Inyama yenkukhu ihlale ithandwa, ngakho-ke, ngendlela enengqondo yokukhetha izinhlobo zezinkukhu, ukuzalanisa ama-broilers kungaba ngumsebenzi onenzuzo impela. Ama-broilers aseCobb 500 ayindlela enhle kakhulu.Ngenxa yamanani akhula ngokushesha ngezindleko eziphansi zokuphakelwa, lesi siphambano sithandwa kakhulu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuchazwa kwezinkukhu ze-Cobb 500, izinhlobo zazo, sizofunda ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nezifo zesiphambano esingama-500. Phakathi kokunye, sizofunda ama-nuances wokukhulisa izinkukhu ze-Cobb 500 ekhaya.
Incazelo yohlobo lwe-broiler Cobb 500
Ake siqale ngezimpawu zezinkukhu zeCobb 500. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngombala wesikhumba ophuzi wemvelo, odingeka njalo kubathengi. Le nyoni ayithobekile, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile noma ukudla okubizayo, ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlaba kungenziwa ngenyanga nohhafu, okwenza ukulima ama-broiler ibhizinisi elinenzuzo enkulu.
Izinkukhu zesiphambano seCobb 500 zihlukaniswa ngumthethosisekelo wazo omkhulu, izidladla ezinkulu eziqinile. Izimpaphe zimhlophe njengeqhwa. Ikama elihlanzekile namacici anombala obomvu ngokujulile. Ikhanda liqediwe ngoqhwaku olukhulu.
I-Cobb broiler chick temperament 500
Ngenxa yokuthi ukunakekelwa kwe-broiler kuhlose ukuthola inani eliphakeme lenyama, akukhuthazwa ukukhipha i-Cobb 500 endlini ejwayelekile yenkukhu ngokuhambahamba. Izimo ezifanele zokukhiqiza okuphezulu kuzoba ukulungiswa kwangaphandle ngaphandle kokuhamba, noma ukuhlala ezinkanjini. Lapho inyoni igcinwa emakhejini, ukuhamba kwenyoni kukhawulwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinga lokuzuza isisindo liyakhula.
Ziyi-phlegmatic impela, ayinalo ulaka, kepha-ke, uma zigcinwa ngokungalungile, abanye abantu abasha bangahlushwa ubuzimuzimu. Isizathu salokhu kungaba ukugqama ngokweqile kokukhanyisa, noma ukudla okunganele ngokuphelele. Lapho kukhona lezi zinto, amatshwele ngamanye angabamba abantu besizwe ababuthakathaka, aze afe.
ICross Cobb 500 ingagcinwa kokubili epulazini elincane nasemapulazini amakhulu ezinkukhu. Lapho kuzaliswa izinkukhu epulazini elisizayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amatshwele adinga ukushisa okukhulu nokukhanya ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Ukuze zithole isisindo esihle, izinkukhu zidinga ukukhipha njalo, okungenakwenzeka ebumnyameni, ngakho-ke izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-14 kufanele zikhanyiswe ubusuku nemini.
Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, "amahora emini" ancishiselwa emahoreni ayi-18. Izinga lokushisa lendlu kufanele libe phakathi kwama-27-32 degrees. Igumbi kufanele lingene umoya kahle, kodwa alinakho okusalungiswa okuyingozi ematshweleni. Kumele kubhekwe kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kwendawo ukuvimbela izehlakalo zezinkukhu, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuzinza ngenqwaba yezinkukhu, ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile kwendlu yezinkukhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlanza izindonga nophahla nge-lime, ukuguqula udoti nokugeza kahle abaphakelayo nabaphuzayo.
Izici zesisindo esiphambanweni
Omunye umehluko esiphambanweni ukufana. Lokho wukuthi, yonke imfuyo ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni ethile inesisindo esilinganayo. Kakade inyanga isisindo samachwane sidlula u-2 kg, kanti inyoni eyodwa nohhafu isisindo esilinganiselwa ku-2500-2600, futhi ezinsukwini ezingama-56 isisindo senyoni singaphezu kuka-3 kg.
Kodwa-ke, lapho sifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala bezinsuku ezingama-80, izinga lokukhula lincishisiwe kakhulu, ngakho-ke isikhathi esivumayo kakhulu sokubulawa kwezinkukhu zalesi siphambano siguquguquka cishe izinsuku ezingama-40-60, yize ukuhlatshwa kwezilwane ezincane kungenziwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
Ukugcina iCobb 500 ngemuva kokuthi intsha ifinyelele ezinyangeni ezine ubudala akunakusebenza, ngoba ngokusetshenziswa kokudla okuphakeme akukho ukuzuza okukhulu kwesisindo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kohlobo
Isiphambano sakhiwa ngokuwela iCornish kanye nePlymouth Rocks. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu ezifuywayo zisetshenziselwe ukuthola i-Cobb 500 hybrid. Ngenxa yalokho, isiphambano esivelayo sihlukaniswa ngesisindo esihle kakhulu esivele emasontweni okuqala okuphila, esingonga kakhulu imali ekunakekelweni kwezinyoni.
Inyama ngokwayo inokunambitheka okumnandi, okulungele ukudla okudliwayo. Empeleni, ngenxa yokuzalanisa kanzima ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwenyama, i-broiler enhle kakhulu yakhiqizwa, okuyiqiniso ukuthi, izothwalwa, njenganoma iyiphi inyoni, kepha akusizi ngalutho ukuthemba ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ngezinga eliphezulu. Esimweni esihle kakhulu, inani lamaqanda avela ngaphansi kowesifazane oyedwa lizolingana nezicucu ezi-2-3 ngeviki.
Ukuzala, ngokungafani nezinhlobo zamaqanda ezinkukhu, ama-broilers aqala sekwephuzile, hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala bezinyanga eziyi-7.
Ukuzalela nokukhulisa ama-broilers aseCzech ekhaya
Ngokwesiko, izindlela ezimbili zisetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa ama-broilers aseCzech Cobb 500.
- Ukuthengwa kwamaqanda aqanduselwa emapulazini amakhulu ezinkukhu.
- Ukuthengwa kwezilwane ezisencane zansuku zonke.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani kungenakwenzeka ukuzala le nkukhu ngendlela yendabuko.
- Njengama-broilers amaningi, i-Cobb 500 iyisiphambano, ngamanye amagama i-hybrid ekuhlanganiseni izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Izimfanelo ezitholwe ngokuxuba izinhlobo azizuzwa njengefa.
- Ngenxa yesimo sikamama esingavezwa kahle, izinkukhu zalolu hlobo azikwazi ukufukamela nokukhulisa inzalo.
Vele, izindleko zokuchamisela amaqanda zizobe ziphansi, kepha-ke, ukuthenga amatshwele asezelwe, ungabona ngokusobala izinkomba zekhwalithi, ikakhulukazi njengoba iCobb 500 encane inezinga eliphakeme lokusinda, okungenye yezinzuzo zokuzalisa lesi siphambano.
Izinga lokusinda kwamachwane ale hybrid yenyama lingu-94-97% wengqikithi, okuyinzuzo engangabazeki yalolu hlobo lwezinkukhu.
Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele lapho uzalanisa amatshwele eCobb 500.
- Imibandela yokuboshwa. Njengoba umphumela wokukhula kwama-broilers kungukukhiqizwa kwenyama, imibandela yokugcina kufanele inikeze ukuzuza kwesisindo sokuqala. Ngokusebenza ngokweqile kwezilwane ezisencane, izinkomba zokuzuza isisindo zizoba zincane, okuzonciphisa inzuzo yokufuya izinkukhu.
- Izimo zokushisa. Izinyoni azikwazi ukumelana nokugxila, okusalungiswa, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi. Uma amaphuphu eminyene endaweni eyodwa endaweni eseduze yama-heater, lokhu kukhombisa ukushisa okunganele kwamachwane. Ekushiseni okuphezulu ngokweqile, izinkukhu ziba lethargic, ziphelelwe isifiso sokudla, zihlushwa ukushisa, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa elinconywayo lezinyoni kufanele libe sebangeni lama-30 degrees, ukushintshashintsha okuvumelekile kusuka ku-27 kuya ku-33.
- Imodi elula. Ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-14 zokuphila, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukukhanyisa ubusuku nemini, ngemuva kwalokho kungenzeka ukunciphisa amahora wokunikezwa kokukhanya.
- Ukudla okunomsoco. Ukuba khona kwamavithamini, ukulandelela izinto kanye nezengezo zamaminerali ekudleni kwamantshontsho kuphoqelekile. Okuphakelayo kufanele kucebe ngokwanele ngamaprotheni.
- Ukuhambisana nenhlanzeko egumbini, lapho kugcinwa khona izinkukhu. Yize ama-broiler la engangenwa kalula yizifo kanye nezinye izifo kunezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu, ukunganakwa kwenhlanzeko kungaholela ekuguleni kuze kube sekufeni kwengxenye enkulu yemfuyo.
Ukondla izingane, ungasebenzisa futhi okuphakelayo okulungiselelwe okwenziwe ngezebhizinisi PK-5 ezilwaneni ezincane, ungalungisa okuphakelayo ekhaya. Lapho ulungiselela ukudla ngokwakho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imifino, amagobolondo amancane, ushoki kufanele engezwe enhlanganisweni yokudla.
Ekuqaleni, izinkukhu zinganikezwa iqanda elibilisiwe, i-cottage shizi. Okuphakelayo kwezinsuku zokuqala kufanele kugayeke kalula, kucatshangelwa izici zohlelo lokugaya olungavuthiwe. Ngokungezwa kokusanhlamvu ekudleni, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokuqukethwe okwandisiwe kukolweni ekudleni, izinga lokufakwa kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus liyancipha, elidinga ukugcwaliswa okwengeziwe.
Amachwane kufanele ondiswe kakhulu futhi kaningi. Esontweni lokuqala lokuphila, amaphuphu anikezwa ukudla izikhathi eziyi-7-8 ngosuku, anciphisa inani lokuphakelwa ngesigamu isonto ngalinye elilandelayo, kuze kube yilapho inyoni ifinyelela enyangeni eyodwa ubudala, lapho ukudla kunganikezwa kabili ngosuku - ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Izifo zesiphambano
AmaCobb 500s anokungenwa yisifo esiphansi kanye namazinga amahle okusinda, kepha angabanjwa futhi yizifo ezahlukahlukene ezithinta izinkukhu. Nazi ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu ukuthi ama-broiler angavezwa yizo.
- I-Dyspepsia. Esikhathini esiningi, lesi sifo sibangelwa ukudla okuphelelwe yisikhathi noma okungafanelekile kweminyaka, amaphuphu angakwazi ukukugaya ngenxa yohlelo lokugaya olungakhuli ngokwanele kanye nokuntuleka kwama-enzyme adingekayo. Lesi sifo sihlasela izinkukhu okokuqala ngqa emva kokuzalwa. Nge-dyspepsia, ubuthi obunzima bomzimba buqashelwa, obubonakala ngesimo sendle ewuketshezi yombala omhlophe noma ophuzi ngezinhlayiya zokudla ezingadliwe ngemuva kwesizinda sobuthakathaka nokuntula ukudla.
- I-bronchopneumonia. Kungenzeka kwenzeke ngemuva kwesizinda se-hypothermia. Kunganqunywa ukuqina kokuphefumula ngomlomo ovulekile, ukushaywa umoya lapho uphefumula, ukwelula intamo. Ukwelashwa kufanele kunqunywe udokotela wezilwane, uma kungenjalo ukufa kwenyoni egulayo kungenzeka.
- Isifo sikaMarek. Isimo saso kuma-broilers singafinyelela kuma-85%. Izimpawu zifaka ukukhubazeka, ukwehlisa amaphiko nomsila, ukusonteka kwentamo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo okugcwele noma okuyingxenye. Ukuxilongwa okunembile kungenziwa kuphela udokotela wezilwane.
- I-Avitaminosis. Ngenxa yokukhula kwawo ngokushesha, ukushoda ngamavithamini kuma-broilers kungazwakala kahle kakhulu kunezinkukhu ezingezona ezenkomo. Ukuvimbela ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, isabelo sezinkukhu kufanele sengezwe ngokwengeziwe ngamavithamini lapho sondla izinkukhu ngokudla okungekho okukhethekile, lapho ukwakheka sekuvele kunenani elidingekayo lezinto ezidingekayo.
- I-Enteritis. Ukuvuvukala komgudu wamathumbu. Izinkukhu ezincane ziyathinteka, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezidakamizwa zesenzo esisebenza ngama-antibacterial.
- I-Aspergillosis. Isikhunta sithinta umgudu wokuphefumula. Njengomthetho, i-aspergillosis yenzeka lapho kuphulwa izimo zokuboshwa, okufaka isandla ekukhuleni kwefungus.
- Salmonellosis. Isifo esiyingozi hhayi kuphela ezinkukhu, kepha nakubantu. Uma kwenzeka kutheleleka nge-salmonellosis, abantu abagulayo bangabulawa ngaphandle kokusetshenziselwa ukudla.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvikela imiphumela eyinhlekelele yokugula kwezinyoni ukuhambisana nokugcina amazinga. Ngaphambi kokuzinza ngenqwaba yezinkukhu, kufanele kuhlanzwe ngokuhlanza amagciwane nokushintsha kombhede ekamelweni, abaphakeli nabaphuzayo kufanele bagezwe kahle. Ukungeniswa kwendlu kufanele kuhlinzeke umoya ohlanzekile. Okuphakelayo namanzi kufanele kuhlale kugcinwa kuhlanzekile ukugwema ukukhula kwamagciwane e-pathogenic.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ukufingqa, izinzuzo ezilandelayo zesiphambano seCobb 500 zingahlukaniswa.
- Ukuthola isisindo esisheshayo ngesikhathi esifushane ngokwedlulele, okuvumela ama-broiler ukuthi ahlatshwe ezinsukwini ezingama-30.
- Umbala ophuzi wesikhumba.
- Izindleko eziphansi zokuphakelayo.
- Isici sokusinda okuphezulu.
- Ilungele ukuzalanisa kokubili emapulazini amakhulu ezinkukhu kanye nasemapulazini amancane asizayo.
- Ukungenwa kalula yizifo zenkukhu ezivamile.
- Ukufana kwabantu bobudala obufanayo bobubili ubulili.
Ukungalungi kwama-broilers walolu hlobo kufaka phakathi ukungabi bikho kokuzala ngendlela yendabuko yezinyoni nokungabekezelelani kwamakhaza, okwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezinye izifunda ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu zezulu.
Ithebula lesilinganiso sesisindo nokusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo kwezinkukhu zenyama
Ngezansi kwetafula elikhombisa ngokusobala isilinganiso sesisindo nokusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo kwenkukhu yenkukhu.
Ubudala, izinsuku | Isisindo esibukhoma, kg | Okuphakelayo ukusetshenziswa, g / usuku | Okuphakelayo ukusetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni kokondla, g / ikhanda |
0 | 0,042 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0,052 | 14 | 14 |
2 | 0,066 | 14 | 28 |
3 | 0,082 | 15 | 43 |
4 | 0,100 | 16 | 59 |
5 | 0,120 | 22 | 81 |
6 | 0,142 | 25 | 106 |
7 | 0,166 | 28 | 134 |
8 | 0,193 | 31 | 165 |
9 | 0,223 | 35 | 200 |
10 | 0,256 | 39 | 239 |
11 | 0,293 | 44 | 283 |
12 | 0,334 | 49 | 332 |
13 | 0,379 | 55 | 387 |
14 | 0,427 | 61 | 448 |
15 | 0,478 | 68 | 516 |
16 | 0,532 | 75 | 591 |
17 | 0,589 | 83 | 674 |
18 | 0,649 | 91 | 765 |
19 | 0,712 | 99 | 864 |
20 | 0,778 | 106 | 970 |
21 | 0,846 | 112 | 1082 |
22 | 0,916 | 118 | 1200 |
23 | 0,988 | 123 | 1323 |
24 | 1,062 | 128 | 1451 |
25 | 1,137 | 133 | 1584 |
26 | 1,213 | 137 | 1721 |
27 | 1,290 | 141 | 1862 |
28 | 1,368 | 145 | 2007 |
29 | 1,447 | 149 | 2156 |
30 | 1,527 | 153 | 2309 |
31 | 1,608 | 157 | 2466 |
32 | 1,690 | 160 | 2626 |
33 | 1,773 | 163 | 2789 |
34 | 1,857 | 166 | 2955 |
35 | 1,942 | 169 | 3124 |
36 | 2,027 | 172 | 3296 |
37 | 2,112 | 175 | 3471 |
38 | 2,196 | 177 | 3648 |
39 | 2,279 | 179 | 3827 |
40 | 2,361 | 181 | 4008 |
41 | 2,442 | 182 | 4190 |
42 | 2,522 | 183 | 4373 |
43 | 2,601 | 184 | 4557 |
44 | 2,679 | 185 | 4742 |
45 | 2,756 | 186 | 4928 |
46 | 2,833 | 187 | 5115 |
47 | 2,909 | 188 | 5303 |
48 | 2,984 | 188 | 5491 |
49 | 3,058 | 188 | 5679 |
Ama-broobers we-Cobb 500 angaba yindlela enhle kakhulu emapulazini amancane nasezinkukhu zezimboni ngoba lezi zinyoni azidingi ukondliwa isikhathi eside ukuze zithole isisindo esifanele, esisebenza kakhulu ngokuya ngezindleko zenzuzo.
Ngisho nasendaweni encane ngesikhathi sehlobo, kungatshalwa izizukulwane ezingama-2-3 zeCobb 500, inyama yayo enambitheka omuhle nesethulo esikhangayo, ejabulela ukufunwa okuphezulu kwabathengi.
U-Anton: Kuyibhizinisi elinenkinga, kepha linenzuzo enkulu, angizisoli ngesikhathi esisetshenzisiwe (futhi kuthatha okuningi). Kuqukethe ngendlela yeselula. Ngithole inqwaba yezinkukhu ngosizo lwe-incubator (Isikhukhukazi). Kuvele kahle, ngoba ngilandele ngokuqinile izincomo. Iqoqo lesibili lezingcezu eziyi-150 lathengwa epulazini lezinkukhu ngemuva kokuthi elokuqala lithengisiwe.
Zikhula kahle kuma-fodders ahlanganisiwe, ukuzuza kwesisindo kwakulawulwa ngesisindo se-10% senani lezinyoni. Isisindo sikhuphuke kancane ngemuva kokujwayelekile.
Waqoqa amaseli ngokwakhe ezintweni ezazisesandleni sakhe, kodwa ngokwencazelo esencwadini ekhethekile. Ngathenga abaphuzayo abakhethekile kuphela.
Ngokuvamile, ngiqeda ukuziqhayisa futhi ngifingqa: kufanelekile ukusebenza, ngoba ngeke uthole inyama esezingeni eliphakeme kuphela, kodwa futhi uzohola kahle. Manje, sengivele ngiyalele inqwaba yokuqala yalo nyaka yokuphela kukaFebhuwari (asikho isikhathi sokuxoxa nesifakeli manje) futhi ngizolithatha leli bhizinisi eduze.UKostya Ufimtsev: Ama-broilers akhulisiwe wenyama. Ngiyaneliseka ngomphumela: inyama eningi emnandi kakhulu. Kwanele ngokudla kwakho, futhi kuyathengiswa. Into esemqoka ukunamathela emithethweni yokuzalanisa futhi konke kuzolunga. Umagazini wezinyoni