Abalimi abaningi be-novice abazi ukuthi kukhona ukhukhamba wamahlathi. Ubude beziqu zabo bufinyelela ku-30-50 cm kuphela. Ukunakekelwa kwesiko elinjalo kulula, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sifushane. Ungakwazi ngisho nokubona lezo zitshalo ngamagama azo: Ingane, iKustovoy, iKorotyshka, njll. Ikhukhamba iMalsh lithandwa ezindaweni zethu, izithelo zalo ezisetshenziswa yonke indawo. Incazelo kanye nezici zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatholakala ngezansi.
Incazelo kanye nezici zezinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba Kid
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba zingezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, izithelo zivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-40 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ubude besiswebhu bufinyelela ku-30-40 cm kuphela, izithelo - kufika ku-9 cm... Isikhumba esiluhlaza okomnyama sinesakhiwo esi-coarsely tuberous esinomphetho omhlophe.
Lesi sitshalo sinokuzivikela okuhle, okusivumela ukuthi simelane nesikhunta, igciwane lesikhukhamba kanye nezinye izifo. Isivuno asiphuli irekhodi, kepha sizinzile, u-2-2.5 kg angasuswa esihlahleni esisodwa (cishe 40-45 zelents). Ubukhulu besifanekiso esisodwa esilingana naphakathi ngu-80-90 amagremu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeMalshsh zakhiwa abalimi besiteshi sokuhlola iVolgograd VNIIR.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinhlobonhlobo zeMalshsh sezivele zaziswa futhi zathandwa ngabalimi basekhaya. Ekubuyekezweni kwabo kwezakhiwo nezimfanelo zemifino ekhulile, izinzuzo ezilandelayo zivame ukugqanyiswa:
- i-ultra ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, ukuhluma okuhle;
- othandekayo izimfanelo zokunambitha ngaphandle komunyu;
- ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke (okusha nokulungiselela ubusika);
- izithelo kuthuthwe kahleukugcina isethulo;
- endaweni encane kufanelana nezihlahla eziningi;
- ubude besiqu esifushane ikuvumela ukuthi uhambe kalula phakathi kwemigqa ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulimaza igatsha noma izithelo;
- yinde impilo eshalofini ngaphandle kokulahleka kwesethulo (izinsuku eziyi-10);
- ukumelana okuhle ngaphambi kwezilokazane nezifo.
Isiko alinakho ukungalungi, okuyinhloko yayo i-fruiting enamandla. Ukuvuna kunconywa nsuku zonke ukuvimbela ukhukhamba ukuthi uvuthwe ngokweqile.... Isiko lithanda kakhulu amanzi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuphula umbuso wokunisela. Izinhlobonhlobo zeMalshsh zitshalwa kuphela endle, ezikhawulela izindlela zokutshala.
Izidingo zenhlabathi zokutshala
Inhlabathi yamakhukhamba eMalshshok ilula, ayinayo i-asidi. Ukulungiswa kwesiza sokubeka imibhede kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla. Okokuqala, kufanele unqume kahle indawo. Kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle futhi ingeniswe nomoya. Uma kunezitshalo ezinde eziseduze, khona-ke ukufiphaza okuncane akuphazamisi inkathi yokukhula nokuthela. Abanduleli abathandekayo yibo:
- utamatisi;
- amazambane okuqala;
- ukolweni;
- uphizi.
Ngemuva kwe-zucchini, ithanga, u-squash, u-garlic, akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhule ukhukhamba ngenxa yokonakaliswa kwenhlabathi.
Indawo yemibhede kufanele igugulwe ngokwethulwa ngasikhathi sinye komquba (ibhakede nge-1 m2)... Enye indlela ukufaka umanyolo enhlabathini ngxube kasawoti we-potassium (25 g) ne-superphosphate (40 g). Umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo uhambisana nokumba isiza nokwethulwa kwe-ammonium nitrate emhlabathini (15-20 amagremu nge-1 m2).
Izinhlobo zenhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye ne-loamy zithathwa njengenhlabathi ekahle yamakhukhamba akhulayo.
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Imbewu yokuhlwanyela ilungiswa kusengaphambili. Kudingeka zihlungwe futhi zifakwe imizuzu engama-20 kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate sokukhipha igciwane. Ngemuva kwenqubo, imbewu iyagezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi yomiswe. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele isongwe ngendwangu emanzi ukuze ihlume. Kubalulekile ngalesi sikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indwangu ihlala imanzi.
Imbewu elungiselelwe itshalwa ngokohlelo:
- ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kungama-45 cm;
- isikhawu phakathi kwezimbobo - 25 cm;
- ukujula ukucwiliswa kwezinhlamvu - 3 cm.
Ngemuva kokutshala, umbhede umbozwe ngefilimu engasuswa kuze kuvele amahlumela. Esimweni sezulu esingesihle, kunconywa ukumboza amahlumela aqhamukayo ebusuku ukuze angabi yiqhwa uma kuneqhwa.
Ukuze bathole isivuno sokuqala ezimweni ezibandayo, abalimi basebenzisa indlela yezithombo yokutshala ukhukhamba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu elungiselelwe (emanziswe ngesisombululo se-nitrophoska) ihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ezinkomishini ezihlukile ezigcwele i-substrate ye-peat, i-humus nenhlabathi. Ungangeza nomlotha omncane wokhuni kanye ne-nitrophoska (1.5 wezipuni ibhakede ngalinye lenhlanganisela). Ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga ama-4-5 akhiwe ezitsheni, ungawadlulisela emhlabathini ovulekile.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya libe ngaphezu kuka + 16-18 ° С ngesikhathi sasemini. Ebusuku, kungcono ukumboza umbhede nge-agrofibre okokuqala ngqa ukudala ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo ekubandeni.
Lapho ufaka izithombo emibhedeni, udinga ukudlulisa ngokucophelela isihlahla ngasinye emgodini kanye ne-substrate. Izimpande azithuthukiswa kahle kumahlumela amancane, zonakaliswa kalula uma ziphathwa ngokunganaki.
Ukunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene ngemuva kokutshala
Ukhula kanye nokuxegiswa kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanele kufaka isandla enqubweni ekhulayo, ngakho-ke ukhula kufanele lususwe njalo emibhedeni... Indawo enjalo ingalimaza izimpande zezithombo, ivuse ukubola kwezitshalo. I-Aeration iyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa okujwayelekile; ukungabikho komoya-mpilo kunciphisa amasosha omzimba amasiko, okwenza kube sengozini yezifo.
Ukhukhamba uthanda kakhulu amanzi, ukuhlukahluka kweMalysh akunjalo. Kungcono ukunisela amahlathi ngengcindezi ebuthakathaka, umfudlana oqinile uveza izimpande, ngenxa yalokho isitshalo somile. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuchelela zibhekwa njengezifanelekile:
- ukufafaza;
- uhlelo lokudonsa.
Izinqubo zokuvama isikhathi esisodwa ngosuku, futhi uma ingekho imvula, i-humidification yenziwa kabili.
Izinhlobo ezinesikhathi sokuqala sokuvuthwa zibonakala ngohlaza olunamandla. Lokhu kuchaza isidingo sokunisela kaningi nokwethulwa kwezithibelo. Ingxenye yokuqala yethulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, okulandelayo - njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa njengokudla, okulungiswa kusuka ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo:
- ibhakede lamanzi;
- isipuni se-urea, i-potassium sulfate, i-superphosphate;
- ingilazi ye-mullein (ukungaguquguquki kwama-mushy).
Enye indlela ye-mullein i-humanite (isipuni esingu-1 ngebhakede ngalinye lamanzi). Umanyolo nawo kufanelekile:
- Umondli wesinkwa;
- Inzalo;
- I-Fontanelle;
- Okufanelekile.
Abalimi abanesipiliyoni baxwayisa abaqalayo ngamaphutha avame ukwenziwa lapho kukhula ukhukhamba wamahlathi:
- Lapho kwakhiwa amaqabunga ayi-6-7 mpintsha ithiphu egatsheni ukwakha elinye igatsha. Endabeni yamakhukhamba, i-Kid, le nqubo ibhekwa njengengadingekile.
- Akufanele ukunciphisa ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo lapho ufika, ukuqina kuvusa ukubola... Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi aheha izinambuzane.
- Lapho ukhula izithombo, kuyadingeka emavikini angu-1-2 ziqinisa izitshalo ngaphambi kokudlulisela emhlabathini ovulekile... Ngaphandle kwalokho, zizowela emibhedeni lapho kunomoya wokuqala.
- Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kwenhlabathi. Vimbela ukuma kwamanzi kuwongaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ekubola kwezimpande.
- Akunandaba ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zimelana kangakanani nezifo nezinambuzane, akufanele utshale imbewu njalo ngonyaka endaweni efanayo.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Imvamisa, ukhukhamba uthinteka yizifo zefungal. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokungcola kwenhlabathi noma imbewu. Njengesilinganiso sokuvikela, kunconywa ukuthi ucwilise imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Unganisela nemibhede yesikhathi esizayo ngayo. Ngale njongo, isisombululo sikasawoti naso kufanelekile (ingilazi eyodwa ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi).
Izifo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengeziyingozi kakhulu kumasiko:
- ukubola okumpunga;
- ukubola okumhlophe;
- ikhukhamba KaMose;
- indawo yomnqumo;
- ukubola kwezimpande.
Ukuqapha njalo, ukunakekelwa okufanele nokusabela ngokushesha lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala zokulimala kwezitshalo kuzosiza ukuvikela isivuno ekufeni. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isihlahla esinempilo nesiqinile sivikeleke kakhulu ezifweni kunamahlumela abuthakathaka. Udinga ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki ngokudla okufika ngesikhathi... Ukwakheka kwezakhi zenhlabathi kugcwalisa ukhukhamba ngezinto eziwusizo.
Lapho ukhula ukhukhamba, kubalulekile ukwethula inani elanele le-phosphorus ne-potassium kuwo. Kodwa i-nitrogen isetshenziswa ngomthamo olinganiselwe.
Imithetho yokuvuna nokugcina
Ngosuku lwama-39-40 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo ngenhla kobuso bomhlaba, sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna. Isikhathi esinqunyiwe siwela engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi. Ukuvuthwa okunzulu kukwenza uhlole imibhede nsuku zonke. Izithelo ezisebenzayo zenzeka kungakapheli amasonto amabili... Imifino evuniwe igcinwa endaweni epholile izinsuku eziyi-10 uma kunesidingo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithelo azilahlekelwa izimfanelo zazo nokwethulwa.
Ukuphepha kwesivuno esivuniwe kuthonywa indlela yokususa isithelo emqubeni. Kubalulekile ukushiya umsila omncane kwimifino ngaphandle kokulimaza isikhumba.... Ngasikhathi sinye, iziqu azidingi ukuphendulwa, futhi nangaphezulu ukujikisa ezinhlangothini ukuthola indawo eluhlaza.
Imithetho elula yokunakekelwa nokumelana namakhukhamba ezifweni yenza kube lula ukukhulisa isivuno ezifundeni ezinezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Futhi isikhathi sokuqala sokuvuthwa siqinisekisa isivuno esihle.