Idada liyinkukhu ejwayelekile ejwayelekile egcekeni lasemakhaya. Imvamisa itholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ikakhulukazi uma kunamanzi amaningi lapho. Amadada afuyelwa inyama. Ngesikhathi senyanga eyodwa, izilwane ezincane zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-2,5 kg. Idrake yabantu abadala inesisindo esingaba ngu-4 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadada azalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-120 unyaka wonke.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokuzalanisa nokukhulisa amadada emakhaya wabaqalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizofunda ukuthi sondla kanjani kahle amadada ekhaya, hlobo luni lwe-mash, okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe, kuyini ukwakheka kwawo.
Ungazala kanjani futhi ukhulise amadada kwabaqalayo?
Ukugcina amadada ekhaya wabaqalayo akuhlukile kakhulu ekufuyeni izinkukhu noma amahansi. Kepha, kunamanye ama-nuances okufanele acatshangelwe lapho kuzaliswa le nyoni. Kufanele uhlale kuzo ngokuningiliziwe. Kubandakanya ukuthi amadada ahlala isikhathi esingakanani.
Ukukhulisa nokuzalanisa isikhukhukazi sezinkukhu
Iphuzu elithandekayo ukuthi amaqanda amadada angabekwa ngaphansi kwenkukhu noma i-turkey, futhi azoqandusela amaqanda, awaphathe njengawabo. Kepha idada noma ihansi akunakwenzeka ukuthi lifune ukwenza okufanayo ngamaqanda abanye abantu. Ngakho-ke, noma iziphi izinyoni ezintathu ezifuywayo zikhethwa njenge-brood hen - inkukhu, idada noma i-turkey. Vele, kungcono uma kuyidada.
Amaqanda afinyelela kwali-15 ngokuvamile abekwa ngaphansi kwedada uma kuhlelwe ukuthi amazinyane atholakala ehlobo aze afike kwayi-12 uma entwasahlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga lokushisa eliseduze. Ngokwemvelo, amaqanda amaningi abekwa ngaphansi kweTurkey, okuchazwa ngosayizi wayo omkhulu, nangaphansi kwenkukhu - kuncane. Into esemqoka ukuthi wonke amaqanda ku-clutch angaphansi kwesikhukhukazi ukuze awafudume ngokulingana ngomzimba wenkukhu.
Ngokwesikhukhukazi, isidleke esimise okomqhele senziwa ngotshani ukuze amaqanda angagingqiki ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Isikhukhukazi sizofaka ezinye izingxenye (ngokwesibonelo, izimpaphe). Ngezansi kwesidleke, uma sitholakala phansi, beka sawdust namakhoba.
Kungcono ukwenza isidleke egqumeni elincane futhi kude nelanga eliqondile, engxenyeni emnyama yendlu. Akunasidingo sokwenza umthunzi ngobuciko kule ndawo. Uma kubonakala kungathandeki kuwe, yenza ukwahlukanisa okungahambi kahle. Lokhu kuzohlukanisa isidleke esisodwa kwesinye futhi kudale umuzwa wenduduzo eyengeziwe.
Amaphuphu okuqala atholakala ezinsukwini ezingama-27 ngemuva kokuqala kokuchanyuselwa.
Wonke amatshwele kufanele achamisele izinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2. Ukuze isikhukhukazi singabanqobi, amadada ayiswa ebhokisini elihlukile ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathatha ibhokisi lekhadibhodi elimbozwe ngotshani naphansi. Ukushisa okujwayelekile kubo ngalesi sikhathi kungama-30 degrees. Ngakho-ke, uma i-brood ivela entwasahlobo, unakekele omunye umthombo wokushisa.
Gcina ibhokisi, ikesi noma ubhasikidi lapho amadada agcinwa omile khona.
Emva kokuba onke amadada esezelwe, abuyiselwa enkukhwini - idada. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa. Qiniseka ukuthi udada ongumama uyazamukela, ngoba phakathi nalesi sikhathi amaphuphu adinga imfudumalo ngokukhethekile.
Ungawakhulisa kanjani amadada emfucumfucumfucwini futhi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?
Inzuzo enkulu yokukhulisa amadada ku-incubator yikhono lokuthola amachwane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esivumelana nawe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awudingi ukuthi unakekele isikhukhukazi, futhi ungenza nesifucumfucu ngokwakho. Ama-incubator asekhaya anamuhla anezilawuli zokushisa nomswakama. Ngakho-ke, kufanele nje ubheke inqubo, uvule amaqanda (uma lokhu kunganikezwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokwakhiwa kwesifukamisi) futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uvule izinto zokusebenza zokupholisa kwazo okwesikhashana futhi ususe amagesi anqwabelene.
Ngaphambi kokubeka, i-incubator iyashiswa ngokubeka izinga lokushisa elingama-1-2 degrees ngaphezulu kunesidingo sokufukamela amaqanda ekuqaleni kwenqubo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Kunconywa ukwenza umswakama ophezulu womoya. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufakwa amathreyi wamanzi amaningi ku-pallet.
Ngenxa yokuthi igobolondo lamaqanda amadada linamandla kunenkukhu futhi makhulu ngosayizi, athe ukwehluka ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, inzalo ivela kamuva.
Amaqanda amadada adinga ukunakekelwa okwedlula amaqanda enkukhu futhi adinga umswakama ophezulu ngokwawo.
Esontweni lokuqala ngemuva kokubekwa, izinga lokushisa ku-incubator kufanele libe ngama-38 degrees (izinsuku zokuqala ezi-3 - 38.2, ezilandelayo ezi-4 - 37.8). Umswakama kufanele ugcinwe kuma-60%. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili amaqanda ku-incubator, kufanelekile ukuvula umnyango we-incubator imizuzu engama-30 kabili ngosuku, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-32 degrees. Ngemuva kwalokho umbuso wokushisa uphinde uqaliswe.
Uma une-ovoscope, hlola amaqanda ngemibungu ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-9-10. Ukwehla okucijile kokushisa komoya akumele kuvunyelwe. Amachwane achamisela ngosuku lwama-27- 28 kungakapheli usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Umswakama womoya ugcinwa kuma-55%. Ngemuva kokuthi amachwane esomile, adluliselwa ebhokisini, kubhasikidi, ebhokisini, ngemuva kokubeka sawdust owomile, amakhoba notshani phansi.
Faka umthombo owengeziwe wokushisa ukuze izinga lokushisa elincane ezingeni lodoti lingehli ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-28 kanye nomswakama womoya ofinyelela kuma-80%.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa okufanele
Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-20 zokuphila, amadada adinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe maqondana nokugcina umbuso wokushisa. Uma ziseduze kwedada, akufanele ukhathazeke ngomthombo owengeziwe wokushisa - idada ngokwalo liyakwazi ukuwavikela emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Esontweni lokuqala lokuphila, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ezingeni lodoti lama-27-30 degrees; ngesonto lesibili - 23-26, elesithathu - 19-22. Ngemuva kwalokho bajwayela ukushisa komoya okungokwemvelo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, udoti kufanele womile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amadada afriza futhi agule.
Isikhathi samahora emini ekuqaleni kwempilo kufanele sibe sezingeni lamahora angama-20 ngokuncipha kancane kancane kube ngamahora ayi-12 enyangeni eyodwa yobudala.
Amadada anedada avunyelwe ukuhamba ekuseni nantambama emva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ubudala. Kusihlwa, zivaliwe egumbini elinokushisa okwengeziwe uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi kwamamaki angenhla. Futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu ubudala, ungabashiya ngaphandle kwegumbi ubusuku nemini.
Ukuba khona kwedamu kuhle kakhulu ekukhuliseni amadada. Ngenyoni endala, ziyadedelwa zingene emanzini emva kwamasonto amathathu okuphila. Ngokuzimela - ngemuva kwenyanga. Ungagcina amadada ezinkanjini emasontweni amabili okuqala. Bese banikezwa inkululeko eyengeziwe. Okungukuthi, ukuhamba kancane. Ukukhula okuncane kwanyanga zonke kudluliswa ngokuphelele okuqukethwe ohambweni.
Ungayondla kanjani amadada: ukudla okuhlanganisiwe, imash namavithamini ngezandla zakho
Isikimu sokondla amantshontsho amadada ekhaya silula. Intsha isheshe ijwayele ukuthola ukudla ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, akudingeki ubafundise ngaphezu kokudla okuthile. Amadada akhula futhi akhuluphale ngokushesha. Emasontweni amathathu ubudala, unesisindo esingaba uhhafu wekhilogremu, ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha isisindo sakhe sisilinganiso sekhilogremu elilodwa nengxenye, futhi ezinyangeni ezi-2,5 usengabulawa, ngoba isisindo sakhe sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili nohhafu.
Kepha kungcono ukuwahlaba ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, ngoba ehlobo nasekwindla ukudla okuyinhloko kwamadada imifino nakho konke abakuthola ngokwabo echibini. Okusho ukuthi, kufanele usebenzise imali encane ekudleni.
Ukondla ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila
Ukondla amadada ekhaya ngesonto lokuqala kwenzeka izikhathi eziyi-6-8 emini. Isheduli ingenziwa ukuze okuphakelayo kokuqala kusekuseni kakhulu nokuphakelayo kokugcina ngaphambi kokuhlwa. Amaqanda abilisiwe aqhekekile, ushizi onamafutha aphansi, neminye imikhiqizo esuselwe ebisi yiyona ndlela yokudla eyinhloko yamadada ngalesi sikhathi.
Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze ukudla okuvela emikhombeni emincane, ngoba izitsha ezibanzi ngendlela ye-brazier zifaka isandla ekutheni amadada amane anyathele inqwaba yokudla. Izitsha zokuphuza akufanele zibekwe eduze kokudla, njengoba eyokugcina iba manzi futhi amanzi angcole.
Iqiniso ngukuthi idada liyinyoni yasemanzini. Emncane kakhulu, ukhombisa umzwelo wemvelo wokudla ukudla, kungaba emanzini, noma ukukuphuza ngqo ngemuva kokungena emlonyeni. Ngakho-ke, uma ubeka ophuzayo kude nokudla, idada, lize lifike kulowo ophuzayo ngemuva kokudla, selivele ligwinye ingxenye yalo enkulu. Ngakho-ke, kungagcinwa amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngendlela, kunconywa ukunciphisa i-potassium permanganate encane kuyo, kodwa kumthamo onjalo ongakwazi ukuguqula amanzi abomvana.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, baqala ukulungiselela imash yamadada avela emikhiqizweni engenhla ngokunezelwa ngesikhumba sommbila nesikolweni sikakolweni.
Njengenjwayelo, kufanele kunakekelwe ukugcina amanzi kulabo abaphuzayo ehlanzekile futhi ehlanzekile. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba amanzi angcolile namile athwala izifo eziningi.
Yikuphi ukudla okufanele kunikezwe abantu kusuka evikini elilodwa kuya kwamathathu?
Ungondla kanjani amadada amancane ekhaya? Ngemuva kwesonto lokuphila, amadada afundiswa ukuba luhlaza, ngoba ngokuzayo kuzoba ukudla okuyinhloko ekudleni kwezinyoni. Kule minyaka, idada lidla cishe amagremu angama-40 okudla okuhlukahlukene. Kancane kancane kwehlisa inani lamaqanda abilisiwe nemikhiqizo yobisi, esikhundleni salo kube nezingxenye ezinkulu zikakolweni nommbila. Ukudla kulekelelwa ngokudla kwezilwane: inhlanzi nenyama kanye nokudla kwethambo.
Lapho kufika amasonto amabili, idada lidinga cishe amagremu angama-60 ekhanda ngalinye. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqanda abilisiwe, ushizi we-cottage neminye imikhiqizo yobisi kukhishwe ngokuphelele ekudleni. Kunikezwa imifino engaphezulu esikhundleni salokho. Ngokufanelekile, idadawe. Le nyoni iyidla ngokujabula cishe cishe okungenamkhawulo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhula okunamandla nokuzuza okukhulu kuqala.
Akufanele ikhohlwe ukuthi idada elikhulayo lidla kancane kakhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 ubudala, amadada akhishwa echibini kanye nodada ongumama.
Ungasebenzisa ukondla "okomile", lapho kuzothengwa khona isabelo esiyinhloko sokuphakelwa kwamadada. Kulokhu, ukuzikhulisa kuzoba kubiza kakhulu, kepha amadada akhula ngokushesha.
Umshini uphekwa ngaphambi nje kokondla izinyoni, njengoba ukudla okumanzi okuphekwe kuqala kuzomuncu ngokushesha.
Ngabe amadada kufanele ondliwe kanjani kusukela enyangeni eyodwa kuya ekuhlatshweni?
Ungawondla kanjani amadada ekhaya ngenyanga? Ukugaya izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zokusanhlamvu, amabele, inyama namathambo kanye nenhlanzi, amagobolondo, ushoki, ukudla kukajongilanga, imvubelo yefolishi nemifino - lezi yizakhi ezakha ukudla kwezilwane ezisencane ngalesi sikhathi sempilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwadlisa echibini kuzokwehlukanisa ukudla futhi kuzonciphisa izindleko zesondlo cishe izikhathi ezi-2. Ingxenye yenkukhu ekudleni ingu-40%, imifino - 30%. Uma idada linamandla okudla i-duckweed, khona-ke ingxenye yemifino ekudleni iyanda ngesigamu esisodwa nengxenye.
Ungawagcina kanjani amadada amadala ekhaya?
Idada elidala (idrake), kuye ngohlobo, lingaba nesisindo esisuka kwamathathu kuye kwesine amakhilogremu. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zohlobo lwedada lenyama.
- I-Beijing: ikhula futhi izuze isisindo ngokushesha, ibekezelela ubusika kahle. Izilwane ezincane ezinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala zinesisindo esiphilayo esingaba ngu-2,5 kg. Idada elidala - kufika ku-3.5 kg, nedrake - kufika ku-4 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - kufika emaqanda ayi-110 ngonyaka. Inyama imnandi.
- Umbala weBashkir: inyama inekhwalithi enhle kakhulu, ivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezintsha zokugcina, okuqukethwe okunamafutha kuphansi. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu.
- Isifuba esimnyama esimnyama: isisindo sedada esikhulile singu-3-3.5 kg, idrake lifinyelela ku-4 kg. Inyama imnandi. Isici esivelele salolu hlobo ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okwandisiwe - kufika kumaqanda ayi-130-140 ngonyaka.
- EMoscow White: isisindo siyefana naleso samabele amnyama amhlophe. Inyama ithambe kakhulu futhi iyababa. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu - kuze kube yizicucu eziyi-160 ngonyaka.
- Okumpunga kwe-Ukraine: isisindo esibukhoma samadrake singama-3-3.5 kg. Weft - kufika ku-3 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuphakeme kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela izingcezu ezingama-220 ngonyaka.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zenyama, amaqanda neqanda, kungalandelwa okulandelayo.
- Khaki Campbell - Inyama neqanda lohlobo lwamadada. Uyehluka kumlingiswa ozolile. Isisindo seqanda esimaphakathi - 75 g, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - kufika kwizicucu ezingama-330. Isisindo seDrake - kufika ku-3 kg, amadada - afinyelela ku-2.5 kg.
- Umgijimi waseNdiya - uhlobo lweqanda. Lathola igama lalo ekuhambeni kwalo okuphezulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nesisindo kuyefana neKhaki-Campbell. Inyama inambitheka njengenkukhu.
Ukunquma ngokukhetha uhlobo lohlobo, udinga ukuzinqumela wena ukuthi yiziphi izinhloso ozibambayo ukuzikhulisa. Izinhlobo zenyama zinesisindo esiningi, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuncane, kuzinhlobo zenyama yeqanda nenyama yamaqanda - kunalokho. Amadada amhlophe nawaseFrance nawo alungele ukukhula.
Amadada agcinwa ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Esimweni sokuqala, kufanele zondle ngokuqina kakhulu ngenxa yokudla okuhlanganisiwe nokuhamba okuphansi kwale nyoni.
Igumbi kufanele lingeniswe umoya, likhanye ngokulingene futhi lifudumele. Idada elidala libekezelela kahle ubusika, kepha kungcono ukuthi izinga lokushisa lasendlini ngalesi sikhathi alihli ngaphansi kuka-5 degrees Celsius. Okwesikwele esingu-1. m yale ndawo kufuywa amadada ama-4.
Ukuhamba ngendlela kungcono kule nyoni. Kepha kuya ngekhono lokwenza uhambo olunjalo kanye nokuba khona kwedamu. Kulokhu, kungcono ukuhlukanisa imfuyo ngamaqembu amancane - amakhanda ayi-10-15 lilinye, uwahlukanise ngama-partitions aphansi. Emizimbeni yamanzi, kukhethwa imifula namachibi angajulile. Izindlela zibiyiwe ngocingo oluphansi. Zingenziwa eduze kwezindlu zezinkukhu ukuze amadada akwazi ukucasha endaweni embozwe uma ethanda.
Okuphakelayo kuyafana nokwentsha. Kugcizelelwa okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu nommbila, ngommbila omningi ekubunjweni. Unganiki amadada isinkwa semvuthu, okuthinta kabi uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwenyoni.
Kuyenqatshelwe futhi ukunganiki i-mash entsha. Ngokuvamile, uma kukhona ukusola mayelana nekhwalithi yokuphakelayo, kungcono ukuyeka ukuyondla inyoni. Ungakhohlwa ukunikeza isisindo esiluhlaza okotshani noma ukusikhipha ukuze uhambe emadlelweni uma lungekho idamu eduze. Uma kunamanani aseduze noma ichibi - abashayele lapho. Kuwo, amadada azothola inqwaba yokudla kwawo.
Uma amadada ondliwa ngokuhlanganiswa okungaphakelwa okuhlanganisiwe, ukwakheka kwawo kungaba kanjena:
- Ama-40% okugcoba inhlanganisela yezitshalo zokusanhlamvu, okungenani ingxenye yazo ummbila;
- 30% ubukhulu obuluhlaza;
- 10% imfucuza okusanhlamvu;
- 7% ikhekhe nokudla;
- 7% ukudla kwezilwane;
- Amagobolondo angama-6%, ushoki, imvubelo yokondla, amavithamini, izithako zamaminerali, njll.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza amavithamini kumadada namadada amadala, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zasekwindla-ebusika nasebusika-entwasahlobo, lapho kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele futhi kungekho luhlaza nhlobo. Uma kuyinkinga ukuthenga amavithamini, ungasebenzisa imvubelo ka-brewer, aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, ama-carbohydrate kanye ne-fiber.
Ukuzalisa amadada akuyona into enkulu. Into esemqoka esigabeni sokuqala sokulima kwabo ukunaka izinqubo zokudla, ukubanikeza ukudla okulinganiselayo nokubatholela indawo yokuhamba nezinqolobane zabo. Ngaleso sikhathi umndeni wakho ngeke ube nenyama ethambile futhi emnandi, kepha uzokwazi nokukhokhela izindleko zokugcina le nyoni ngenzalo ngokuthengisa inqwaba yemikhiqizo.