U-Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, isazi sezinto eziphilayo kanye nomsunguli wokukhethwa kwesayensi, owazala izinhlobo eziningi zamajikijolo, wawubiza ngokuthi ngamagilebhisi asenyakatho.
I-shrub engapheli ibilokhu ijabulisa abalimi amakhulu eminyaka., kodwa ngokunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukungazinaki ngokwabo, ama-gooseberries akhokha, okungenani, ngesivuno esincane, okubi kakhulu ngokufa kwawo ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Yini i-gooseberries ehlushwa yiyo
Isitshalo ngokwaso siyakhethwa, ama-gooseberries angafa ezimweni ezimbili, uma izinambuzane ziyihlasela noma yagula.
Uma ufuna ukuthi i-shrub ikhule futhi ithele izithelo, kufanele uhlale ubheka isimo sayo.
Ngokuvamile, i-gooseberries ihlupheka ngezifo zefungal.ezisakazeka ngokushesha njengoba izinhlamvu zesikhunta zisizwa yizimo zemvelo ngendlela yemvula nomoya.
Izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane - ama-aphid, izibungu kanye nezibungu - kubangele ukulimala okungenakulungiswa kuma-gooseberries. Futhi okubi kakhulu, uma lezi zinkinga ezimbili "zihlangene", khona-ke isihlahla kufanele sisindiswe ngokushesha.
Okokuqala, izifo ze-gooseberry zidinga ukwelashwa, aziziningi kakhulu, kepha zonke ziyabulala esitshalweni.
Izifo nokwelashwa
Ukuqhakaza okumhlophe yi-powdery isikhutha noma i-spheroteka
Lesi yisifo esithinta isihlahla sonke, okokuqala kumajikijolo noma ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zeqabunga, Ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kwakhiwa - kakade phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuyaphuthuma ukuthatha isinyathelo.
Inani eliphakeme lalesi sifo liphela entwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kulesi sigaba izinhlamvu ze-fungus zihlala, izihlahla ezintsha ziyathinteka. Ehlobo, ukhunta uyaqina, udala i-conidia kwizizukulwane eziningi ezingamashumi, ngokuwa - isitshalo sithinteka ngokuphelele.
Ekuqaleni, i-plaque isuswa kalula embungwini, kodwa uma ingalashwa, iba mnyama, iqine futhi ibe ngathi izwakala. Isitshalo sonke simbozwe ngalokhu, sikhubazeke ngokuphelele futhi ngemuva kwezinkathi ezimbalwa sife siphephile.
Okufanele ngikwenze? Ungayelapha; ngalokhu, kusetshenziswa izindlela eziningana:
- hlanganisa isisombululo se-soda ash nenani elincane lensipho yokuwasha (50/50), thela amanzi ngamalitha ayishumi, fafaza isihlahla kuze kufike lapho kuqubuka khona;
- hlanganisa uthuli lwe-hay nenhlabathi yokushisa, yenza ukumnika (ukumnika kufanele kumelele cishe izinsuku ezintathu), thela i-1/3 ngamanzi, fafaza sonke isitshalo izikhathi ezintathu ngesizini, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngemuva kokuqhakaza nasekwindla, ngaphambi kokuba amahlamvu awe;
- i-powder yesomile eyomile (2 wezipuni), amahlumela amancane egalikhi kanye ne-horsetail - thumba imizuzu engama-30, upholile, cubungula sonke isitshalo;
- i-tincture yamasitepisi katamatisi ngensipho yokuwasha (50 amagremu) - fafaza isihlahla, unameke isitshalo ngotamatisi ngeziqu ebusika.
Isikhunta se-Powdery asilimazi nje kuphela ugqumugqumu uqobo, izitshalo eziningi ezikhulayo eziseduze zihlupheka ngakho.
Yini okufanele uyenze nge-anthracnose?
Amabala amancane ansundu akhula futhi athinte wonke amaqabunga, ziyawa, amahlumela amasha ayeke ukukhula, isivuno cishe asisizi ngalutho.
Ngalesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukushisa lonke iqabunga, ukhunta luzohlala emaqabungeni angahlanzekile entwasahlobo.
Umzabalazo owengeziwe:
- fafaza nge-sulfate yethusi ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 amanzi amagremu angama-40;
- fafaza nge-Bordeaux liquid - amahlandla ama-4 ngesizini, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokufafaza kwesibili kanye nesikhathi sokugcina ngemuva kokuvuna;
- ungafaka i-cuprozan, i-colloidal sulfur noma i-chomycin.
Ungasusa kanjani isifo se-septoria?
Isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokukhula kwaso sisuka entwasahlobo entwasahlobo kuye ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo, izingxenye ezingezansi zamaqabunga zimbozwe ukuqhuma okumhlophe noma izindawo ezimpunga, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi indawo ensundu, noma indawo emhlophe.
Uma lesi sitshalo singelashwa, izimvu zamanzi ezinsundu zimila ezincwadini zamaqabunga, bese kuvela amachashazi amnyama eqabeni uqobo, bese kuthinteka namahlumela ehlathini. Amaqabunga omile futhi awe phakathi nenyanga.
Ungayisusa kanjani: amagatsha athintekile namaqabunga awile kufanele anqunywe ngokushesha futhi ashiswe, ngoba isikhunta asifi namaqabunga. Ngemuva kokukhipha izindawo ezithintekile, isihlahla kufanele siphathwe ngama-fungicides.
Nge-septoria, isihlahla sidinga ngethusi, i-manganese, i-zinc ne-boron, zidinga ukuvundiswa futhi zixutshwe nenhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla!
Ukugqwala kwe-Goblet, noma kungani izithelo ziwa
Ithinta amaqabunga e-gooseberry anezindawo ezigqwalile, eziwolintshi, ezimise ingilazi. Lesi sitshalo sibuye sitheleleke ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo isitshalo sishintsha ngaphandle, sikhubazeke. Amajikijolo aba mabi futhi awe.
Phatha:
- Isixazululo sendawo yonke - i-crystalline hydrate (30-40 amagremu) ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi, cubungula konke ngokuphelele, kuze kufike emhlabathini ongaphansi kwesihlahla nxazonke zehlathi;
- sebenzisa njalo umanyolo osuselwa ku-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Susa i-sedge uma ikhona endaweni yakho, noma utshale ama-gooseberries endaweni ephakeme lapho amanzi engami khona.
Ungabhekana kanjani ne-gooseberry mosaic?
Iphethini eliphuzi emithanjeni yeqabunga lidala ukuthi amaqabunga ashwabane bese isitshalo siyeke ukuthela izithelo.
Isihlahla kufanele simbiwe ngokushesha futhi sishiswe, ngoba i-gooseberry enjalo ayikwazi ukwelashwa.
Ukuvikela kuphela okuzosiza, ukuvalelwa wedwa, ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane ezincelayo namathuluzi engadi ukubulala amagciwane.
Ingabe isihlahla siyawachitha amahlamvu aso? Ukugqwala kwekholomu!
Kuvela esitshalweni ngenxa yokusondela kwezihlahla ze-coniferous... Amaqabunga ambozwe ngama-pads e-orange, lawa ama-spores akhiwa ehlobo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isihlahla singakhipha amahlamvu aso, ukukhula nokuvunwa kuncishiswe. Isikhunta sibekezelela ubusika emaqabungeni awile ama-currants nakuma-conifers.
Ukwelashwa:
- i-columnar rust iphathwa ngendlela efanayo nezifo ezine-anthracnose;
- qiniseka ukumba inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla bese ushisa amaqabunga awile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungatshali ama-gooseberries eduze kwama-conifers.
Izinambuzane zaseJardin nezinyathelo zokulawula
Ama-gooseberries nawo angafa ngenxa yezinambuzane, azikho ngaphansi kwezifo, futhi uma ungazinaki, ungaqinisekiswa ukuthi ulahlekelwe amajikijolo ezwe lakho.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- amacimbi - "umzali" wevemvane le-sawfly noma inundu, udle ama-ovari, umboze isihlahla ngezintambo;
- i-aphid - kuthinta womabili amaqabunga namahlumela, ihlaba imithambo yegazi, ingalimaza isikhathi eside, ngoba kunzima ukuyibona ngokushesha;
- ingilazi icala - udla umnyombo wamahlumela;
- i-currant gall midge - izibungu zidla izimbali, amahlumela, amaqabunga;
- imbuzane - Ungena efihlekile ugqumugqumu, udla ijusi lamahlamvu amancane, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungumthwali wegciwane le-terry.
Ungalwa nalezi zinambuzane ngemithi efanayo, into esemqoka ukuthi awudingi ukuyeka ukufafaza okukodwa.
Lapho nje izinso zivuleka, ngokushesha phatha nge-karbofos noma i-actellik futhi uqhubeke ufafaza kuze kuvele amahlumela, ukwelashwa okulandelayo ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Susa futhi ubhubhise wonke amahlumela alimele namaqabunga uma isihlahla siqala ukuwachitha.
Amathiphu awusizo nezindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuze ukwazi ukuphuza itiye nama-gooseberries kusihlwa ebusika, kufanele njalo ubheke isimo sayo, ugcine imithetho ye-agrotechnical, futhi wenze nokuvikela okuyimpoqo.
Zonke lezi zinyathelo zizosiza ukonga ihlathi nesitshalo, futhi ukuze kube njalo, isitshalo kufanele siniselwe ngesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma ihlobo lishisa - leli berry lihlonipha ukuphola.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi kushintshwe amalungiselelo abhubhisa izinambuzane minyaka yonke, ungakhohlwa izindlela zabantu zokuhlanza izihlahla kusuka "kulodger", ngokwesibonelo, kungani ungabutheli ama-ladybirds bese uwavumela ukuba aye kuma-aphid. Noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, thela amanzi abilayo phezu kwesihlahla sonke.
Kuyadingeka ukondla izihlahla ngesikhathi... Lokhu kudinga umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali, ngokwesibonelo, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amabhulefi ancibilike, engeza i-ammonium nitrate (25 amagremu) kanye ne-urea (30 amagremu) ngemitha eyisikwele. imitha.
Ngemuva konyaka, ekwindla, umanyolo we-potash-phosphorus umquba obolile, i-potassium chloride ne-superphosphate.
Umi ufulathele ehlathini, fafaza umanyolo uzungeze ebangeni elingamamitha amabili, khulula umhlaba, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lusekujuleni okufika kwengxenye yemitha.
Umanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo ekwindla:
Izithelo zehlathi: kokubili umlindi kanye nejusi yokudla
Isiko lamajikijolo lisetshenziselwa ukwenza izithelo eziyisitshulu, ijeli, nojamu, akuyona indawo yokugcina ku-cosmetology ne-dietetics, ngoba leli berry linokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fiber namavithamini.
Kwanele ukuthi udle uhhafu wekhilogremu lamajikijolo ngosuku ukuze ugcwalise ukudla ngakho konke okuncane futhi okukhulu, ukhulule amathumbu futhi uthonye inqubo yokwehlisa isisindo.
Isihlahla esivuthiwe se-gooseberry sifinyelela ku-1.5 m ukuphakama namamitha amabili ububanzi, lesi sitshalo sihlala isikhathi eside, sineziqu eziningi futhi, uma sinakekelwa kahle, sisazothela. Kwesinye isikhathi kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungaqoqa kuze kufike kuma-25 kg amagilebhisi asenyakatho.
Esakhiweni somuntu siqu, singatshalwa eceleni komngcele wocingo, ebangeni elingaba ngu-1.5-2 m ukusuka ocingweni, ugqumugqumu uzokhula futhi uzodlala indawo yokuba ngumlindi, ngoba akukho sihambi esizodlula ehlathini laso elinameva.