I-nitrogen yesitshalo iyinto eyisisekelo ekudleni. Ukuze noma iziphi izitshalo - zasendlini, engadini, noma okusanhlamvu emasimini - zikhule ngenkuthalo, ziphephe, zikhulise inqwaba eluhlaza, ziqhakaze ngenkuthalo futhi zithele izithelo - zidinga i-nitrogen. Ifomu elitholakala kalula kakhulu lokumuncwa kwe-nitrogen yi-ammonia noma i-ammonium nitrate i-NH4CL. Sizokhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwayo engadini nasensimini ngokuqhubekayo.
Yini i-ammonia
Usawoti ammonia yisixazululo se-ammonia lapho i-nitrogen isesimweni se-ammonium nitrate ehlanganisiwe - i-NH4CL. Emvelweni ozungezile, i-nitrogen ivame ukutholakala ngendlela yamakhemikhali afana ne-amide NH2 +, ammonia NH3, ammonium NH4 +, nitrite NO2-, nitrate NO3-, okuthi, ngenxa yokusakazeka kwemvelo emvelweni, idlule isuka kolunye uhlobo iye kolunye ngaphansi kwethonya lamagciwane ama-microorganisms.
Njengoba wazi, izitshalo zisheshe zimunce ama-nitrate nganoma yisiphi isamba, kepha azithandi ngempela i-nitrogen ngendlela ye-ammonia. Noma kunalokho, i-nitrogen kuleli fomu ayikwazi ukuqoqeka ezicutshini zezitshalo, okungukuthi, lapho usuthisa izithelo, imifino, izimbali nge-ammonia, umuntu akakwazi ukwesaba ngokweqile nge-ammonia.
Ukuze umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ekugcineni ugcwalise izitshalo nge-nitrogen eziyidingayo, inqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo (umquba, udoti) ngosizo lwama-microorganisms kufanele idlule. I-ammonia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iya emafomini atholakalayo ukuze amunce izitshalo ngqo, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwanoma yiziphi izinto ezincane ezivela ngaphandle.
Izinzuzo zensimu kanye nengadi yemifino
Ngakho-ke, i-nitrogen ingumthombo oyinhloko wokudla okunomsoco wezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo. Umqhele ogqamile oluhlaza ogqamile, inqwaba yezimbali, nezithelo, ukukhula okusebenzayo kwemifino - konke lokhu kuncike kokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini, ngoba izitshalo zikwazi ukuyithatha kuphela emhlabathini (emoyeni kuze kufike ku-78% nitrogen ngendlela engafinyeleleki ezitshalweni). Isimo sezilwane ezifuywayo sizokutshela ngokushoda kwe-nitrogen:
- ukuphuzi, ukuhlanza kwamaqabunga aphansi kuzithombo nezitshalo zabantu abadala;
- isiqu esincane, esibuthakathaka namaqabunga amancane;
- ukubambezeleka kokukhula, ukuntuleka kwezimbali;
- ukungatheleleki komzimba - kunciphise ukumelana nesithwathwa.
Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezitshalo.
Kulokhu, ukondliwa ngokushesha kwezitshalo nge-nitrogen kuyadingeka. Ukuze ungazigcini nge-saltpeter, eziyinqwabele izithelo nezicubu zazo, kungcono ukwengeza i-ammonia emhlabathini (izindlela zokupheka zokugqoka zizonikezwa ngezansi).
Ngaphandle kwalokho, iphunga elibi lomkhiqizo lisabisa izinambuzane nezinambuzane eziningi, futhi ukwelashwa nge-ammonia kuyindlela enhle yokubhekana nazo.
Isixazululo se-ammonia njengomanyolo
Izitshalo ze-Solanaceous - amazambane, izitshalo zeqanda, kanye nopelepele, iklabishi, ithanga ne-zucchini - zidinga okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuthele izithelo. Kusuka ezitshalweni zezithelo namajikijolo - amajikijolo, amajikijolo, ama-cherry nama-plums asabela kahle kakhulu ekuvundiseni nge-ammonia. Kumele zicutshungulwe kaningana ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo, ukwakheka kwehlumela nokuqhakaza.
Ama-Dahlias, ama-roses, ama-peonies, ama-clematis, ama-violets, ama-zinnias kanye nama-nasturtium azokujabulisa ngezimbali zikanokusho - lezi zimbali zimane zithanda ukondla nge-nitrogen ngendlela yesisombululo se-ammonia.
Ukhukhamba, utamatisi, izaqathe, ama-beet, ummbila, u-garlic, ama-currant namajikijolo, izihlahla zama-apula nezimbali zaminyaka yonke ziyaneliseka ngokuqukethwe okumaphakathi kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini.
Ukudla okumaphakathi kwe-nitrogen yamapheya, ama-radishes, u-anyanisi nezimbali ezinkulu... Kepha imidumba ayidingi ukondliwa okwengeziwe - iyakwazi ukumunca i-nitrogen emoyeni bese iyinqwabela kumaqhuqhuva ezimpande, ithuthukisa inhlabathi yezinye izitshalo.
Isixazululo somhlaba wonke sokuphakelwa kwe-nitrogenous kwanoma yisiphi isivuno semifino nezithelo - thela u-50 ml we-ammonia kumalitha amane amanzi. Uma kudingeka isixazululo esibuthakathaka, thepha isipuni esingu-1 somkhiqizo kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi, isisombululo sokuqina okuqinile (okuphezulu okuvumelekile) - ithisipuni eli-1 ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi.
Ungondla kanjani
Izihlahla zezithelo, izihlahla, izimbali ezingapheli ziyaniselwa ngesisombululo sendawo yonke ama-2-3 ngesizini ngayinye. Utamatisi udliswa kanye ngesonto, kuqala ngemithamo emincane futhi wandise ukugxila kancane kancane. Ngaphansi kwamakhukhamba ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kwamaqanda, isisombululo se-2 tbsp. izinkezo / amalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Ukuthola umcibisholo oluhlaza okotshani ku-anyanisi, isiko liniselwa ngesisombululo esigxilisiwe (1 tsp / 1 l wamanzi). Kepha ukuze bathole isivuno esihle sika-anyanisi nekhanda elikhulu, baniselwa kanye ngesonto ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka somkhiqizo.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvikela, yonke imifino, amajikijolo amajikijolo, izihlahla zezithelo nezimbali ziyaniselwa kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10 empandeni ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-ammonia - isipuni esingu-1 ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi. Umthamo ungakhuphuka kancane kancane uma izitshalo ziwudinga.
Ukondla nge-ammonia kunomthelela omuhle kakhulu kuzithombo zikatamatisi, upelepele kanye neklabishi, ezikhiqizwa emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokukhethwa. Lapho itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, uhhafu welitha lenhlanganisela (10 ml / 10 l wamanzi) uthelwa emgodini ngamunye - lokhu futhi kusebenza njengokugqoka okuphezulu futhi kulwa kahle nebhere.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane
Iphunga elibi le-ammonia lithinta izinambuzane eziningi kakhulu, ngisho nasezindlini ezingabonakali zabantu. Isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinjenge:
- izintuthwane;
- ibhere;
- umsundu;
- ama-aphid, ama-midges ezitshalweni zasendlini;
- Izimpukane zika-anyanisi nesanqante.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela isixazululo sensipho: gcoba u-100-200 g wensipho yokuwasha ku-grater enhle, uqede ilitha elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo, bese kuthi kancane kancane, uvuselele kahle, engeza ama-50 ml we-25% we-ammonia kuya kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi ajwayelekile. Isixazululo esitholwe ngokushesha sifafazwa ngezithelo ezihlahleni, amaqabunga, iklabishi, utamatisi, ukhukhamba - ngamafuphi, zonke izitshalo ezidinga ukucubungulwa. Lokhu ngeke nje kusabise izinambuzane, iminyovu namabhungane, kodwa futhi kuzoba wukudla okuhle kwamahlamvu ezitshalo.
Insipho yengezwa kusixazululo ukuze isixazululo sinamathele kangcono emaqabungeni, futhi ngaphambi kokudla isithelo, kwanele ukugeza nje isithelo ngamanzi agobhozayo.
Ukususa izimpukane nezintuthwane, unganisela imibhede ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka (ukondla okuvimbelayo kuzoba nomphumela oyinkimbinkimbi).
Izinyathelo zokuphepha
Iphunga elibukhali le-ammonia nomhwamuko walo, uma kungalandelwa izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuvikela, kungaba yingozi:
- ukuhogela okungazelelwe kungadala ukuboshwa kokuphefumula, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuxuba izixazululo emakamelweni angena kahle emoyeni;
- kubantu abaphethwe umfutho wegazi ophezulu, kungadala ukwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi;
- i-ammonia ingumkhiqizo wokwelapha futhi akunasimo esifanele ukuthi kufanele ixutshwe nezinto eziqukethe i-chlorine;
- ukugwema ukusha, qaphela ukuthi ungawutholi umkhiqizo esikhunjeni nasezikhungweni zomlomo.
Ngokusetshenziswa okufanele, ukuhlonipha ubukhulu nemithetho, i-ammonia izoba umsizi wakho obalulekile nomngani wezitshalo. Ngokuqinisekile bazokubonga ngokubukeka okunempilo nokuvuna okunothile.