Omama abaningi basemakhaya bakuthola kahle ukutshalwa kohlobo oluhlaza olusha, bahlomisa imibhede ethuthukisiwe khona kanye efasiteleni. Isikhathi esifushane sokukhula se-basil sikuvumela ukuthi uvune unyaka wonke, futhi awudingi ukuya esitolo noma emakethe yokunonga isaladi noma izifundo zokuqala. Esihlokweni sethu sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo okufanele zikhuliswe ekhaya kusuka ezimbewini.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi utshale ibasil efasiteleni
I-Basil iyikhambi elidumile. Ikhula ngempumelelo ezimbizeni khona lapho ekhaya ekhishini noma kuvulandi wefulethi. Kwabaqalayo engadini yasekhaya, kunconywa ukuthi uqale ngalesi sinongo, njengoba kunjalo ukunakekelwa okungathobekile.
Utshani buzwakala bukhulu endlini, bunikeza isivuno esivulekile. Isikhathi sokutshala nokuvuna amaqabunga asigcini kunoma yiziphi izinsuku; i-basil ikhula kahle ehlobo nasebusika. Lo mbhalo uchaza ngokuningiliziwe imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo nezinye izici zokukhula kwekhaya.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala nokukhulisa ibasil efasiteleni: ngosizo lwezisiki, amahlumela amancane nembewu. Indlela yembewu ihlukaniswa ngokwakheka okude nokugcwele kwemvelo ehlathini.
Yikuphi ukuhlukahluka ongakhetha ukukhulisa ekhaya
Labo abafisa ukuthola umbhede oluhlaza khona kanye efasiteleni bangasebenzisa noma yikuphi ukuhlwanyela. Kodwa-ke, uma unikezwe izici ezithile zokulinywa kwasekhaya nendawo elinganiselwe, kufanele kukhethwe kuqala izinhlobo ezenziwe ngogongolo ezingaphansi isonto.
Ubunzima
Isihlahla esihlangene esinamaqabunga amancane sifinyelela ekuphakameni kuphela 8-10 cm (inkathi ekhulayo izinsuku ezingama-60-65). Kufanele ukulima ngaphandle nangaphandle, lapho amafomu ashiya unyaka wonke.
Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa njengesinongo, sinokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, kepha ngaphezu kwalezi zinzuzo sinokwakheka okucebile kwamavithamini, okugcwele izinto ezisebenzisekayo ezincane nezincane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemifino kunomthelela omuhle ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, kuqinisa umsebenzi wokuvikela womzimba.
UMarquis
I-Basil yokuvuthwa okuphakathi okuphakathi nesikhathi sezimila sezinsuku ezingama-65. Iphunga lomuthi ligcwele iphunga le-clove-pepper, amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza. Ukuphakama kukaBush ingeqi ku-25 cm... Ububanzi begatsha bungamasentimitha angama-20, okuvumela ukukhula kwezitshalo ezimbizeni.
Ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, ungasusa 100-120 gr. uhlaza... Ngaphezu kokusetshenziselwa izitsha ezahlukahlukene, uMarquis uzophelelisa iziphuzo (itiye, ama-cocktails) ngokunambitheka okubucayi nokuhlanjululwe.
Ukulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala
Ukutshala i-basil, uzodinga izimbiza, amakesi okhuni, noma iziqukathi zepulasitiki. Okufuneka kuqala ukuba khona kwezimbobo zokuhambisa amanzi ezansi kweziqukathi. Umthamo webhodwe ukhethwe ngaphakathi 1-2 l, ukujula kwesiqukathi - ngaphezu kuka-15 cm.
Esinye sezimo ezibalulekile zemifino ekhulayo sithathwa njengengxube yenhlabathi ehlanganiswe kahle.
Ingasetshenziswa inhlabathi yonke noma ulungiselele substrate ngokwakho. Izinketho ezilandelayo zilungele i-basil:
- inhlabathi yonke + inhlabathi yensimu + i-peat (1: 1: 1);
- i-biohumus + substrate yezitshalo zasendlini (1: 4);
- ipeat, inhlabathi evundile, umquba (1: 2: 0.5).
Umhlabathi osetshenzisiwe kumele ube bhaka kuhhavini nge-disinfection (ihora eli-1 ezingeni lokushisa lama-degree ayi-100).
Ukugcwaliswa kwesiqukathi nge-substrate kufanele kwenziwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- phansi kumbozwe amatshe amancane noma ubumba olunwetshiwe ngo-2-3 cm (amanzi);
- ungqimba olandelayo wenhlabathi (3-4 cm awufiki emaphethelweni ebhodwe).
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Imbewu kumele icutshungulwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Yize lesi sigaba sithathwa njengokuzikhethela, lapho uthenga izinto kubakhiqizi abangajwayelekile noma ezandleni, kunamathuba amaningi okutheleleka kwamahlumela amancane anezifo zefungal.
Ukubulala amagciwane kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, lapho udinga ukucwilisa imbewu amahora amabili. Ngemuva kokulungiswa, okusanhlamvu kuhlanzwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese kubekwa ku-cheesecloth ukuze kome.
Ngosuku olungaphambi kokufika oludingayo nisela umhlabathi ngokufafazaukuze ungadluli kukho.
Inqubo yokuhlwanyela ihlanganisa:
- tshala imbewu ngezifinyela ngezikhathi ezithile 2 cm ukuqhela;
- uthuli ngenhlabathi 1-2 cm;
- ukwakha indawo yokukhosela eyenziwe ngengilazi noma ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki (okusobala).
Isitsha sembewu ehlumayo siyabekwa endaweni efudumele... Ngezikhathi ezithile uzodinga ukuvula ifilimu noma ingilazi yokungenisa umoya. Ukunisela akudingeki okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala ukomisa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi, ungafafaza umbhede ongahluziwe ngamanzi afudumele afudumele (okungcono kuncibilikisiwe).
Amahlumela okuqala avela ezinsukwini eziyi-7-15, kuya ngohlobo lokuhlukahluka kanye namazinga okushisa. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela amaningi, udinga ukususa indawo yokuhlala. Futhi lapho izithombo welula kancane, ungakwazi ngokuphepha unciphise ingadi, ushiya u-10 cm phakathi kwamahlumela. Ngemuva kokuthi i-basil ikhule ifike ku-5-7 cm, udinga ukuthela inhlabathi esitsheni (2-3 cm).
Ukunakekelwa kweBasil kubusa lapho kukhula
Ngemikhuba efanele yokulima, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, nezinhlobo ezifanele zembewu, imifino emisha inganqunywa cishe unyaka wonke. Esinye sezimo eziyinhloko umbuso wokushisa, kufanele uhambisane 20-25 degrees... Uma inkomba ingaphansi, khona-ke utshani bulahlekelwa iphunga layo.
Ukunisela
Umxube wokubhaka kufanele uhlale unomswakama, kepha kufanele ugweme amanzi amile kuwo. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kuyadingeka ukwenza inqubo yansuku zonke yokuqinisa ukufafaza isihlahla.
Amanzi ompompi awafanele ukuchelela. Ukuba khona kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali, izinsimbi kanye ne-chlorine ekubunjweni kwayo kuthinta kabi imifino.
Ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, ukuphuzi kuvela, amaqabunga kwesinye isikhathi ayagoqana. I-melt liquid noma amanzi emvula axazululwe kufanelekile. Izinga lokushisa kwalo kufanele libe ngaphakathi 18-22 degrees... Ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo kuvimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwempande.
Ebusika, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kaningi, Izikhathi ezi-2 ngeviki kuzokwanela. Kepha noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lokoma kwenhlabathi.
Ukukhanyisa
Ngotshani obujwayelekile, i-basil idinga Ukukhanya kwemvelo kwamahora ayi-12... Esikhathini kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Agasti, kukhona ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele eduze kwewindi, futhi kusukela ekwindla kuya kuFebhuwari, kungcono ukufaka isibani se-fluorescent sokukhanya okwengeziwe ngensimu ye-impromptu.
Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo nendawo yokukhanyisa ingama-20-30 cm.
Ukuxega
Inqubo yokukhipha inhlabathi iyenziwa 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4 ukuwunothisa ngeoksijini. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, lapho umoya womile, kuyadingeka ukuthi uxege inhlabathi kaningi ukuze uqweqwe lobumba lungabi ngaphezulu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kotshani kushiya okudingayo Faka umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi kanye ngenyanga... Isikhathi sokuqala lapho isitshalo sondliwa esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Kumalitha ayi-5 wamanzi, thela amanzi ngo-1 tbsp. l. i-nitrophosphate.
Izinqubo eziphindaphindwayo zenziwa kusetshenziswa umanyolo jikelele osuselwa kuma-humates nomquba. Lapho kuxazululwa isisombululo esisebenzayo, imithamo ekhonjiswe ngumkhiqizi iyabonakala.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yeziqukathi ze-basil, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isiko lisabela kabi kuzinhlaka. Ukuvimbela ilanga eliqondile ekushiseni imifino, udinga ukudala ukufiphaza okukhanyayo (usebenzisa i-air tulle).
Ukuvuna
Ukunweba isikhathi sokuphila kwesitshalo nokukhulisa iphunga elimnandi emaqabungeni, amahlumela athwala izimbali asuswa njalo.
Baqala ukwakha isihlahla ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-4-6 (cishe izinyanga eziyi-1-1.5 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela). Kulesi sigaba, phusha phezulu kwe-basil (amaqabunga ama-2-3 ukusuka phezulu kwesiqu). Le nqubo ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamagatsha namaqabunga.
Sika iziqongo ngamakhambi esetshenziselwa izinhloso zokupheka noma omisiwe impilo ende yeshalofu. Amaqabunga e-basil ahluziwe angabanda futhi asetshenziselwe ukulungisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene. Phinda inqubo yokuncinza njalo emavikini ama-2-3.
Ukukhulisa uhlaza efasiteleni kungaba yinto yokuzilibazisa yangempela yomndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbiza ezinezihlahla ze-basil zinenani lokuhlobisa, ziletha ucezu lwemvelo nokuqabuka ngaphakathi.