ngo-10 cm.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukukhula kwezithombo kuhamba kancane. Ngekwindla, zikhula ziye kumasentimitha ayi-15-20 kuphela. Kodwa entwasahlobo elandelayo, inadi ikhombisa "ukukhula okuthuthukayo". Lapho ukuphakama kwesithombo kudlula imitha, ungalinda izimbali zokuqala.
Kungcono ukutshala ama-walnuts ngama-cuttings.... Indlela yokuqhamuka nayo iyasetshenziswa, kepha amahlumela ahlanganisiwe kungenzeka aphume ebusika. Ubuciko be-walnut abuphumeleli ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke ungathola izithombo ezizenzekelayo uma usuthengiswa kunasesiphunzi.
Ukukhethwa kwesampula
Noma kunjalo, lapho ukhetha phakathi kwesithombo esinezimpande ezizimele kanye nesitshalisiwe, kungcono ukhethe okwakamuva. Iqiniso ukuthi kuzithombo eziningi ezitholwe embewini, abalingiswa abahambelani namafomu wabazali. I-Walnut isitshalo esinezimpandefuthi imbewu kungenzeka ingagcini ubuhle bezinhlobonhlobo.
Lapho uthenga isithombo, udinga ukunaka isimo saso. Noma yikuphi ukulimala kwegxolo, uhlelo lwezimpande olubuthakathaka, ukubola ezimpandeni kufanele kuqaphele. I-Walnut vele ayikubekezeleli ukufakelwa kahle., futhi "amabala abuhlungu" angeziwe angenza le nqubo ilimaze isitshalo.
Kungcono ukukhetha izithombo ezinezimpande ezivaliwe. Ukufakelwa kabusha kusuka esitsheni kanye nebhola lobumba kuzogcina ukukhula kanye nezindawo zokudonsa izimpande ziqinile.
Amandla we-walnut wokunqamula impova anikeze umfutho ekuveleni ngesisekelo se-Ideal yezinhlamvu eziningi eziyizimfundamakhwela. Ukuhlolwa okuphumelele kule ndlela kwenziwa eSaratov, eKrasnodar Territory kanye nedolobha laseSlavyansk, esifundeni saseDonetsk.
Ukutshala i-walnut: imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Indawo yokutshala isithombo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle futhi ivikeleke emimoyeni ebandayo esenyakatho. I-walnut ayikwazi ukuma ukuqina, futhi umqhele wayo usakazeka impela, ngakho-ke udinga ukubuyela emuva okungenani amamitha ama-5 ukusuka kwezinye izihlahla noma izakhiwo.
Ngaphandle kokumelana nezinhlobonhlobo ezifanelekile enhlabathini ene-asidi, kuzozizwa kungcono kuma-sod-carbonate loams. Izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinamanzi ngeke zihambisane naye.
Ukutshala isithombo se-walnut kufaka phakathi imisebenzi eminingana futhi kwenziwa ngokwalolu hlelo:
- Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi:
- Ngosuku lokutshala isithombo, kumbiwa umgodi wokutshala. Akudingekile ukuyipheka kusengaphambili ukuze inhlabathi ingomi. Usayizi womgodi - 60 * 60 cm... Uma inhlabathi ingavundile, usayizi unyuka ufike ku-100 * 100 cm.
- Isendlalelo esivundile sisuswe ngenkathi kumbiwa umgodi, exutshwe ne-peat nomquba ovuthiwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1: 1.
- Ingxube yenhlabathi ithuthukiswe ngamanyolo: ufulawa we-dolomite - 500 g, superphosphate - 600 g.
- Ukulungiselela isithombo ngesistimu yezimpande evulekile:
- Isikhulumi sobumba senziwa: engxenyeni eyodwa yomquba obolile ngokuphelele, izingxenye ezintathu zobumba ziyathathwa, zihlanjululwe ngamanzi ukuze kube nokuvumelana okunokhilimu kanye ne-stimulator yokwakheka kwezimpande ("Heteroauxin" noma "Kornevin") ingeziwe.
- Izimpande zesithombo zifakwa ebhokisini lokuxoxa futhi washiya isigamu sehora ukuze ome.
- Ukutshala isithombo:
- Ekujuleni komgodi support ifakiwe... Ingxube yenhlabathi ithelwa esidulini.
- Isithombo sibekwa ngaphezulu kwendunduma yokutshala... Izimpande ezingezansi zisatshalaliswa emithambekeni futhi zimbozwe ngokucophelela ngenhlabathi evundile. Lawa aphezulu abekwe ngokuvundlile - ukuze ukujula kokutholakala kwawo kusendaweni engu-7-8 cm.
- Ukuma kwekhola yezimpande kuyahlolwa... Kufanele kube ngu-3-5 cm ngaphezulu komhlaba.
- Isithombo silungisiwe ekusekelweni.
- Umbuthano wesiqu uyaniselwa futhi kuboshiwe.
Uma isithombo sesiqukathi sathengwa, khona-ke sidinga ukususwa esitsheni kanye negoda lomhlabathi bese sidluliselwa emgodini wokutshala. Ngemuva kwalokho, vala ngengxube yenhlabathi elungisiwe namanzi.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ama-walnuts intwasahlobo. Uma isithombo sitshalwe ekwindla, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kungakadluli inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokufika
Emasontweni amabili emva kokutshala, isithombo samantongomane kufanele siniselwe kahle. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi - 15-20 amalitha... Uma lesi sifunda singesona esendawo enomswakama owanele, ngokuzayo, kuzodingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sesiyingi esiseduze. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo, kepha kungabi ngokweqile.
Isithombo se-walnut I-Ideal idinga ukwakheka komqhele. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ungenza ukuthena kokuqala ngokushesha. Uma ekwindla, ungakuhlehlisa kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Engadini ejwayelekile, inadi yakhiwa yaba "isitsha"... Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha amagatsha ama-skeletal ayi-3-4 futhi unqume umqhubi ophakathi ngenhla kwaleyo engenhla.
Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthena kuzodinga ukwenziwa minyaka yonke. Umgomo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisa okuphezulu kwazo zonke izingxenye zomqhele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa wonke amagatsha amadala nokuqina. Ama-Walnuts athela izithelo ekukhuleni kwaminyaka yonke, futhi yibo abadinga ukunikezwa ilanga kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwefungal, umuthi ufuthwa ngezikhathi ezithile nge-1% Bordeaux liquid.
Ngokulungiselela okujwayelekile ebusika, inathi iyamiswa kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti. Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, zonke izithelo ziyasuswa futhi iziqongo eziluhlaza zamahlumela ziyasikwa... Le nqubo izophoqelela isitshalo ukuthi siguqule amandla kusuka kuzinqubo zokukhula ziye ekuvuthweni kwezinkuni.
Ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi be-amateur
Endaweni yethu yasePrimorsky, i-Ideal walnut yasinda ebusika ngamaqhwa angamashumi amathathu futhi yathela izithelo ngokujwayelekile minyaka yonke. Baqoqa amabhakede ama-4-5 ezihlahleni ezimbili. Angibazi ubudala bezihlahla, sathenga isiza nazo. Ingosi yepulazi
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu - i-carpal, ekhula ngokushesha. Kuyadabukisa, kunzima ukukuthola ngendlela yayo "emsulwa". Kunezinhlanganisela eziningi ezisuselwa ku-Ideal. Futhi i-carp, kepha amantongomane awanjalo. Iforamu-amagilebhisi
NgoFebhuwari-Mashi, kwakukhona isimo sezulu "sokusha" esifundeni saseMoscow. Amagxolo ayeshiswa aze afike ku-15º emini, kuthi ebusuku abanjwe yiqhwa. I-Walnut Ideal yavela yazwela, iqandiswa ngaphezu kwezinga lekhava leqhwa. Kuyadingeka ukwenza mhlophe ubude be-bole. Iforamu Anastasia
Isiphetho
Khulisa i-walnut ku-Middle Lane noma kwezinye izindawo ezingaseningizimu neRussia Kuyinselele yangempela. Izinhlobonhlobo ezifanelekile zixazulula ngempumelelo. Vele, njengoba ilanga linamabala, ngakho-ke i-Ideal ingaba namaphutha. Kepha izinkinga eziningi zingagwenywa ngokugcina imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo baleli siko elihle.