Izwe lomlando wamatamatisi yiLatin America. Lesi sitshalo ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo sifuna ngokwezinga lokushisa nezimo zokukhanya. Ukubuyisa isithwathwa esifundeni esimaphakathi naseBelarus kungenzeka kuze kuphele uMeyi. Kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke lingaphezu kuka- +10 degrees, kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukutshala izithombo zikatamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile.
Imigomo yokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile eBelarus naseKuban
Ezifundeni ezinje ngokungafani nesimo sezulu nokukhanya okulula njengeBelarus neKuban, nobuchwepheshe bezolimo botamatisi buhlukile. Akunasisekelo ekukhuleni izithombo zikatamatisi eKuban - kulula futhi kushibhile ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo emhlabathini, kuze kube yilapho umhlabathi ulahlekelwe izinsalela zomswakama wasebusika.
Okunye okweqisayo ukuthi isihlahla setamatisi ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokukhula nokubuyisa isivuno ngaphansi kwehlobo elifushane eBelarus. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo ngendlela yesithombo yokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile.
Kuphela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, kusungulwa izinga lokushisa elamukelekayo lotamatisi okhulayo. Njengoba kunikezwe ukungabi bikho kwesimo sezulu, kungakuhle ukutshala izithombo usebenzisa izindawo zokukhosela amafilimu ezilula
- Ukuvikelwa uma kwenzeka isithwathwa - kumelana nokwehla kwesikhashana kuye kuma-degree ama-2.
- Izitshalo ezitshalwe kabusha ngaphansi kwesembozo zithatha izimpande kangcono - asikho isidingo sokunisela nokuxegisa kaningi.
- Izinzuzo zezimpelasonto zabahlali basehlobo - izinsuku ezingama-4-5 zokusebenza, izithombo azidingi ukunakwa.
Ukushisa kwehlobo nobusika obumnene - singabonakaliswa kanjalo isimo sezulu seKrasnodar Territory. Isivuno esigcwele samatamatisi ku-Kuban singatholakala ngendlela engenazimbewu.
Izici zokufika eKuban:
- Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhula, isithombo sakha uhlelo lwezimpande olunamandla.
- Izitshalo azidingi ukujwayela ngemuva kokufakwa kabusha, ngenxa yalokhu zinempilo.
- Azikho izindleko zezithombo.
Izinhlobo ezingatshalwa
Izinhlobo eziklanyelwe kuphela ezikhiqiza isivuno esivandeni esimenyezelwe ngabalimi. Zijwayele ukujwayeza ubukhulu besimo sezulu sendawo.
Utamatisi wenkundla evulekile weBelarus
Ngomhlabathi ongavikelekile ehlobo elibandayo nelifushane, izinhlobo eziklanyelwe zifaneleke kakhulu
- ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi - "Inenzuzo", "iTalalikhin", "Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe", njll.
- maphakathi nesizini - "Ruzha", "Peremoga", "Excellent".
Lezi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zeBelarusian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing zihlukaniswa nokumelana kwazo nezimo zezulu ezimbi - azihlaselwa kakhulu yizifo zefungal.
Vilina
I-hybrid yokuqala yokuvuthwa ithela izithelo kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-25-45. Isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo sikhiqiza isilinganiso esilinganiselwa ku-2.5-3.0 kg wezithelo eziyindilinga ezinesisindo esingu-80-100 g wokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu ne-Alternaria ne-Septoria.
Kalinka
Izinhlobonhlobo ezivumelaniswe nezimo zeBelarus ngesivuno esivumelanayo ngokungavamile. Isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo sikhiqiza izithelo ezi-2.5-3.0 kg zezithelo ezincane, ezihlwabusayo kakhulu ezinesikhumba esincanyana esinesisindo esingu-60-70 g. Lezi utamatisi ziphikisana kakhulu nokulimala okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi nezinye izifo.
Rouge
Izinhlobo ezivuthwa ngokulingene zafakwa kwirejista ngo-1994. Isihlahla esiminyene, esiphakathi nendawo esingu-50-60 cm esinamahlamvu aminyene sinikeza u-2.5-3.0 kg wamatamatisi abomvu ngokugqamile ngesisindo esifinyelela ku-100 g. Utamatisi onesilinganiso sokunambitha okuphezulu unenhloso yendawo yonke.
Ngaphansi kwekhava lefilimu nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo, isivuno sifinyelela ku-8 kg.
Ukumelana nokulimaza sekwephuzile nezinye izifo zesikhunta.
OkweKuban
Izinhlobo zeKrasnodar Territory neDonetsk Region kumele zikwazi ukumelana nesomiso futhi zivumelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu ehlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinotshani obuminyene, ezihlanganisa izithelo ezivela emisebeni yelanga elishisayo, zizizwa kahle.
I-Aswon F1
Izinhlobo ezinqumayo zotamatisi zokutshalwa kwezimboni nezasekhaya ngendlela engeyona eyezithombo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqizayo kakhulu zokugaya izithelo ezigcwele. Kusuka esihlahleni esingu-1 ungathola kufika ku-10 kg wamatamatisi enesisindo esingu-60-70 amagremu.
Isici esivelayo ukuthi izithelo aziqhekeki ngesikhathi sokulungiswa futhi zigcina ukwethulwa kwazo ebhange. Okuwukuphela kokubi ukuthi isivuno esibonisiwe singatholakala kuphela enhlabathini evundile kakhulu: inhlanganisela ye-humus nesihlabathi.
Isipho seKuban
Utamatisi osayizi ophakathi nendawo ofinyelela ku-0.7 m onamahlamvu amakhulu aminyene. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku eziyi-110-115. Utamatisi obomvu oyindilinga obomvu ukhombe kancane ngezansi. Isivuno esimaphakathi - kufika ku-5 kg ehlathini ngalinye. Izithelo zenjongo yendawo yonke enesisindo esingu-100-120 amagremu zimnandi futhi ziyinyama... Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nokuqhekeka nokubola okuphezulu.
Umkhiqizo omusha weKuban
Izinhlobo ezihlukanisiwe eziphakathi nendawo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo zenzelwe ukuvuna nokucubungula ngomshini. Izithelo zokunambitha amaphuzu - amaphuzu we-4.7. Kubahlali basehlobo, ukuhlukahluka kulula ngoba akudingi ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke, izithelo ezivuthiwe ezimise okwenhliziyo aziqhekeki futhi zibambe ziqine. Utamatisi onesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100 aqoqwa ibhulashi (ama-3 ama-PC.) Nikeza i-1 sq. amamitha kuze kufike ku-7 kg wezithelo.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungama-20-40 cm kuphela, inkathi yokukhula iyizinsuku eziyi-140-150, kuze kufike iqhwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Uma ezintathu zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe esakhiweni somuntu siqu, kuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo kwamatamatisi amasha kuyo yonke inkathi.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Izithombo zikatamatisi zikulungele ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile lapho kwakhiwa amapheya ama-3-4 amaqabunga eqiniso. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-50-55 emva kokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu. Ungahlwanyela imbewu yezithombo ngendlela ejwayelekile, kuya ngokuhlukahluka nendawo, isikhathi sikhethiwe.
Kulungiswa imibhede
Ngotamatisi okhulayo emoyeni ovulekile, imibhede kufanele ilungiswe kusengaphambili, mhlawumbe ekwindla. Lokhu akwenziwa kuphela ukonga isikhathi entwasahlobo. Unezakhamzimba inhlabathi kufanele ihleleke: izakhi ezifakwe emhlabathini - ukuze zisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo nangamandla amabhaktheriya omhlabathi aguqule abe ifomu elifinyeleleka kutamatisi.
Okwemba ekwindla, baletha i-1 sq. m imibhede
Ngokwemvelo | ● I-5-7 kg (ibhakede elilodwa) ye-humus noma umquba; ● 0.5 l ithini lomlotha wokhuni. |
Amaminerali | ● U-80-100 g we-nitroammophoska (umthamo wenyuswe kancane - iningi lawo lizongena emhlabathini ngamanzi ancibilikile) |
Umanyolo we-phosphorus wamaminerali awuncibiliki kahle emanzini - usetshenziswa emhlabathini ekwindla kuphela. Uma ama-pellets engezwa entwasahlobo, umanyolo ongaqedwa ungashisa izimpande.
Imibhede nayo ingalungiswa ngomthambo. Lokhu kuphela okumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi - okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo enhlabathini, ukondla kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10, umanyolo onzima kufanele ungezwe ezitshalweni ezincane. Kulula ukulungiselela Isixazululo sokugqoka "Kemira" noma "Master" ekhethekile izithombo. Kulula kakhulu ukuzilungiselela: ngokwemiyalo, amagremu ama-5 omanyolo (isipuni 1) ancibilika kumalitha amabili wamanzi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo kufanele zifundiswe ukuqondisa ukukhanya nomoya ovulekile - ziqinisiwe. Ngenqubo enjalo yokuqina, amabhokisi esithombo anamatamatisi akhishwa emgwaqweni amahora angu-0.5 kuqala futhi kancane kancane andise isikhathi sibe ngamahora ama-2.
Uhlelo lokufika
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lithembele kubukhulu besitshalo uqobo. Esiqeshini sengadi, utamatisi kungcono abekwe emigqeni ephindwe kabili enesimo esenyakatho naseningizimu. Ngezimo zezulu zaseBelarus, le ndawo inezinzuzo eziningi.
- Izinhlobo ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi (kusuka ku-50 cm) zikhula kangcono ezisekelweni. Imigqa ephindwe kabili ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise izihlahla ku-trellis ejwayelekile noma ocingweni.
- Utamatisi ukhanyiswe ngokulinganayo elangeni usuku lonke futhi anomoya omuhle. Lokhu ukuvimbela okuhle kakhulu kwezifo zefungal.
- Uma kunesidingo, umugqa ophindwe kabili ungavikelwa kalula ngekhava elula yefilimu kuma-arcs.
- Zonke utamatisi shazi - kulula ukunakekela ingadi nokuvuna.
Ukutshalwa kukatamatisi eBelarus naseKuban kwehluka hhayi kuphela kundlela (isithombo futhi kungabi nayo imbewu), kepha futhi nasebunzimeni bokutshala izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile.
IBelarus | Ihlobo elipholile nelinamanzi impela | Ukuhlelwa kwamahhala engadini ukuthola umoya omncane kangcono nokukhanyisa |
Kuban | Ilanga elishisayo nemvula encane |
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KwiBelarus, ibanga elilungile lezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi liyi-50 cm ilandelana nama-60-70 cm phakathi kwemigqa lapho kutshalwa ibhande emigqeni ephindwe kabili. Ukudlula phakathi kwemigqa kufanele okungenani kube yi-1 m.
Amaphutha abenzi bensimu abenza lapho befaka emhlabathini
Ukutshala utamatisi ngeke kube nzima ngisho nakulabo abasengadini abasafufusa. Utamatisi akakaze abe osisi abakhethekile - lesi isitshalo esiqinile kakhulu.
Kunamaphutha amaningi angagwenywa.
- Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kusenesikhathi.
- Ukufaka inani elingaphezulu kukamanyolo emgodini. Umanyolo we-nitrogen uphoqa ukuthola ubukhulu obuluhlaza, hhayi ukwakha izimbali namaqanda.
- Ukunisela ngokweqile, kufaka phakathi ukuchelela phezu kwamaqabunga, okuzoholela ekuqhamukeni kwesikhunta.
- Ukujiya kwemibhede eBelarus ngeke kuholele ekwandeni okulindelekile kwesivuno, kepha kuzodala izifo kuphela.
- Lapho nje izithombo seziqala izimpande, qala ukwakha isihlahla - lokhu kuzothuthukisa umoya omncane futhi kukhulise ukuzivikela kwesitshalo.
- Misa ukuchelela ngokushesha nje lapho utamatisi esezuze ubukhulu bezinhlobonhlobo.
Isimo sezulu saseBelarus sihluke kakhulu ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba - izwe lasekhaya le-nightshade. Amaphuzu abalulekile empumelelo ekukhuleni utamatisi eBelarus:
- bala kahle izinsuku zokuhlwanyela izithombo;
- tshala izitshalo ezincane embhedeni olungisiwe ngesikhathi;
- nikeza induduzo enkulu yezithombo zize zikhule.
Ukuhambisana nemithetho elula kuqinisekisa ukuvunwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi eziklanyelwe.