Amasaladi amaningi ngeke anambitheke njengamancanyana ngaphandle kwesithako esifana namalikhi. Ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokudla nokudla okwenziwe ngamavithamini, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngabalimi abaningi. Isiko laminyaka yonke elidabuka eMedithera, linezimpaphe ezingavamile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nephunga elimnandi. Ukushoda kwe-pungency kanye ne-aftertaste enoshukela kuphakamisa okuhlukahlukene kusigaba sezinongo ezinamakha.
Utshala nini amalikhi
Ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokukhula (cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha) kanye nezinto ezihlukile zesimo sezulu senkabeni yeRussia, kungcono ukutshala amalikhi usebenzisa izithombo. Kuhlwanyelwe engxenyeni yesibili kaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi emabhokisini alungiselelwe, izimbiza noma izinkomishi.
Ukuthola izithombo, izimo zokuchelela kanye nezinga lokushisa kufanele zibonwe. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, ungahle ungalindi isivuno ngenxa yokufa kwesitshalo ngenxa yeqhwa neqhwa (ubungozi bokubandayo bukhona entwasahlobo nasekwindla). Abanye abalimi benza ukutshala amalikhi emifino, avunwa ngoJulayi.
Enye indlela yokutshala u-anyanisi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngasekupheleni kokwindla (imvamisa ngoNovemba). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibikezelo zezulu azifudumele, lokhu kuzovusa amahlumela asheshayo.
Ukuhlwanyela emibhedeni kungenziwa ezimeni zokushisa noma ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhula ngaphansi kwe-agrofibre.
Ukutshala imbewu yezithombo ezikhulayo ekhaya
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nembewu efanele
Isetshenziselwa ukutshala imbewu inhlanganisela yesoyi nomhlabathi womquba ongeza i-humus... I-leek ithanda inhlabathi enomsoco futhi elula; ku-substrate eminyene, imbewu ingahle ingahlumi.
Uma usebenzisa i-peat base, akufanele ukhohlwe ukondla nganoma yiziphi izithasiselo:
- ufulawa wedolomite;
- urea;
- i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili;
- i-potassium sulfate.
Ukuhlwanyela entwasahlobo kuvame ukwenziwa ngoMashi ukuthola u-anyanisi ngoSepthemba. Isikhathi nohlelo lokutshala nokuhlwanyela kungalungiswa ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
Ungayitshala kanjani imbewu
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kucwilile ekhaya emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa futhi igcinelwe usuku, ngemuva kwalokho ziyomiswa.
Enye indlela yokulungiselela ibandakanya ukugcina imbewu ku-thermos enamanzi (ama-degree angama-40) ka- Amahora angu-2-4 kulandelwe ukuhlanzwa ngaphansi kweshawa epholile nokumiswa. Amabhokisi ama-35 x 50 cm asetshenziswa njengeziqukathi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu yesitsha esinjalo 2-3 amagremu... Ngemuva kokugcwalisa isitsha, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi limbozwe ngocingo lwesihlabathi olungu-3-5 mm bese lumanziswa.
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela, ibhokisi kufanele limbozwe ngengilazi noma ifilimu ukudala umphumela wokushisa.
Ukuthola ukuhluma okuhle kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezinhle. Phakathi kwalezi eziyinhloko:
- umbuso wokushisa ofanele ngaphakathi 22 degrees ngaphambi kokuhluma;
- ukulungiswa kokushisa ngemuva kokuhluma (emini kuze kufike ku-18-20 degrees, ebusuku kuze kufike ku-8-14 degrees);
- ukuchelela amanzi afudumele;
- nikeza ukukhanya okuhle kwe-photosynthesis.
Khetha futhi uqine
Kungcono ukutshala izithombo zamasiko ngaphandle kokukhetha, akudingeki ukuthi zihlale ezitsheni ezihlukene. Izithombo zizobe sezikulungele ukutshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni engu-2-2.5 yobudala.
Kwaphela amasonto ayi-6-7 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, izithombo zidinga intukuthelo... Ukwenza lokhu, amabhokisi noma amabhodwe kufanele akhishwe ngaphandle futhi ashiywe emthunzini oyingxenye amahora amaningi, kancane kancane andise isikhathi esichithwa emoyeni. Emoyeni onamandla, izinqubo zomoya azinconywa.
Ukutshala izithombo zika-anyanisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, isibonelo, lokhu kusebenza esifundeni saseMoscow. Ngaphambi kwesinyathelo esibalulekile, kuyadingeka ukusimamisa kahle inhlabathi ukuze kungalimazi uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo. Kungcono ukwenza umsebenzi kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu. Ilanga elisebenzayo lingaqeda amahlumela amancane.
Umbhede we-leek ukhethwa ezindaweni ezivulekile ukuze ukhule ngokufinyelela okuphezulu ekukhanyeni. Akunconyelwa ukutshala isivuno eduze kwezihlahla nezihlahla.
Umhlabathi wokutshala kumele ube ukusabela okungathathi hlangothi, kunalokho kukhululekile... Uma inhlabathi ine-asidi, kufanele ifakwe ulayini wokuqala.
Kungakuhle ukuqala ukulungiselela imibhede ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isiza semba futhi sihlanze izimpande nokhula, ngemuva kwalokho icutshungulwe yiNitrofoska (2 tbsp. L. Nge-1 m2). Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imibhede iyanothiswa nge-humus kanye nomquba ngaphandle kokumba okungeziwe komhlaba.
Lapho izithombo sezikulungele ukufakelwa kabusha, ama-grooves alungiswa endaweni ekhethiwe. Ukujula kwabo 10-15 cm, isikhawu - 25-30 cm... Ibanga elingu-10-20 cm liyabonakala phakathi kwamahlumela, kuya ngokuhlukahluka.
Impande ngayinye, ngaphambi kokucwiliswa emhlabathini, iphathwa ngesikhulumi esikhethekile, esilungiselelwe kusuka kubumba, umquba namanzi (zonke izingxenye zithathwa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo). Amahlumela amade kakhulu ifinyelelwe ku-4 cm... Izithombo zifafazwa ngenhlabathi ngamanani amancane. Umsebenzi wokufakelwa kabusha uphela ngokunisela okuningi.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Leek ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha
Ama-leeks akuyona into ehlekisayo ukunakekelwa, kepha kuzodingeka wenze umzamo wokuthola isivuno. Ukukhulisa isivuno esihle esingasabi ezokuthutha futhi esizokhula siphilile, udinga ukunakekela kahle.
Ukunakekela kufaka:
- ukuchelela njalo;
- ukususa ukhula;
- i-hilling (izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngenkathi yokukhula);
- umgibe womhlabathi;
- ukukhulula;
- ukwelashwa ngokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ngemuva kokufaka izithombo kabusha, lesi sitshalo asiniselwa izinsuku ezintathu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela awadingi ukuniselwa hhayi ngamanzi abandayo. 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezi-5... Izinga lokunisela lifinyelela kumalitha ayi-10-15 wamanzi ahleliwe nge-1 m2.
Ngesikhathi sonyaka, amalikhi ayondliwa Izikhathi ezi-3-4... Lesi sitshalo siphendula kahle kumanyolo omanyolo: i-mullein, umquba, ubulongwe bezinyoni. Izakhiwo zamaminerali ezicebile nge-potassium, i-phosphorus nezinye izinto ezincane nezincane nazo ziyafaneleka. Ukuphakama ngakunye kunconywa ukuthi kuhlanganiswe nokwethulwa komlotha.
Njalo emavikini ama-2 kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze amahlumela kuze kube yilapho isiqu siba sikhulu njengepensela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo ziya zivama kakhulu futhi zinwebeke endaweni ye-groove ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nge-oxygen kanye nokuvimbela ukubumbana kwenhlabathi.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ungavuna u-anyanisi kuze kufike ekwindla, kepha kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kweqhwa neqhwa lokuqala eliwayo.
Isitshalo kufanele sihlanzwe ngamaqabunga alimele futhi omisiwe, susa ichopho lezimpaphe (cishe 1/3 wobude), usike empandeni ngo-1 cm.
Isitshalo sigcinwe kahle esiqandisini, sisongwe ngefilimu yokudla. Ngaphambi kokupakisha, iziqu kufanele zipholile ukuze ukufingqa kungakheki ngaphansi kwe-polyethylene. Amakamelo wangaphansi, izindlu zangasese noma imigodi enombuso wokushisa ongekho ngaphezu kwama-2-5 degrees nawo afanelekile njengezindawo zokugcina.
Okwamalungiselelo asebusika, iliki lifakwa efrijini. Ngemuva kokuhlehlisa, igcina izakhiwo zayo futhi iyasebenziseka impela.
Ama-leeks asathola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi kuyasiza ukuthola ulwazi oluyigugu ekukhuleni isivuno bese wabelana ngaso nabahlali basehlobo, kanye nokuziqhayisa ngesivuno esihle esingabukeka singajwayelekile.