Izinhlobonhlobo zalamatamatisi zibhekwa njengezithandwa ngabalimi abaningi. Ngisho nomuntu osemusha wasehlobo angabakhulisa. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala kubachwepheshe bokuzalisa baseRussia, abathola kuqala ngekhulu lama-20 leminyaka. Ngokuya ngezimpawu nencazelo, uFatima ubhekisa kutamatisi ovuthwa kusenesikhathi.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi
Utamatisi onesithelo esikhulu ungowezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala, utshalwe kahle enhlabathini engavikelekile. Izihlahla ezikhulayo, zifinyelela ukuphakama Amasentimitha angama-60, kepha azibalwa phakathi kwezijwayelekile.
IFatima iyisitshalo se-hybrid, ine-analogue enegama elifanayo i-F1, eyehlukile ngoba ihlukaniswa njengotamatisi ophakathi nendawo futhi ikhiqizwa ezimweni zokushisa okushisayo.
Utamatisi awangenwa isifo se-blight sekwephuzile, futhi amelana nezinye izifo. Isivuno sesivuno sihle kakhulu. Izithelo zinkulu ngosayizi, zinombala opinki, ziyehluka ngesimo esimise okwenhliziyo, isisindo ngasinye sifinyelela 300-400 amagremu... Ukungaguquguquki kwamatamatisi kuyinyama, ukunambitheka kunoshukela.
Utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukuqhekeka.
Awekho amakamelo amaningi kakhulu kutamatisi; into eyomile iqukethe inani elilinganisiwe. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zigcinwa isikhathi eside. Zisetshenziselwa amasaladi, amasoso, ujusi katamatisi nokuwafaka.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zalo utamatisi yilezi:
- usayizi wezithelo ezivuthiwe;
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nezimpawu zokuhweba;
- ukuguquguquka kwesicelo;
- ukumelana okuhle nezifo;
- isivuno esihle kakhulu.
Okubi ngabalimi akumakiwe, emvumela ukuba angene ezindaweni eziholayo emibhedeni iminyaka eminingi. Kusukela ekutshaleni imbewu kuya ezitsheni ezivuthayo, kuyadingeka kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu.
Lesi sitshalo sithathwa njenge-thermophilic futhi sidinga inani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga.
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Utamatisi weFatima ukhula kahle kunoma isiphi isifunda saseRussia... Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngoMashi. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele yelashwe ngaphambilini kusisombululo se-manganese esingu-1%. Uma imbewu igcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kunconywa ukuthi uyicwilise emanzini afudumele amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuyicubungula.
Le nhlobonhlobo yetamatisi ayidingi ukucinwa, kepha amahlathi adinga ukuboshelwa ezisekelweni.
Izinto zokutshala ezithengiwe akufanele zicutshungulwe, ngoba lokhu kungalimaza kuphela ukuhluma kwazo.
Ukutshala, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kufanele kulungiselelwe, okusetshenziselwa kona umhlaba ovela engadini... Iqukethe amabhaktheriya amaningi e-pathogenic kanye nezinye izimuncagazi eziyingozi. Ukuze uwasuse, inhlabathi kufanele igwinywe ngamagciwane ngokushisa. Inhlabathi ilayishwa ku-colander, igcinwe imizuzu eyishumi ngaphezulu kwamanzi abilayo.
Inhlabathi elungisiwe ithululelwa ezitsheni zokutshala, imisele yamasentimitha amahlanu ihlelwe kuyo. Izimbewu eziningana zibekwa emgodini, ibanga phakathi kwazo cishe amasentimitha amabili... Ngemuva kokuqeda ukuhlwanyela, imisele imbozwe umhlaba, kuchitheke amanzi.
Ukufakelwa kabusha utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Lo mcimbi uvunyelwe ukuqala ekuqaleni kukaNhlaba... Uma kuhlelwe ukutshala utamatisi ezimweni zokushisa okushisa, izithombo zidluliselwa maphakathi nentwasahlobo.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, izithombo kufanele ziphathwe ngamakhemikhali akhethekile akhuthazayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Immunocytophyte, i-Epin. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezo zimali kuzosheshisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla ezincane.
Cishe wonke utamatisi utshalwa enhlabathini equkethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba. Ngalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokufaka izithombo, imibhede iphathwa ngamakhemikhali. Ezimweni eziningi, kuyasetshenziswa umquba, i-phosphorus noma i-potash humus.
Inhlabathi emibhedeni ikhululiwe amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu kusengaphambili ukuze kususwe uqweqwe olwakhiwe.
Izithombo zitshalwa emigodini emincane, ukujula kwayo okukhona hhayi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15... Ukufika kwenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo "olungamashumi amane namashumi amahlanu". Izithombo zingcwatshwa ezinhlangothini ezifanele. Uma isihlahla siphakeme, isikhonkwane sokusekela kufanele sifakwe ngokushesha eceleni kwaso nge-garter elandelayo.
Ukunakekelwa kokuthunyelwa ngemuva
Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo, izihlahla zikatamatisi zikaFatima zidinga ukuzilungisa. Izihlahla ngeke zikhule enhlabathini eyomile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kuzofanele kwenziwe njalo.
Uma izinsuku ezinamafu zikhona, lo mcimbi kufanele uhleleke kanye ngeviki... Ezinsukwini ezishisayo nezishisayo, isikhathi sokunisela sincishisiwe sibe yizinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi yokukhula, izitshalo zikatamatisi ziyazidinga okuphakelayo... Isikhathi sokuqala umcimbi onjalo ubanjwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemuva kokufaka izithombo emibhedeni engavikelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswe ukwakheka okukhethekile, okwenziwe ngesisekelo se-mullein, nitrate ne-superphosphate.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umhlaba ophakathi kwezihlahla uyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile khululaukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela komoya-mpilo ohlelweni lwempande. Ukhula luyasuswa ngasikhathi sinye.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Bekuvele kuphawuliwe ngenhla kwalokho Ukulimala okwedlulele akukubi kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zotamatisi, notamatisi umelana ngokuphelele nezinye izifo. Kepha uma kwenzeka inkinga ngokungazelelwe, kunconywa ukuthi ama-bush aphathwe ukwakheka okukhethekile kwe-fungicidal. Noma yikuphi ukulungiselela ukubulala izinambuzane kuzodala ukuvikeleka kuma-parasites ayingozi.
Imithetho yokuvuna nokugcina
Uma ukunakekelwa okulungile kuhlelwe futhi isimo sezulu sivumelana nokukhula kwamatamatisi, isivuno singafinyelela ku-10 kg kusuka kwimitha ngayinye yesikwele yokutshala.
Ungaqala ukuhlanza ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti... Utamatisi uyasuswa ezihlahleni njengoba uvuthwa.
Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi izithelo cishe aziqhekeki, zingagcinwa zintsha isikhathi eside.
Ngokukhonjelwe kuzo zonke izincomo, utamatisi kaFatima uzokuthokozisa ngesivuno esicebile sezithelo zokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Zingasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa. Izitshalo azithobeki, umlimi wensimu osemusha angahle ahlanganyele ekulimeni kwazo.