I-bird cherry ngumuthi omuhle ngokumangalisayo, izimbali zawo ezihlotshaniswa nombono wentwasahlobo. Kepha, Abalimi abaningi abayitshaleli ezindaweni zabo, bekholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo siheha zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, kuze kube nomthelela ekukhiqizweni nasekuhlanzeni kwabo engadini. Kulesi sihloko, ake sibhekisise incazelo nemithetho yokunakekela i-Maak bird cherry.
Eqinisweni, okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso, amaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescence esihlahla akhipha inani elikhulu lama-phytoncides, anobuthi obubulalayo bama-microorganism ayingozi kakhulu nezinambuzane ezincane ezinjengemikhaza, ama-midges noma omiyane. Kungakho, uma ushiya isixha esikhulu senyoni cherry egumbini, abantu bathola ikhanda.
Futhi ungakhohlwa ngamajikijolo amnandi futhi anempilo anikezwa yilesi sihlahla... Ungapheka ujamu, ama-compotes kuwo, uwasebenzise njengokugcwalisa ukubhaka, noma vele udle, inqobo nje uma izinhlobonhlobo ezitshaliwe ziyadliwa.
Okwamanje, izakhamuzi zasehlobo zinokufinyelela ezinhlotsheni ezingaba amashumi amabili zalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo, zombili ezinezithelo ezidliwayo nokuhlobisa, kufaka phakathi i-Maak bird cherry.
Incazelo bird cherry ezihlukahlukene Maaka
I-bird cherry, eyaziwa ngabalimi njengeMaaka, yaqala yachazwa ngokuningiliziwe yisazi sezitshalo esidumile emhlabeni wonke uFranz Ivanovich Ruprecht we-Austrian Botanical Society ngo-1857. FUTHI le nhlobonhlobo ithole igama layo egameni lesazi semvelo nomcwaningi waseRussia uRichard Karlovich Maak, owachaza phakathi nohambo lwakhe eMpumalanga Ekude, izigodi zase-Ussuri nase-Amur ngo-1855-59.
Ngokwemvelo, lesi sihlahla, esingafani nakancane ne-bird cherry ekhula eSiberia, sitholakala osebeni lwemifula nemifudlana eChina, Korea naseRussia - eMpumalanga Ekude.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungabuboni ubuhle obunjalo - amaqabunga e-emerald acwebezelayo, amahlumela aphuzi akhanyayo nezimbali ezimhlophe ezihlakazeke phezu komqhele entwasahlobo, noma amaqoqo amajikijolo amnyama anombala onsomi ekupheleni kwehlobo. Amagxolo ahlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile - kusuka kubhedu lwegolide kuya konsundu, icwebezela emisebeni yelanga nenyanga, ixebuka emigqeni eguqukayo, edala ukubonakala komphetho oshisayo, oguqukayo.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla endle ifinyelela 16-18 amamitha, futhi isiqu – 40 cm ububanzi. Le nyoni i-cherry blooms ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, inezimbali ezincane eziqoqwe emabhulashini ahlanganisiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kungcono ukungasondeli kulesi sitshalo, ngoba usuku lonke emqhele kukhona umsindo ovela ezinyosi ezifika umpe. I-Maak bird cherry yaziwa umhlaba wonke njengesinye sezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ze-melliferous, okuqinisekiswa ngokungaqondile yizinyosi ezizithandayo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba utshale lokhu kuhlukahluka engadini, kunengqondo ukucabanga ngesidleke sakho.
Maphakathi noJulayi, ama-drupes avuthwa. Amabhandeshi mahle kakhulu, kepha izithelo ngokwazo azidleki kubantu, ngenxa yomunyu oqinile nopende ofaka umbala kakhulu. Kepha, uma usathatha ithuba futhi ugwinya amajikijolo ambalwa, ngaphezu kombala omude onsomi wolimi, ungathola umphumela omuhle we-laxative.
Amabhere ayakuthanda kakhulu ukudla izithelo ze-Maak cherry. Ngakho-ke, uma ingadi iseduze nesiqiwu semvelo noma izinkundla zokuzingela, akulimazi ukusebenzisa ukuqonda phakathi nehlobo.
Izinyoni nezikwele zithanda kakhulu ama-drup avuthiwe, kanti ama-hedgehogs ngokushesha aqaqa amajikijolo awile.
Isihlahla sithakazelisa ngokwedlulele hhayi kuphela ngokuvela kwaso kwangaphandle, kodwa futhi nangezici zaso zomhlaba wonke, ezivumela lezi zinhlobo ukuthi zizizwe zikhulu cishe kunoma yiliphi ikotishi lasehlobo elisendleleni ephakathi.
Inyoni cherry Maak:
- ukumelana nesithwathwa, ibekezelela kalula amazinga okushisa we-subzero aze afike kuma-40-45 degrees;
- hhayi ngenkani kakhulu enhlabathini, ikhula kunoma yimuphi umhlaba, kodwa ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu lapho itshalwe khona esihlabathini esinomswakama oswakeme kahle.
- engangenwa yisomiso, isithombo kuphela esidinga ukuniselwa ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala, kepha noma kunjalo hhayi njalo;
- ngomoya ophansi uhlushwa yizikhukhula zesikhashana nezimvula eziqhubekayo;
- ingakhula emthunzini, kepha izizwa ingcono kakhulu edlelweni elivulekile elibalele;
- ukushiya kwehlela ku ukwakheka kwesimo somqhele osifunayo;
- ngokungakhathaleli ukugunda izinwele, ukufakelwa kabusha, ithayili, i-iron noma i-asphalt pavement phezu kohlelo lwempande;
- unakho kakhulu ukukhula ngokushesha;
- okusakazwa imbewu, kepha akunandaba ukuzalanisa nokusika.
Ngempela, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokuphelele.
Lezi zimfanelo zaheha umfuyi owaziwayo uMichurin kuMaak's bird cherry, lapho yena nabasebenzi bakhe basebenza ukuthuthukisa izici zetsheri. Ngesikhathi seziphambano zokuqala, kwatholakala ama-nzalo amaningi, okusebenza kuwo eminye imiphumela yokuhlanganisa i-bird cherry ne-steppe cherry nezinhlobonhlobo zensimu eyakhiwe ngaphambili... Zethulwe emhlabeni wezitshalo nakubalimi, izinhlobo eziphothuliwe zezihlahla ezi-hybridi zaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile le-cerapadus, okungukuthi, izimfudu ze-cherry.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zeMaaka
I-Prunus maackii, noma i-Padus maackii, njengoba ngesiLatini yamukelwa kwezitshalo, le nhlobonhlobo ye-bird cherry ibizwa ngokuthi, unalezi zici ezilandelayo ezithakazelisa umlimi wensimu:
- ukuphakama kwesihlahla ngokufinyelela okulingene 10-11 amamitha;
- amahlumela aqondile, "Erect", i-pubescent enokunye ukuhlelwa kwamaqabunga;
- amaqabunga okusaqanda, elula enamachopho ajingxiwe nesiqongo esikhonjiwe;
- ukulele ubuhlanga;
- izimbali zimhlophe, ngokwesilinganiso ku 1 cm, ama-petal amahlanu, nephunga elinothile;
- uthela izithelo ezinamajikijolo angadleki kubantu, esimweni sokuvuthwa - obomvu, esigabeni esivuthiwe - i-violet-black, i-lilac.
Ubuhle nobubi
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa zokutshala inyoni cherry ekotishi lakho lasehlobo, okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa:
- engathobekile ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi;
- ayidingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela;
- wethusa ama-midges, omiyane nemikhaza;
- ayidingi ukuchelelangaphandle konyaka wokuqala wokuphila;
- inamandla angenamkhawulo lapho idala izingoma zokwakheka komhlaba;
- ukukhula okusheshayo;
- ikhula kokubili elangeni elikhanyayo nasemthunzini.
Amaqabunga awile alesi sihlahla acebile nge-nitrogen, i-lime ne-potassium. Lokhu kuvumela izimpungushe ukuba zisetshenziselwe ama-humus amahle futhi zenze ngcono ukulala.
Ububi bokutshala lesi sihlahla engadini bufaka izikhathi ezinjengezi:
- izinkuni ezidinga ukukhanya, ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngamamitha ama-5, futhi uma inyoni cherry izimisele ukuhlala emthunzini, khona-ke ngaphezulu;
- kuchichima ukukhula kwezimpande;
- ukungasebenzi kwama-drupesngawo izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeMaaka zithela izithelo;
- ithuba lokuthola ikhanda ngokuhlala isikhathi eside eduze kwesihlahla esiqhakazayo;
- ukuheha izinyosi, ama-bumblebees neminyovu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, okuyingozi enkulu kulabo abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba.
Imithetho yokufika
Akunzima ukukhetha indawo ye-Maak bird cherry, izobukeka inhle futhi izime kahle kunoma iyiphi ingadi yensimu. Uma kunezindawo ezimanzi kusayithi, isibonelo, ngenxa yokusondela kwenhlabathi, khona-ke isihlahla sizomisa ngokuphelele leyo ndawo.
Ngokombono wobuhle, lesi sitshalo sihlanganiswe cishe nayo yonke into esemhlabeni, sibukeka sisihle kakhulu eqenjini lokutshala, ngokwesibonelo, lapho kushintshaniswa nezihlahlana eceleni kwemingcele yesayithi, futhi ngokuzimela, ngokuqhamuka notshani botshani, ekhoneni eliseduze nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azinamqondo, zikubekezelela ukufakelwa kahle, ziguqule ngokushesha futhi zigxile endaweni entsha, ngakho-ke, azikho izindlela ezikhethekile lapho utshala isihlahla. Imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile kufanele ilandelwe, njenge:
- lungisa umgodi wokufika, akudingekile ukujula ikakhulukazi futhi uthathwe ngumanyolo, ikakhulukazi okwemvelo, ukweqisa kwabo kungabhubhisa isithombo;
- ukuphakama okuhle kwezithombo okungama-70-75 cmuma izinto zokutshala ziphakeme, kungcono ukusifushanisa;
- lapho utshala izitshalo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, okulungele impova yokuwela, ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngamamitha angu-5-6;
- emgodini owudingayo ukusabalalisa izimpande ngilale, ngithele kakhulu;
- inhlabathi ezungeze ukutshala semboza ngomsele kancane.
I-cherry yezinyoni itshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile; ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi kufanele isivele incibilikile.
Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla
Kulula ukunakekela i-bird cherry - ngonyaka wokuqala noma emibili yempilo yayo esizeni, isihlahla sidinga ukuniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukwakheka komqhele wesikhathi esizayo eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula kwezitshalo.
Lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala e-lateral, kungakuhle ukuthi ushiye u-4-5 wezithuthuke kakhulu futhi ubheke ezinhlangothini ezihlukile... Kuzofanele kwenziwe okufanayo ngamagatsha akhula kuwo. Ihlumela eliphezulu kufanele lithenwe ukuze lawo asemaceleni akhule ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukucubungula ukusikeka nge-pitch yensimu.
Lokhu kuzothatha iminyaka eminingana. Esihlahleni esivuthiwe, uma ufisa, unganciphisa umqhele.
Ngokuqondene nazo zonke izinhlobo zokugqoka, akunangqondo ukuzenza kaningi kaningi njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Uma kunesifiso, khona-ke ungenza okokugqoka okumbiwa phansi okumbalwa ngaphambi kwezimbali zezinyoni eziqhakazayoukuyenza ibe yinde futhi ibe ningi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Noma iyiphi i-cherry yezinyoni, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lweMaaka, iyamelana nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi isihlahla asikwazi ukugula nhlobo.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezithola lesi sitshalo yizifo zefungal. Isikhunta siyathinta:
- izithelo;
- amagatsha namaqabunga;
- ukukhonkotha nesiqu.
Izifo zombungu
Ama-Drupes (igama elidumile lalezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni amajikijolo ama-cherry) agula ngendlela yokuguqulwa, okubizwa "ngamaphakethe". Isikhunta sithinta isithelo, ngenxa yalokho i-ovary ikhula, okusho ukuthi, ingxenye eyinyama futhi cishe alikho ithambo.
Ama-drup athelelekile enza amafomu ansundu, amakhulu, avuvukile anezikhala ezingenalutho ngaphakathi - emaphaketheni. Ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno kanye nokwephulwa kokuheha kwesihlahla.
Ukuvikela kule fungus, kuyadingeka ukubhubhisa izithelo ezilimele, futhi isihlahla uqobo kufanele siphathwe ngamanxusa aqukethe ithusi. Kuzodinga futhi ukucubungula isitshalo esonakele entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela.
Izifo zamaqabunga namagatsha
Ukugqwala kweLeaf
Lesi sifo siqala kakhulu emahlathini nasemapaki, kepha izingadi nazo zingavakashelwa. Isikhunta esidala le nkinga sihlala ezigodini ze-spruce.... Ukusuka lapho ifudukela khona emaqabungeni nasemagatsheni e-bird cherry.
NgoJuni, amabala ansundu noma ansomi akha amahlamvu, ukwakheka okufanayo emagatsheni. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, umuthi ulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukukhanga kwawo kobuhle.
Njengokulwa nalesi sifo, i-bird cherry ifafazwa nge-vitriol, funa umthombo wesikhunta - isi-spruce bese ubhubhisa zonke izigaxa ezikuwo.
IClasterosporia, noma ukubona
I-Hole spot
Kuvezwe ngokuthi ngoJuni noma engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi, amaqabunga ambozwe amabala ansundu ansundu ngomngcele obomvu klebhu... Ngokuhamba kwalesi sifo, la mabala ayawa, futhi isihlahla sinikeza isithombe sokudliwa yizinambuzane.
Indawo ensundu
Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ngamahlamvu amabombo ansundu anezikhala ezinephedi eliphuzi engxenyeni engenhla kwakheka... Lokhu kwakhiwa okuphuzi kungukuphindaphindeka kwesikhunta. Ngokuthuthuka okuqinile kwalesi sifo, lonke iqabunga limboziwe.
Ibala eliwolintshi
Maphakathi nehlobo emaqabungeni amabala ama-angular ewolintshi avela, aze afike ku-10 mm ububanzi... Iflethi, inemibala egqamile. Ngokuthuthuka kwesikhunta, zingahlangana, zithathe indawo enkulu yamaqabunga. Lesi sifo sivamile eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Uphephuli
Kubonakala ngokuvela kwezindawo ezimpunga eziyindilinga ezingacacileimiphetho egelezela kumbala weshidi. Ingabonakala kulo lonke ihlobo futhi imboze ngokushesha okukhulu umqhele womuthi.
Njengokulwa nazo zonke izinhlobo zokubona, amahlamvu afile ayabhujiswa, futhi umqhele wezihlahla uphathwa ngenhlanganisela noma isisekelo seBordeaux kaningana ngesikhathi sehlobo.
I-Moniliosis, noma i-monilial burn
Isifo esingajabulisi lapho isikhunta sihlasela khona izimbali, amahlamvu, amahlumela kanye nama-drup. Entwasahlobo, amagatsha aqala ukoma, athola umbala onsundu ogqamile., bese kwenzeka into efanayo ngamaqabunga namahlumela.
Ukhunta ukhula kahle kakhulu kumswakama ophakeme, okwenza isihlahla sibonakale sifana nalesi esithintwe umlilo.
Ukuvikela nokuvikela kulesi sifo, izindawo ezilimele ziyasikwa zibhujiswe., futhi entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, isihlahla siphathwa nge-Bordeaux liquid. Phinda uyifafaze ngemuva kokuqhakaza nasekwindla. Qinisekisa ukubhubhisa amaqabunga awile.
Izifo zesiqu kanye namagxolo
I-cytosporosis noma i-cytospore necrosis
Lapho uthintwa yilesi sifo sokukhunta, Amagxolo esihlahla afela emasongweni esiqwini nasemagatsheni... Ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo, iqoqo lezigaxa ezincane ezibomvu eziqinile eduze komunye nomunye libonakala ngokusobala - lokhu kungukuphazamiseka kwesikhunta.
Le necrosis ivamise ukuthinta izitshalo ezenziwa buthakathaka okuthile futhi zingabulala isihlahla.
Azikho izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulwa nalesi sifo; Abalimi bavame ukunquma izindawo ezilimele futhi baziqede., nezindawo zokuthuthuka kwesikhunta esiqwini ziyahlanzwa, zigezwe ngensipho nethusi, zifakwe amagciwane futhi zimbozwe ngengadi var.
Ukwelashwa kwezinsini
Esihlahleni, izindawo zivela ngoketshezi, ushingamu. Kuyinto enombala we-amber, i-gummy, i-gummy. Imvamisa kuhambisana nezinye izifo, ezinjengokubona, i-moniliosis, i-cytosporic necrosis, kanye nokulimala komshini esiqwini se-bird cherry, ukushiswa yilanga okuneqhwa, okuthi noma kungajwayelekile, kuphinde kwenzeke. Lesi sifo siholela ekufeni kwamahlumela, amagatsha, kwesinye isikhathi nokukhonkotha kwesihlahla.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo kusho ukwelapha i-cherry yenyoni kulesi sifo. nokuthena amagatsha afile namahlumela ngokubhujiswa kwawo okulandelayo.
Izimpande ezibolile
Lesi sifo siqala ngenxa yomsebenzi we-tinder fungus Schweinitz, okungukuthi, umane ubole. Isikhunta sikhula engxenyeni emaphakathi yohlelo lwempande futhi ngqo esiqwini sesihlahla... Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhowe amakhulu velvety akhula kuwo ezansi kwe-bird cherry.
Izihlahla ezindala nezibuthakathaka zivame ukuthinteka. Emahlathini, emapaki ehlathi, ekutshaleni emadolobheni. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu engadini.
Kokubolile okuhlala ku-bird cherry, isikhunta esivame kakhulu ngamagciwane afana ne:
- i-plum tinder fungus;
- isikhunta esiphuzi se-tinder fungus;
- i-purple tinder fungus;
- i-tinder fungus yamanga.
Ingozi yesifo esinjalo ukuthi kungekudala isihlahla sizowa. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yomzabalazo:
- isaha ukusika;
- ukusiphula;
- ukushisa imbobo.
Izinambuzane ze-bird cherry
I-bird cherry imelana kakhulu nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilokazane, kepha abanye basangena ezindleleni zakhe zokuvikela i-phytoncide.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ukudlula i-Maak bird cherry futhi ziyilimaze:
Izinambuzane ezimunca
Lezi yizo zonke izinambuzane ezondla umswakama wamahlamvu, amaqabunga, amahlumela, amagatsha nesiqu. Izivakashi ezivame kakhulu nezakhamizi zalesi sihlahla ama-coccids, izimpukane zamaqabunga, izimbungulu zezitshalo... Iningi lazo lithelela ezinye izihlahla engadini, isibonelo, isihlahla se-apula noma isihlahla seplamu, bese zifika ku-cherry wezinyoni.
Izinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga
It:
- amacimbi ezimvemvane;
- izibungu ze-sawfly;
- izibungu zamabhungane amaqabunga namabhungane ngokwawo;
- i-hawthorn ne-bird cherry moth.
Amanye amacimbi, wenundu elifanayo le-hawthorn, aluka izidleke ezikhethekile ezivela emaqabungeni, lapho ahlala khona futhi ondle kuwo.
Abavukuzi
Izibungu zalolu hlobo lokudla kwezinambuzane zondla futhi zikhule ngaphakathi kweqabunga, zishiye imithambo engenalutho kulo, ehlukile ngesimo nombala. Bathuthela ku-bird cherry kusuka ezihlahleni zama-apula.
Abakhiqizi be-Gall
Ama-Galls ngesimo sezimpondo ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana kuze kufike ku-4 mm ubude enza izibungu - inyongo futhi wezwa. Zivame kakhulu ku-cherry yezinyoni, kuphela lapho kukhona izihlahla ezigcwele kakhulu eduze.
Izinambuzane ezinambuzane
Lezi izinambuzane ezingama-xylophagous, okungukuthi, ama-bark beetle kanye ne-woodworms. Cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili ezahlukahlukene zihlala kwi-bird cherry, kepha zithinta kuphela izihlahla ezindala, ezifa noma ezinezifo.
Indlela eyinhloko yokulwa nazo zonke lezi zinambuzane ngamakhemikhali. Isihlahla esithintekile kufanele siphathwe kabili ngezindlela ezifana nalezi:
- karbofos;
- ukinmix.
Ngokutheleleka okunamandla kakhulu, ukuphalaza kwesithathu kungadingeka futhi, kepha, imvamisa, ngemuva kwesibili, zonke izinambuzane sezivele zafa.
Imvelo uqobo inikeza indlela enhle yokubhekana nezibungu. Izithwathwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi zibulala izinambuzane esezivele zisebenza ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, abanye abalimi abazi ngisho nokuthi ikoloni lamacimbi bekufanele lihlale kuzintandokazi zabo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zifaka ukunciphisa umqhele, ukuthena amagatsha amadala, ukugcoba umuthi kanye nezisekelo zamagatsha, futhi-ke, ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sezinyoni zomakhelwane be-cherry esakhiweni segadi.
IMaaka bird cherry iyisihlahla esihle ngokumangalisayo esinezinto eziningi zokuhlobisa nezisebenzisekayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi izithelo zayo azidliwe ngabantu, zilungele ukwenziwa kwama-decoctions okwelapha kanye nokufakwa ngaphakathilokho kungaxazulula izinkinga eziningi zamathumbu.
Lapho ukhetha inyoni cherry yensimu yakho, kufanele unake lesi sihlahla esingathobeki ngokuphelele, esizongena kunoma ikuphi ukwakheka komhlaba, senze isithunzi phezu kwendawo yokuzilibazisa futhi sisabise omiyane abasuka kuso, futhi sakhe umoya ohehayo wabanikazi bensimu.
Akuvamile lokho umuthi uqhosha ukumelana okunjalo nezifo, kalula ukusinda, ukungathobeki enhlabathini nasesimo sezulu, ukunakekelwa okungafuneki, ukukhula okusheshayo nobuhle bangaphandle obuhlukile, njenge-Maak bird cherry.