Amajikijolo awawona amajikijolo athandwa kakhulu eRussia, awatshalwa lapha ngezinga lezimboni, njengesibonelo, e-USA. Kepha izakhamizi zasehlobo zaseRussia ziyasinaka lesi sitshalo, sizikhetha kuwo wonke amajikijolo ajwayelekile. Lezi zinhlobo zamajikijolo zingezomndeni ofanayo - iRosaceae. Kepha, ngokungafani nesihlobo sakhe, amajikijolo anokumelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane... Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ijikijolo alidingi ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ongazithola kumajikijolo, ikakhulukazi izimpukane, izizathu zokuvela kwazo nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.
Kungani izinambuzane ezinambuzane zivela kumajikijolo amnyama?
Amajikijolo angahlaselwa izinambuzane ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Umugqa phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zamajikijolo namajikijolo uya ngokuya ufiphala. Ikhwalithi ephezulu yesimanje eminingi Izinhlobo zamajikijolo zinegciwane lojingijolo kuhlobo lwazo lwe-genotype, futhi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zivame ukutshalwa endaweni. Konke lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kancane kancane kwejikijolo lokumelana kwalo ngokwemvelo nezifo nezinambuzane.
- Ngaphandle kwamajikijolo, Amajikijolo akufanele futhi atshalwe eduze kwamahlathi ama-strawberry asendle, ama-rose hips nama roses... Leli berry linezinambuzane ezivamile ngalezi zitshalo.
- Ngokuvamile, abalimi ngokwabo baba imbangela yokusakazeka kwezinambuzane ezindaweni zokutshala amajikijolo, bethenga izithombo hhayi ezinkulisa ezinkulu, kodwa kubantu abangahleliwe, ngokwesibonelo, abazithengisa eduze komgwaqo omkhulu. Noma inketho iba yimbi nakakhulu lapho isitshalo sithengwa ngohambo lwaphesheya. Kungani lokhu kungenziwa? Noma ngabe amajikijolo amakhulu kangakanani othenjiswe wona, akukufanele ukuthenga izinhlobo ezingavivinywa futhi ezingashintshelwa esifundeni sakho... Ngenxa yesitshalo esingabazisayo, uzibeka engcupheni yokudala ukugqashuka kwesifo esingaziwa engadini yakho, noma ukusabalalisa izinambuzane ezinambuzane kuyo yonke insimu.
- Ukungabi nokunakekelwa okufanele kwezitshalo... Ukuze amajikijolo akwazi ukuhlala enempilo futhi akujabulise ngesivuno esikhulu, adinga ukondliwa, afuthwe ngezinambuzane, futhi avikelwe kukhula.
Uma ungafuni ukubeka engcupheni isivuno sakho se-blackberry, kungcono ukunakekela ukuvikela isitshalo ezinambuzane ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ubani okufanele ulwe naye. Futhi izitha zokuqala ongahlangana nazo yizimpukane ezindiza ezihlahleni.
Izimpukane kumajikijolo amajikijolo kanye namajikijolo: izinhlobo zazo nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo
Phakathi kwezimpukane ezinganaki amajikijolo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinambuzane zingahlukaniswa.
Impukane yesiqu samajingijolo
Isinambuzane esincane sombala ompunga, ubude baso abudluli ku-5 mm. Ebusika, impukane iphephela esicongweni somhlabathi, futhi ishiya indawo yayo yokuhlala ngesikhathi lapho amahlumela amasha amajikijolo eqala ukukhula khona... Eningizimu yeRussia, lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi no-Ephreli, naphakathi komugqa ophakathi nendawo - cishe phakathi noMeyi.
Ukwazi isikhathi sokuhamba kwesinambuzane, ungazilapha ngaphambilini izingxenye ezingaphezulu zamahlumela amancane ngemithi efana ne-Actellik noma i-Iskra. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu ekutshalweni yisilokazane (kufika ku-50%), ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuzoba ukuphela kwendlela yokulondoloza isivuno.
Ngemuva kokuba impukane ishiye inhlabathi, iqala ukuzala. Indawo yokubeka amaqanda yizono ezisezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamaqabunga e-blackberry. Isibungu sichanyuselwa eqandeni, futhi nguyena odala umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni, edonsa izindinyana ezinama-helical ngeziqu. Ngenxa yalokho, ihlumela liqala ukubuna, liqala phezulu, bese kamuva limnyama futhi libole kanye namajikijolo.
Isitshalo esinjalo singasindiswa kuphela ngokusika amahlumela alimele. Kunezindlela ezimbili:
- Ukuthena ihlumela ngokuphelele, emhlabathini impela... Le ndlela isetshenziswa njengesixazululo sokugcina lapho isibungu sesivele sifinyelele ezansi kwehlumela. Ngokunquma izindawo ezilimele zamajikijolo ngale ndlela, uzolahlekelwa yingxenye enkulu yesitshalo.
- Lapho nje iphuzu lehlumela liqala ukuphela, futhi amaqabunga aphenduka amnyama kulezi zeluleko, ngokushesha usike amagatsha ngesigamu... Izingxenye ezisikiwe zamagatsha kufanele zishiswe ukuze kubhujiswe izibungu. Le ndlela ngeke isize kuphela ukugcina isivuno, kepha futhi izokwandisa, ngenxa yokuthenwa okuyingxenye.
Futhi enye indlela yokubhubhisa impukane yesiqu se-raspberry ekwindla ukumba umhlaba ngaphansi kwezihlahla... Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ususe lesi silokazane lapho sisesimweni sokuzivikela, sibeka phansi ubusika.
Okusajingijolo ukudubula inyongo midge
Elinye igama lalesi sinambuzane umiyane we-raspberry.... Kunzima kakhulu ukuyithola esitshalweni kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho isivele idale umonakalo omkhulu, ngoba ubukhulu bayo bungu-1.5-2 mm kuphela.
Isinambuzane sowesifazane sizalela amaqanda ngaphansi kwegxolo lalesi sitshalo, ngokuvamile ezansi kweqabunga. Ngemuva kwesonto, izibungu zizalwa ngamaqanda, eziqala ukondla izingqimba ezingaphakathi zamahlumela... Ukusuka kulokhu, aqala ukumbozwa ngamabala ansundu, aphenduka amnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana, igxolo liwohloka ngokuphelele, liveza ihlumela, bese liphuka. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlanzwa kwenhlanzeko kuyadingeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla, oqukethe ukususa lesi sitshalo emahlumela agulayo, alimele kanye ne-fruiting.
- Ukubhubhisa isinambuzane ngenkathi sisemhlabathini, ungakwazi bamba umhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ujule ngo-15 cm.
- Ukuze kubambezeleke ukuhamba kwesinambuzane, indawo yezimpande ingafakwa ungqimba lwe-peat ka-8-10 mm.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngokumelene ne-shoot gall midge kwenziwa kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli, kuze kufike lesi sinambuzane isikhathi sokushiya inhlabathi. Kulesi simo, amahlumela afuthwa, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe engxenyeni yawo engezansi, kanye nakwisiyingi esiseduze. Ama-insecticide anjengeCalypso 480 KS, Karate, Iskra, Mospilan 20 SP, Arivo, Confidor asiza kahle.
Ngenxa yobuthi obukhulu, akufanele usebenzise imikhiqizo yakudala efana neKarbofos, i-BI-58, iFufanon. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuzisebenzisa, isixazululo akufanele sibe ngaphezu kuka-0.75%.
Lapho usebenzisa amakhemikhali ukulawula izinambuzane, hlala uqhathanisa umonakalo ovela ekulahlekelweni kwezitshalo nomonakalo ongabangelwa ukusetshenziswa kaningi kwemithi enobuthi. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokusabalala okukhulu kwesinambuzane, kulula ukufaka esikhundleni sento yokutshala kunokuzibeka engcupheni yokufakwa ushevu wamakhemikhali.
Abanye abalimi ekulweni nenyongo midge bakhetha ukusebenzisa amakhambi esintu:
- Icubungula amajikijolo ngesinaphi esiyimpuphubuhlanjululwe emanzini.
- Sebenzisa ukufafaza ukumnika kwe-tansy (350 g tansy eyomile ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
- Ukutshala ugarlic no-anyanisi ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
Izindlela ezinjalo, empeleni, ngeke zisebenze ngenani elikhulu lezinambuzane, kepha uma inani lazo lincane, kungcono ukuzama ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-chemistry. Futhi lezi zindlela zizoba zinhle njengezindlela zokuzivikela.
I-raspberry walnut
I-hymenoptera encane, ubude bayo abudluli ku-3 mm. Abesifazane be-Nutcracker ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwamajikijolo amaqanda amaqanda amahlumela, futhi ngemuva kwenyanga, kwakhiwa ama-galls (avuvukala aze afike ku-10 cm ubude) endaweni yomonakalo kumahlumela, ngaphakathi okuyizibungu zempukane. Ngenxa yama-galls, imifantu yakha amagxolo, okwenza amahlumela abe ntekenteke futhi angakwazi ukuthela izithelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlumela angoma ngokuphelele.
Izindlela zokubhekana ne-nutcracker:
- Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwamajikijolo, izihlahla zifuthwa nge-Aktellik noma i-Ambush.
- Konke amahlumela ane-galls kufanele anqunywe ngokushesha bese ushisa.
- Lapho unakekela isitshalo, udinga qaphela ukuthi ungaphazamisi ubuqotho begxolo emagatsheni. Ukuqhekeka kwamagxolo yindawo eyintandokazi yamaqanda abekela izimpukane.
Okusajingijolo amaqabunga sawfly
Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu zejikijolo. Ku-sawfly, abesifazane bazalela amaqanda amaningi ngochungechunge emaqabunga amaqabunga esitshalo.... Ngemuva kokuphuma kwesibungu kuzo, amaqabunga aluhlaza ayoma futhi abune. Izibungu zifinyelela kubude obungu-14 mm, zimnyama phezulu, zimpunga ngokukhanyayo ngezansi, zimbozwe izinwele. Ziphila ngokudla amaqabunga amajikijolo amabi kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba. Amahlamvu avame ukudliwa ane-perforated, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuphela izinsalela zamathambo eqabunga. Ezinyangeni zokuqala zasehlobo zihlala ikakhulu ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zamaqabunga, ekugcineni inyukela phezulu. Zilala emiphongolweni yesicabucabu efudumele ebusweni bomhlaba, phakathi kwamaqabunga awile.
Uma inani lalesi sinambuzane liphezulu, khona-ke amajikijolo amnyama angalahlekelwa ngaphezu kwesigamu semishini yamaqabunga awo, anciphisa isivuno samajikijolo kulo nyaka okhona. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, lesi sitshalo silahlekelwa ithuba lokwenza ama-axillary buds enempiloedingekayo ekuvuneni okuzayo. Futhi amahlumela alimele ebusika, kaningi, aqandisa.
Izinyathelo zokulawula iSawfly:
- Ukuxegisa umhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
- Imbotshana indingilizi eyisisekelo.
- Imishini ukuqoqa izibungu, uma kwenzeka insimu incane.
- Ukufafaza izitshalo ehlobo, izinambuzane ezinesikhathi esifushane sokulinda.
Ngaphandle kwakho konke ukungathobeki kwamajikijolo, kuhlale kunengozi yokulahlekelwa isivuno. Manje njengoba wazi izinambuzane eziyinhloko zesitshalo, qiniseka ukuthi uzinika isikhathi sokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Ukuqothula izimpukane ku-blackberry akulula, ikakhulukazi ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ngeke kubhubhise izinambuzane kuphela, kepha futhi kunciphise ikhwalithi yezithelo, nokuphepha kwazo ukusetshenziswa.