Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-cherry plum emhlabeni, ezihluke ngosayizi nenani lezithelo, isikhathi sokuvuthwa, kanye nezinye izimfanelo eziningi. Enye yezinto ezihamba phambili phakathi kwazo yizinhlobonhlobo zeKuban comet cherry plum,incazelo yayo ingatholakala ngezansi.
Umlando we-cherry plum yokuzalanisa i-Kuban comet
Izinhlobonhlobo zeKuban comet zakhiwe nguG.V. U-Eremina noSN. UZabrodina esiteshini sokuzama ukuzalanisa iCrimea se-All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry eqanjwe ngo-N.I. UVavilov. Kwazalwa ngenxa yokuwela kweSkramoplodnaya iplamu nePionerka cherry plum... Okokuqala, ngo-1977, lokhu kuhlukahluka kwathathwa ukulingwa kombuso. Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 yangena kwiRejista Yombuso yezifunda zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, Central Black Earth, North Caucasus naseLower Volga.
Izici zesihlahla nezithelo, incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, impova
Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingaphansi, njengomthetho, azikho ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu futhi zenziwe ngendlela yokuthi zibukeke njenge-shrub. Izihlahla zinombala ompunga namagatsha amafushane. Amaqabunga aluhlaza ayacwebezela futhi awashisi. Amaqabunga ezimbali angaba amancane ngosayizi ophakathi namacembe amhlophe.
Izithelo ezinkulu. Isisindo sabo esiphezulu cishe ngama-gramu angama-45.... Ziyi-round-ovoid. Isikhumba esisezithelweni, yize sincane, kepha siminyene, futhi sine-waxy enamathela kancane. Lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa, ziqala zibe bomvu ngokuphuzi, okujika kancane kancane kube yi-burgundy. Imbewu ingaba yincane noma iphakathi. I-pulp iphuzi ngombala futhi inokuvumelana okune-fibrous. Inamanzi, ngesilinganiso esihle sikashukela kanye ne-asidi, ngenxa yokuthi inokunambitheka okumuncu okumnandi okufana nebhilikosi.
Izithelo ezivuthwe ngokweqile aziwi isikhathi eside, futhi futhi zinokuthuthwa okuhle. Uma bengawutholanga umbala we-burgundy oyifunayo esihlahleni, bazowuthola ekugcineni. Ungazigcina esiqandisini izinsuku ezingaba ngu-25.
Izinhlobonhlobo zalesi sihlahla ziyamelana nesithwathwa, zingamelana nesithwathwa esingafika kuma-degree angama-30... Kepha ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezimbali kungaphansi kwesilinganiso, kepha noma kubanda kakhulu, isivuno sisazoba sihle. Izimbali futhi zisinda kalula emakhazeni asentwasahlobo.
Lesi sihlahla asidingi lutho emhlabathini futhi singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene ukusuka eTranscaucasus kuye esiFundeni Somhlaba Ongekho Mnyama kanye naseNingizimu Urals, South, Primorye. Kodwa-ke, ubumba nenhlabathi e-loamy ayimfanele impela.
I-pollinator ye-Kuban comet ayidingeki, ngoba lokhu kuhlukahluka kunekhwalithi yokuzala okungajwayelekile ku-cherry plum, kepha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzala eduze kwabo, kuzoba wusizo ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo ze-cherry plum noma i-Chinese plum. Isibonelo, njengeMara, iTraveler, iRed Ball nezinye.
Amagama okuvuthwa nokuvuna
Ama-sapling athela izithelo kusenesikhathi, eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu emva kokutshala... Baqala ukuqhakaza ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, futhi maphakathi noJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, izithelo sezivele ziyavela.
Izihlahla zithela izithelo eziningi minyaka yonke. Isibonelo, esihlahleni esincane ungaqoqa cishe ama-10 kg, kanti kwesinye esikhulu cishe ngama-50 kg.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinhlobo zeKuban comet zinezinzuzo zayo, nazi ezinye zazo:
- izithelo ezinkulu,
- isivuno esikhulu,
- ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni,
- ukumelana nesithwathwa,
- ukuzala okuyingxenye,
- imelana nezifo,
- uma izithelo zivuthwa ngokweqile, aziwi isikhathi eside futhi aziqhekeki,
- izithelo zimnandi.
Kepha izinhlobonhlobo aziphelele, futhi zinezinkinga zazo:
- ithambo lihlukaniswe kabi nomgogodla,
- ukuqinisekisa ubukhulu bezithelo, zidinga ukunqunywa, kushiye isikhala esithe xaxa, eduze komunye nomunye,
- izithelo zivuthwa ngokungalingani.
Imithetho yokufika
Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla.... Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha izithombo ezifanele. Kungcono ukuzikhetha ngohlelo lwempande oluvaliwe.
Isithombo esihle sinezici ezilandelayo:
- ukuphakama kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1.20 wamamitha,
- impande iqukethe izimpande eziningi ezinamagatsha amancane,
- kunezinso ezivuvukile
- amagxolo kufanele angabi nomonakalo, amabala neminonjana yezinambuzane,
- kuyadingeka ukuthi ukusika kumanzi, kuphuzi okuluhlaza okotshani.
Lapho kukhethwa isithombo, kunqunywa nendawo okutshalwa kuyo.
Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ngesakhiwo ohlangothini oluseningizimu. I-coman Kuban ayithandi isithunzi, okusalungiswa nemimoya enamandla. Kuhle ukumtshala lapho ezoba nendawo yokukhosela ngendlela yodonga.
U-Alycha uzothanda inhlabathi enesihlabathi futhi ene-asidi encane. Kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukuxuba inhlabathi yokutshala ne-humus (12 kg), superphosphate (250 amagremu) ne-potassium sulfide (amagremu angama-50). Umgodi wokutshala udinga ukumba u-80x80x80 cm.
Izigaba zokutshala:
- Ingcosana yomhlaba ithelwa emgodini ngesimo segquma elincane.
- Faka induku yokhuni.
- Ikhola lezimpande lifakwa ku-6 cm ngaphezulu ukusuka emhlabathini.
- Ukuminyaniswa komhlaba.
- Isithombo siboshelwe endukwini ebekiwe.
- Fafaza ngamabhakede amanzi amabili noma amathathu.
- Ekugcineni, kuthululwa ama-chips ngaphezulu.
Endabeni yokutshala izihlahla eziningana, udinga ukunamathela ebangeni lamamitha amathathu phakathi kwazo.
Nakekela inkanyezi enomsila yeKuban
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithanda umswakama kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ziniselwe ngaphezulu ngenkathi yokukhula. Lokhu bakwenza ngoJuni, Julayi nangoSepthemba. Isihlahla esisodwa sidinga kuze kufike kumalitha angama-40 amanzi. Ngemuva kokuchelela, qiniseka ukungeza ukushefa.
Isihlahla siyagawulwa noma sifinyezwe minyaka yonke bese kuthi umqhele uncishiswe. Imvamisa benza ifomu eligaxwe noma elifakwe esitsheni.
Ukuthenwa okuyinhloko kwenziwa entwasahlobo.... Ngalesi sikhathi, umqhele uyakhiwa bese kunqunywa amagatsha afriziwe nolimele. Ekwindla, amagatsha omile, ahlelayo futhi agulayo ayanqunywa. Ukuthena kwehlobo kwenziwa uma kunesidingo, ngenkathi kusikwa amahlumela amancane akhula ngaphakathi komqhele.
Inkanyezi enomsila yeKuban kumele ivundiswe minyaka yonke... Okuhlukile kuphela unyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala isihlahla, uma sitshalwe enhlabathini eyondlekile.
Ukuvundisa kwenzeka kanjena:
- ekwindla Thela i-humus ngesilinganiso sehhafu sebhakede ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele,
- emva kokuba isihlahla sesiphelile, engeza amagremu angama-40 e-urea ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele,
- ngemuva kokuthela ivundiswe nge-potassium sulphate, amagremu angama-30 ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele.
Isihlahla esincane, eminyakeni yokuqala yempilo yaso, kufanele simbozwe ebusika, isibonelo, nge-burlap.
Akuvunyelwe ukwenza indawo yokuhlala nge-polyethylene. Akufanele ufake i-Kuban comet ngotshani noma ngotshani, ngoba amagundane angahlala lapho.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Kuban comet imelana nezifo futhi uma inakekelwa kahle futhi yelashwa ngesikhathi, ngeke kube nenkinga. Inkinga ukuthi izinambuzane nezifo ezivela ezihlahleni ezingomakhelwane ziya kulo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuthinta izinhlobo ezifanayo zezifo njengeplamu evamile.:
- ukubola okumpunga,
- indawo ensundu,
- ukugqwala,
- ukugeleza kwezinsini.
Ukubola okumpunga
Isikhunta iBotrytis sibangela ukubola okumpunga. Indawo yokuzalwa yokutheleleka yi-sclerotia ne-conidia, esemhlabathini futhi ichitha udoti.... Endabeni lapho lesi sifo sithinta inkanyezi enomsila yeKuban, amagatsha aqala ukubuna bese kuvela ubala onsundu kuwo, bese kuvela amagxolo nezithelo okuncane okumpunga. Izithelo ziqala ukubola.
Ukubhubhisa ukubola okumpunga, izihlahla zifuthwa nge-sulfate yethusi kanye neNitrofen ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, okudinga ukwelashwa ngokhuni nomhlabathi. Futhi ngemuva kokuqhakaza, iKaptan neKuprozan kuyasetshenziswa.
Ukuvikela lesi sifo, izihlahla kufanele zifafazwe ngamalungiselelo anjalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo:
- 1% uketshezi lwe-burgundy
- ibhulukhwe yezithelo ezithintekile,
- mhlophe.
Indawo ensundu
Ibala elinsundu, noma libizwa nangokuthi isikhunta seqabunga, naso siyisifo sokukhunta. Kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa yayo, cishe u-50% wesitshalo ungafa.... Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuvela emaqabungeni amachashazi ansundu anomngcele omnyama, onamachashazi amnyama maphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga ayoma futhi awe.
Izihlahla ezilwa nesikhunta esinsundu kufanele ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-burgundy esingu-1% masinyane lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuqhakaza nethusi i-chloride emasontweni amabili noma amathathu ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Izenzo zokuvimbela ukusiza ukuvimbela ukugula zimi kanje:
- udinga ukususa amagatsha alimele,
- ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze, udinga ukufafaza isihlahla nenhlabathi nge-1% yethusi sulfate.
Ukugqwala
Olunye uhlobo lwezifo zefungal ukugqwala. Kulesi sifo, kuvela amabala agqwalile emaqabungeni, agcina ephenduke amapads amnyama.... Lesi sihlahla silashwa ngokugqwala eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaJulayi. Ungasebenzisa i-Aktofit. Izihlahla zifuthwa nazo izikhathi ezimbili ngekhefu lamaviki angu-2-3.
Ukuvimbela ukugqwala ekuhlaseleni i-Kuban comet, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- Isixazululo se-3% se-carbamide sifuthwa esihlahleni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo,
- lapho amaqabunga ewa, ayaqoqwa bese ayashiswa.
Ukwelashwa kwezinsini
Ingozi ukuthi inganciphisa noma imise ukukhula kwesihlahla, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ize isishabalalise.
Ukwelashwa kwezinsini akusona isifo sokukhunta. Zingaba khona izizathu eziningi zokwenzeka kwayo. Nazi ezivame kakhulu:
- izimo ezinzima zasebusika, ngenxa yokuthi umuthi waoma,
- ukusha okutholakele elangeni,
- ukuthena okungalungile, ngenxa yokuthi umuthi walinyazwa,
- imishini ukulimala kwegxolo,
- kukhulu ngokweqile ukufaka umanyolo nokunisela,
- ukutheleleka kwesihlahla bark ibhungane.
Uma uhlola isihlahla, ungabona i-gum (protrusions of amber resin) emagatsheni aso, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isihlahla siyathinteka yilesi sifo. Ungaphatha i-Kuban comet kulesi sifo isizini yonke.... Ngemuva kokuthena, qiniseka ukusebenzisa i-petrolatum ezigabeni. Futhi unqume ukukhula kwezinsini. Indawo abebekuyo kufakwa isibulali magciwane ngesisombululo se-1% se-copper sulfate futhi embozwe nge-Negrol putty.
Ukuze ungabhekani nokugeleza kwezinsini isikhathi eside, udinga ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- i-asidi yenhlabathi kufanele ingathathi hlangothi,
- ukunamathela ngokuqinile esikhathini sokukhulelwa,
- gwema ukuminyana kwamanzi.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezithanda ukuzuza kwi-Kuban comet, ezivame kakhulu:
- izithelo zomuthi,
- entshonalanga ibhungane ibhungane,
- imbungu kasilika,
- inundu.
Izithelo zomuthi
Endabeni lapho kunokugeleza kwezinsini esihlahleni, nezindinyana ezivundlile ezinobubanzi obungu-1 kuya kwamabili amamilimitha ziyabonakala emagatsheni nasesiqwini, kusho ukuthi isithelo somuthi sihleli esihlahleni.
Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda, abesifazane badla izicubu ezansi kwezinso. Lapho izibungu zivela, zidla amagxolo nezimpande. Ukubhubhisa lezi zinambuzane, umuthi ufafazwa ekugcineni kwezimbali.... Ukwelashwa kwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngekhefu lezinsuku eziyi-14.
Ukuze umuthi wezithelo ungaweli esihlahleni, udinga ukubona amagatsha owomile bese uwashisa ngokusheshab. Amagxolo ahlanze ubulembu nomhlonyane, kanti isihlahla sihlanjululwa.
Ibhungane lase-Western elingabhangqiwe
Ungakhathazeki ngokudla amagxolo, kanye nezinkuni zalesi sihlahla kanye nebhungane elingakhanjwanga elingasentshonalanga. Amabhungane abekela amaqanda nezibungu, kuthi ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, zimunce iziphuzo zazo esihlahleni. Kuyadingeka ukucubungula isihlahla lapho izinambuzane ziphuma ngaphansi kwegxolo. Ukubenza bafe, kungcono ukumanzisa amagxolo ngeDichlorvos noma iChlorophos.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukubukeka kwalezi zinambuzane zimi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- amagatsha athintekile anqunywa futhi ashiswe,
- uma isihlahla sithinteka kakhulu yilesi silokazane, kungcono ukusisiphula bese usishisa,
- ngaphambi kokuba isihlahla siqhakaze, kufanele silashwe nge-Trichlorol-5.
Umbungu kasilika ophansi
Kulimaza amaqabunga enkanyezi enomsila ebizwa ngeKuban comet, futhi izindwangu zawo nezimfece kungatholakala emiqheleni. Isihlahla sifuthwa ngalesi silokazane ngesikhathi sokukhula. Isidakamizwa i-Virin-ENZH sizosiza ngalokhu. Futhi udinga ukuqoqa izinambuzane namakhokho ngesandla, ngemuva kwalokho kuyashiswa noma kungcwatshwe emgodini, kungabi ngaphansi kwesigamu semitha ukujula.
Ukuvimbela ukubonakala komsundu ophansi, udinga fafaza ngeNitrofen ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kwamafiqubu.
Izithelo inundu
Esinye isilokazane esiyingozi yinundu, esizalela amaqanda ebusweni begxolo noma izithelo. Izibungu zalesi sinambuzane zingena ezithelweni, ziba ne-wormy bese ziyawa. Kuyadingeka ukucubungula umuthi kusuka enundu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 usuphelile... Ukufafaza kwenziwa izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-12, ngamalungiselelo afana ne-Avant, Rogor-S, Fosban neDitox.
Ukuvimbela ukuzala okuqhubekayo kwenundu, ekwindla, bahlanza amagxolo ezibungu namakhokho, baqoqe izithelo eziwile, futhi basebenzise namabhande okubamba.
Uma uyikhathalela kahle inkanyezi enomsila yeKuban, lapho-ke umuthi nakanjani uzoletha isivuno esihle futhi ukhule uphilile futhi muhle, futhi wonke umndeni ungajabulela izithelo zawo ezimnandi.