AmaNdiya anikeze umhlaba izitshalo eziningi zemifino: ummbila, utamatisi namazambane. Phakathi kwabo kukhona umndeni waseJerusalema i-artichoke. Ngekhulu le-17, lesi sitshalo sezimpande sasindisa izifiki zaseCanada endlaleni. Futhi emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva kwaziwa ukuthi ipheya lobumba lingavimbela umdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Ukutshala imifino kungenzeka endle nasendaweni yama-dachas esifundeni saseMoscow nasemgqeni ophakathi nendawo. Into esemqoka ukubuka ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesitshalo nokulungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuyitshala.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema - zisetshenziswa isitshalo, nesistimu yezimpande enamandla nesiqu esiqondile esifinyelela ku-4 m ubude. Amaqabunga makhulu, angama-20-25 cm ubude. Izimbali zincane, zifinyelela ku-10 cm ububanzi, ziphuzi noma zigolide. Kumahlumela angaphansi komhlaba, nezilimo eziyizigaxa (omhlophe, obomvu, onsomi), unambitheka njengetheniphu, unenyama emhlophe.
Bona okunomsoco kakhulu futhi iqukethe:
- fructose
- trace element (i-silicon, i-manganese, i-chromium)
- ama-macronutrients (i-potassium, isibabule, i-phosphorus)
- amaprotheni
- amavithamini (B, C, carotene)
- ama-amino acid (methionine, threonine, lysine)
Ipheya lobumba liyisitshalo esivuna kakhulu, nesomiso futhi simelana nesithwathwa. Iziqu zemifino zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi njengo -12 degrees. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyakwazi ukubanda inyanga emhlabathini ngama -10 degrees, zincibilike futhi zikhuphuke entwasahlobo.
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema iletha isivuno esikhulu ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu. Kubhekwa njengesitshalo sokuphepha.
Umsuka nokusatshalaliswa kwesitshalo
IJerusalem artichoke idabuka eNyakatho Melika. Lathola igama lalo esizweni samaNdiya samaTopinambo. Bakhula futhi badla izitshalo eziyimpande kudala ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu.
Isiko lemifino lafika eYurophu lisuka eCanada ngekhulu le-17. Lesi sitshalo esingathobeki ngokushesha saqala ukugxila ezwenikazi elisha. I-artichoke yaseJerusalema isetshenziswa ngokwesiko kuma-cuisine aseNgilandi, eHolland naseFrance. EGermany wateketiswa Amapheya obumba kanye namazambane e-schnapps (ivodka yenziwa ngesisekelo sayo lapha).
ERussia, isiko lemifino laziwa maphakathi nekhulu le-17. Iwayini elisuselwa ezimpandeni lalisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngemuva kwalokho kubhekwe njengokuqabukela, kuphela abacebile abakudlayo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu, ipheya lobumba lasakazeka yonke indawo. Izithelo isitshulu, ubilise futhi uthose, akufanele idliwe iluhlaza. I-artichoke yaseJerusalema eyosiwe iyakuthanda njengamazambane athosiwe.
Isicelo kwezokwelapha
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema iqukethe inulin... Kanye emzimbeni womuntu, le polysaccharide ihlanza igazi kwi-cholesterol nemikhiqizo yokubola.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema:
- Uphatha izifo zamathumbu: i-gastritis ne-pancreatitis. Iqeda i-dysbiosis, iqeda ukuqunjelwa kanye ne-colic.
- Isusa ama-slags nosawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo emzimbeni.
- Inomphumela we-diuretic. Iwusizo kubantu abanamatshe ezinso.
- Yehlisa ingcindezi... Inconyelwe umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
- Yehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini sibonga i-inulin (usizo ngesifo sikashukela).
- Kuqinisa inhliziyo futhi kuvimbele ukubekwa kukasawoti emzimbeni (okuwusizo ku-osteochondrosis, arthrosis, gout).
Ukukhetha okulungile kwenhlabathi yokutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema
Ukukhula kwephareji lobumba kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, ngaphandle kwe-esidi enamandla futhi enamanzi amaningi... Amahlumela amaningi ahlinzekelwa:
- inhlabathi emnyama emnyama
- ukukhanya okulula
- inhlabathi yezikhukhula
Lesi sitshalo siphendula umanyolo we-humus namaminerali.
Isitshalo sezimpande simelana nezifo eziningi nezinambuzane (i-Colorado potato beetle, nematode kanye ne-blight sekwephuzile) futhi ayidingi ukwelashwa kwe-pesticide.
Ukukhula nokunakekela endle ezweni noma engadini
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zidinga ukutshalwa emhlabathini ekuqaleni kuka-Maylapho kufudumala umoya kuze kufike ku-18 degrees... Ekwindla, isiza silungiswa:
- kumbiwa ekujuleni kokutshala kwesikhathi esizayo kwezilimo eziyizigaxa (15 cm)
- susa ukungcola emhlabathini
- engeza umquba emhlabathini
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu zikhethelwa ukutshala nokukhiqiza kabusha. Amabala amabi ayanqunywa futhi ambozwe ngamalahle. Lapho kunezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo kakhudlwana, isivuno siyoba sikhulu ngokwengeziwe.
Umhlabathi uyathukululwa futhi ulinganiswe ngaphambi kokutshala, kwehlukaniswe ngemigqa ngo-70 cm... Izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zitshalwe kude U-40-50 cm uqhelelene... Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ehlobo izithombo zizofinyelela ubude bamamitha amabili. Amahlamvu e-artichoke aseJerusalema aminyene, ahlanganiswe nokutshala okusondele. Lokhu kungaba nzima kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
Ngaphambi kokuvela nangemva kwenhlabathi khulula futhi igeja... Kusukela ekutshaleni kuya ekuvuneni, izimpande zezitshalo zidinga ekuniseleni okuningi... Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcwalisi isitshalo. Umswakama owedlulele uyingozi ngokubola nokuvela kwama-slugs. Futhi okungalungile ukuthuthuka okuhamba kancane nezithelo ezincane. I-artichoke yaseJerusalema kanye ngenyanga okuphakelayo umanyolo kanye nenitrogen.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukukhula kwezitshalo. Uma zikhula ngokuvilapha, zilahlekelwe amaqabunga bese zimbozwa ukuqhuma, khona-ke lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sesifo noma izinambuzane. Izitshalo ezithintekile ziyasuswa bese ziyashiswa.
Lapho izithombo zikhuphukela ku-30 cm zazo spud... Nakulokhu futhi, izitshalo zifakwa phakathi nehlobo. Lapho iziqu zepheya lobumba zifinyelela kumitha ukuphakama, ziboshelwa ezisekelweni eziqinile. Isibonelo, ukufaka izintambo ezisekelweni zezihlahla.
Lapho nje iziqu zikhula, zihlanzekile usike ekuphakameni kwe-1.5 m, izimbali nazo ziyasuswa. Lokhu kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande nokwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Uzovuna nini izilimo eziyizigaxa
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zizovuthwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-120 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela. Inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukondla kuyamiswa, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili iziqu zisikwa ziye ku-30 cm ukuphakama. Lokhu kuzosiza isithelo ukuthi sakhe isikhumba esiqinile futhi sandise impilo yaso eshalofini.
Uma ushiya izilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini, khona-ke izohlala kuze kube sentwasahlobo... Ukuvikela emakhazeni, imibhede ifafazwa ngomhlaba oxutshwe ne-humus futhi embozwe ngotshani. Iziqu ziyasikwa. Ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa ngeke kuthinte izithelo zepheya lobumba. Bazoncibilika futhi bame futhi. Kodwa ubukhulu bezitshalo obuluhlaza buzofa uma bushiywe.
Entwasahlobo, izithelo ezisemibhedeni zinqunywa ngeziqu ezisikiwe. Zikhula ngokushesha futhi uma ungakulawuli ukukhula kwazo, ipheya lobumba liyakwazi ukususa ezinye izitshalo kusuka emibhedeni.
Isikhathi esihle sokuvuna ngu-Okthoba noma uNovemba. Kamuva, kuzoba nokuphuma kwezakhamzimba kusuka kwizilimo eziyizigaxa kuya ezihlokweni nasemacembe.
Uma kuhlelwe ukutshala ezinye izitshalo esizeni, inhlabathi iqale ihlwanyelwe ngezitshalo ze-silage. Ngemuva kwalokho ziqoqelwa ifolishi eliluhlaza, bese umhlaba umbiwe ngokujulile futhi kusetshenziswa amakhambi okubulala ukhula ukubhubhisa i-artichoke yaseJerusalema.
Isitoreji sokuvuna
Emhlabathini
Yilapho izithelo zigcinwa khona ende kunazo zonke... Ukwenza lokhu, zibekwa ngezendlalelo emgodini omncane futhi zimbozwe nge-peat noma ngesihlabathi ngaphezulu. Indawo yokugcina isomile futhi iphakeme. Kumbe umgodi ojule ngamasentimitha angama-30 uzungeze umsele wokukhipha amanzi.
Egumbini elingaphansi
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuniwe zigcinwa endaweni emnyama nepholile. Ingaphansi noma isela elinokushisa kufanelekile kusuka +1 kuya +4 degrees nomswakamo womoya kuze kufike ku-90%... Imifino yezimpande igcinwa emabhokisini okhuni. Zimbozwe isihlabathi futhi zimbozwe ngepulangwe.
Efulethini
I-loggia noma i-balcony e-glazed ilungele ukugcinwa. Uma izimpande ziba yiqhwa, ngeke zilahlekelwe yimpahla yazo yokudla okunempilo. Zigcinwa emabhokisini noma ezikhwameni ezigcwele isihlabathi izinyanga ezimbili.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ayinakuma ilanga ngqo nokushisa.
Isibandisi
Izimpande zezilimo zigezwa kahle futhi zomiswe. Ukugcina, sebenzisa izikhwama noma iziqukathi ezivaliwe. Izithelo ziyancibilika ngokuzibeka emanzini abandayo. I-artichoke entsha yaseJerusalema igcinwa esigabeni semifino kuze kube amasonto ama-3, efrijini - kufika ezinyangeni ezintathu.
Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi njengoba ipheya lobumba liyisitshalo esingenakuzithoba, lapho-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ulinakekele. Ukutshala imifino nokuthola isivuno esikhulu kunesidingo sokunaka kanye nomsebenzi omncane. Le yimisebenzi elula futhi emnandi. Bazokhokha ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zepheya lobumba. Ngemuva kwakho konke, impilo ingcebo enkulu okufanele ivikelwe.