I-sea buckthorn yathandana nabalimi abaningi ngezici zayo zokwelapha. Abalimi abaningi be-novice batshala i-sea buckthorn kusuka ezitshalweni ezithengiwe. Njengomthetho, kunzima ukuthola izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
I-sea buckthorn isitshalo se-dioecious, lokhu kusho ukuthi iyakwazi ukuba isitshalo sowesilisa noma sowesifazane, ngakho-ke, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe ndawonye ukuthola isivuno esisezingeni.
Izindlela zokuzalela i-sea buckthorn
I-sea buckthorn ewusizo ithandwa ngabalimi abaningi. Okwamanje izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene ziye zafuywa.
Ukwandisa inani lezihlahla, akudingeki nhlobo ukuthenga isithombo enkulisa, ngoba kunezindlela eziningi zokukhiqiza kabusha i-sea buckthorn.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuzalela i-sea buckthorn:
- izihlahla ezingaphansi;
- ukubeka;
- imbewu;
- ukusika okunamandla nokuluhlaza.
Wonke umuntu osebenza engadini ushefa inketho enhle kakhulu uzenzele wena. Ake sihlolisise ngayinye yalezi zindlela.
Ngaphansi kwesihlahla
Kulabo balimi abafuna shesha ngokushesha izihlahla ze-sea buckthornindlela yokukhula ngokweqile kufanele ibhekwe.
Izinto zokutshala ngu amahlumela, ukuthole ngokuhlukumeza izimpande zasolwandle i-buckthorn ngehalavu... Ukulimala kungenzeka futhi ungahlosile, njengoba izimpande zasolwandle zihlanganisa amabanga amade.
Ngemuva kwalokho thela indunduma (entwasahlobo elandelayo), udinga ukwenza lokhu ngokucophelela, ngakho-ke ngezandla zakho hlukanisa inzalo empandeni ngokuhamba okuvundlile kommese, ngaleso sikhathi iyobe isitholile izimpande zayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele itshalwe kabusha (indawo ilungisiwe ekwindla). Ngokuzayo, kuyadingeka ukondla njalo isitshalo bese usinisela ngokuhlelekile.
Izisiki ezinesithunzi
Ukulungiswa kwezinsika ezisikiwe kwenziwa ngoNovemba, ngemuva kokukhetha ukusikwa okufanelekile okungenani okungu-5 mm ubukhulu, kufanele kufihlwe eqhweni. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-cuttings ayanqunywa, ubude obuyinhloko be-cuttings ngemuva kokusika kungama-20 cm.
Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele zifakwe emanzini.... Izicucu zingashiywa emanzini amasonto amabili, phakathi nesikhathi lapho amahlumela enesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuvela izimpande ezincane zezimpande.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza sokutshala kwenziwa kusengaphambili. Ngesikhathi sokumba ekwindla, kufika ku-9 kg we-humus nge-1 m inhlabathi.Ngesentwasahlobo, ukumba kwesibili kuyenziwa futhi indawo yokutshala ibekwa ngokucophelela.
Umbhede kufanele okungenani ube imitha eli-1 ububanzi, akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu, abanye baze banyathele izindlela ezinhlangothini ukuze umqolo uphume kancane ngenhla kwendawo.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lifinyelela kuma-degree ama-5, ukutshala ama-cuttings... Kushiya amaqabunga amaningi ebusweni, ama-cuttings aniselwa kakhulu, emva kwalokho inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nomanyolo.
Ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezitshalo, kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo senhlabathi, umswakama wayo, ukuchelela ukusika okude kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezi-1 ezinsukwini ezine, kufushane - nsuku zonke.
Ezinye izithombo zifinyelela osayizi abajwayelekile ngasekupheleni kwenkathi, futhi ngonyaka ozayo entwasahlobo, ungafaka endaweni ehlala unomphela.
Izithombo ezimpande zazo zifinyelele kuma-20 cm, ukuphakama kwengxenye engaphezulu kungama-50 cm, kanti ububanzi bentamo bungu-8 mm, bakulungele ukufakelwa kabusha.
Izinzuzo zale ndlela:
- indlela ayidingi amakhono akhethekile futhi ilungele abalimi be-amateur;
- umphumela wesimo se-clone yesitshalo somama nakho kungabhekwa njengenzuzo.
Okubi: ama-cuttings awahlumi kahle kumswakama ophansi womoya.
Izithelo eziluhlaza
Lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza kabusha i-sea buckthorn kwenziwa kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi... Okokuqala, ukusika kunqunywa (10 cm), ngoba lokhu udinga ummese obukhali. Ngemuva kwalokho yenza ukusika okuphansi bese phezulu.
Ngokuqothula kahle, ama-cuttings kufanele alashwe ngento ekhulayo, ungasebenzisa ubukhulu be-heteroauxin: ithebhulethi eyodwa ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi.
Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-16, ama-cuttings kufanele ahlanzwe futhi atshalwe emhlabathini, bese embozwa ngefilimu noma ngembiza. Kuhle uma inhlabathi ilula, uhlobo olufanele kakhulu lomhlabathi yi-peat... Ama-cuttings kufanele angcwatshwe u-4 cm.
Ukunisela kwenziwa ngesihlungo esihle. Kuyadingeka ukulawula isimo senhlabathi ngaphansi kwezisiki namaqabunga - kufanele ihlale imanziswa.
Ukuvikela ukusika ezifweni ezibizwa ngokuthi umlenze omnyama, kuyadingeka ukuwaphuza ngesisombululo esiqukethe i-potassium permanganate.
Ifilimu noma ikani liyasuswa kuma-cuttings ngemuva kokuba sezimpande... I-cuttings idluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo ngonyaka ngemuva kokumila.
Izinzuzo: isilinganiso samaphesenti ayikhulu sokusinda.
Okubi: inqubo enzima kakhulu, efanelekayo kakhulu kubalimi abanolwazi.
Ungasabalalisa kanjani ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Kulolu hlobo lokukhiqiza kabusha kuvamise ukusetshenziswa lapho kufakelwa kabusha isitshalo ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye.
Isikhathi esikahle senqubo - entwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile, kodwa ngaphambi kokushaya kweqhwa.
Izihlahla ziyimbiwa, wonke amagatsha amadala anqunyiwe, kusala kuphela aphilile. Shake izingcezu zomhlabathi ezingaphezulu kusuka ezimpandeni, hlukanisa isihlahla sibe izingxenye usebenzisa i-pruner yensimu.
Lapho uhlukanisa isihlahla, kubalulekile ukuhlola ubukhona besistimu yezimpande enempilo engxenyeni ngayinye yehlathi. Isithombo kufanele sibe nezimpande ezithuthukile, ama-rhizomes amadala ayasuswa, konke okunye kudinga ukusikwa.
Izinhla
Le ndlela ithandwa ngabaqalayo abaningi. ku-horticulture njengoba isebenza kahle ekukhuleni kwezithombo zekhwalithi.
Ukuzaliswa ngokubeka kwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo: thatha igatsha eliphansi kakhulu le-sea buckthorn ulicindezele uluqinise bese ulinamathisela phansi, ushiye ichopho legatsha ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ifafazwa kakhulu nge-humus futhi igcina umswakama ehlobo.
Ngokuwa, isiqu ngasinye sikhiqiza amahlumela amaningi. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, kukhethwa izinhlobo eziqine kakhulu futhi zitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Izinzuzo le ndlela imi kanje:
- zonke izici eziphilayo ze-shrub zidluliswa;
- ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele.
Of amaphutha okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa: amahlumela ambalwa wonyaka, isiqu somuthi othelayo asivelile.
Imbewu
Ukusabalalisa imbewu kuyindlela elula. Ngalolu hlobo lokukhiqiza kabusha, izakhiwo zezinhlobonhlobo azidluli izithombo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwengxenye yezithombo kungowesilisa.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu ngezigaba:
- Ukuqoqwa kwembewu kusuka ezihlahleni ezisezingeni eliphakeme neziphilile zasolwandle. Imbewu itholakala ngale ndlela elandelayo: izithelo zichotshoziwe, ijusi, uginindela uyahlukaniswa futhi ugezwe kaningana ngamanzi nge-calico, ngemuva kwalokho kuyekwe komile emthunzini. Ngemuva kokomiswa, imbewu iyahlukaniswa nomgubo kanye nesikhumba.
- Ngemuva kokuvuna, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka imbewu isitoreji esiphephile... Imbewu efakwe esikhwameni sephepha kufanele igcinwe egumbini elomile nelifudumele.
- Ukuhlwanyela... Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, imbewu yasolwandle i-buckthorn iyakwazi ukugcina izakhiwo zayo iminyaka emithathu. Ungahlwanyela imbewu entwasahlobo, kanye nasekwindla. Kusuka ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemithi, imbewu yasolwandle i-sea buckthorn iphonswa iqiniso lokuthi ayinaso isikhathi sokulala, ihluma ngemuva kokuvunwa nalapho igcinwe yomile. Imbewu ye-sea buckthorn ihlwanyelwa ngaphambi kweqhwa, ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Akunconyelwa ukuhlwanyela ngaphambili, njengoba imbewu ihluma ngokushesha okukhulu, okungaholela ekubandeni kwezithombo. Lapho kuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo, imbewu ivame ukubekwa eceleni.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwesikhathi sekwindla kuhlukile ekuhlwanyeleni kwentwasahlobo ngoba kuqinisekisa ukuhluma kwayo yonke imbewu ngasikhathi sinye. Izithombo ziwela ngo-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuqala kokushisa, uhlelo lwempande lunesikhathi sokwakha.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala: ukuwa noma intwasahlobo?
I-sea buckthorn kunzima ukubekezelela ubusika obubandayo, inkathi yokukhula ingaqala ekuseni kakhulu.
Ukutshala noma ukufakelwa kabusha kwenziwa kangcono ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.... Ngezithombo ezinezimpande ezivulekile, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka kabusha isitshalo silahlekelwa yingxenye yezimpande.
Endabeni lapho isithombo sisesitsheni isikhathi eside (ngaphezu konyaka ongu-1), umsebenzi wokufakelwa kabusha wenziwa lula. Ungatshala isitshalo esitsheni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Kusafanele ukugxila ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, ngoba kulokhu isithombo sizoba nesikhathi sokwakha uhlelo oluhle lwezimpande ngaphambi kobusika, okuzokwenza kube lula ukubekezelela isithwathwa.
Indlela ngayinye inezici zayo nezinzuzo zayo. Ezinye izindlela azinakwenzeka ukuqhutshwa ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho okuthile nemishini.
Abaqalayo kufanele bagxile ezindleleni ezilula ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-sea buckthorn, kanye nokutholakala kwekhono lokuthuthela ezingeni eliyinkimbinkimbi, bese umphumela waba uhlobo lwezihlahla ezinhle, ezithelayo ngeke zisheshe ukufika.
I-Agrotechnics ye-sea buckthorn: