Minyaka yonke, abanikazi bamakotishi asehlobo baxazulula umsebenzi onzima wokukhetha phakathi kokunye noma okunye ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zemifino. Yikuphi okuzonikeza isivuno esikhulu kunazo zonke, futhi ngisho nokuthi ikhukhamba linambitheka omuhle kakhulu. Phakathi kokusungulwa kwakamuva kwabafuyi, umqhele waseSiberia f1. Ngokwenza lula ukulima kanye nomthamo wesivuno, kuqhathaniswa kahle nabanye abazalwane, ngokwakhiwa okulungile kwesihlahla, kunikeza ama-ovari ngesimo sezinqwaba noma izimbali.
Yini ukuhlukahluka
Abafuyi abavela eChelyabinsk bathuthukisa isivuno esisha eminyakeni eminingana edlule. Kusitshalo esisodwa ungathola izithelo ngenani lama-40 kg. Isici sesici ubukhona bezinqwaba zamaqanda nokuvuna kwangaphambi kwesikhathi - Ukhukhamba wokuqala uvela ezinsukwini ezingama-45 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela.
Umqhele waseSiberia awudingi impova, ukwakheka kwama-ovari kwenzeka naphezu kwezimo zezulu. Okwahlukahlukene, ukulima nokutshala endaweni evulekile kufanelekile.
Inkomba yesivuno incike ekususweni ngesikhathi esifanele kwamakhukhamba avuthiwe. Uma yonke imithetho ilandelwa, ungathola imifino ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala. Ukhukhamba aluhlaza okotshani, aze afike ku-8 cm ubude, amathiphu anemibala elula. Ameva athambile amboza sonke isithelo. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kunamakha... Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kusaladi entsha noma ukulungiselela. Akukho bumunyu ezingeni lofuzo. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa nobulukhuni bayo, ibekezelela kalula ukubanda okubandayo nesomiso... Akuvikeleki ezifweni ezilandelayo:
- isikhutha esiyimpuphu;
- ukubona nsundu;
- ubumba kagwayi;
- i-peronosporiosis
Ukulingana okulungile kwegawuni
Ukufika kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: isithombo nembewu.
Ukuthola izithombo
Akunakwenzeka ukuthatha isivuno esihle ngaphandle kwezithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, eziqinile.... Umsebenzi uqala ngezinsuku zokugcina zenyanga yokuqala yasentwasahlobo. Izinto zembewu zifakwa ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe phambilini ezinenhlabathi evundile. Ukujula kwemigodi kungamasentimitha ama-2, bese kuthi ingilazi noma ifilimu kusetshenziselwe ukumboza izithombo ezizayo. Iziqukathi zibekwa endaweni enokukhanya okukhanyayo nokushisa okungaguquki okungenani okungama- + 25 degrees. Ukunisela kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4. Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7.
Lapho kwakhiwa amahlumela okuqala, okokumboza kufanele kususwe, kepha hhayi ngokuzumayo, kepha kancane kancane. Nsuku zonke ifilimu isuswa imizuzu engu-7-10 ukuze kuthi lapho kwakhiwa ishidi lokuqala, lisuswe ngokuphelele.
Izithombo zenyanga eyodwa ubudala zikulungele ukuthuthela endaweni yazo eyinhloko yokuhlala - engadini.
Kunconywa ukuvumelanisa isiko nezimo ezintsha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlosiwe. Nsuku zonke, iziqukathi ziyakhishwa ziye emgwaqeni noma ku-greenhouse, kuya ngesinqumo somlimi.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ukukhula ngembewu kuyindlela elula, okudingayo nje ukutshala imbewu embhedeni wensimu. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kunconywa ukwenza izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula ezizothuthukisa ukuhluma ngokuzayo:
- imbewu ifakwa emanzini afudumele bese ishiywa amahora angama-24 (uma ezinye imbewu zintanta phezulu, khona-ke zingalahlwa ngokuvikelekile);
- ukucubungula kuyaqhubeka Isixazululo se-manganese esibuthakathaka;
- linda kuze kube yilapho imbewu ihluma;
- udinga ukutshala ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokulimaza impande;
- yenza izimbobo emhlabathini ngokujula kwe-1.5 cm, gcina ibanga elingu-70 cm phakathi kukodwa, futhi umugqa olandelayo akufanele ube seduze kuka-15 cm;
- ngesikhathi sokufika, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elijwayelekile licishe libe ngu- + 15 degrees.
Izithombo zikhishwa ebhodweni, asikho isidingo sokwenyusa umhlabathi bese ucwila emgodini, ukuze amaqabunga mbumbulu asemhlabathini. Umhlaba uvalwe ngokucophelela. Ukunisela okuningi kuyadingeka ngaphambi nangemva kokutshala. Uma imibhede ingalungiswanga kusengaphambili (lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi), kuzodingeka ungeze idlanzana lomlotha kanye ne-carbamide enanini lika-5 g.
Izinto zokumboza zisetshenziselwa ukufudumala ngaphandle.
Sisebenza ngokulungiselela inhlabathi
Ukuze uthole umqhele waseSiberia, uzodinga indawo enomthunzi omncane okhanyayo... Ilanga elishisayo liholela ekukhuleni okungekuhle, ukomisa okusheshayo kwezitshalo nezithelo ezimbalwa. Ukuntuleka kokuvikelwa kwemvelo (izihlahla zomthunzi, izakhiwo noma uthango) akusona isizathu sokwenqaba ukutshala izinhlobo ezinethelo. Kulula kakhulu ukwakha ikhabethe elincane ngokwakho, iqhinga elincane. Ubhekilanga noma ummbila utshalwa eduze kwamakhukhamba ukunikeza ukufiphaza.
Ukutshala imidumba eduzane akunconyiwe. Uma kungekho ukunakekelwa okufanele, khona-ke amahlumela azo zonke izitshalo azoqala ukuhlangana.
Ukwakhiwa kwengadi yekhukhamba kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla... Udoti wemvelaphi yezitshalo ubekwa endaweni ekhethiwe - utshani obuncane, amagatsha asikiwe, amaqabunga awile. Isendlalelo singafinyelela ku-12 cm. Ngaphezulu udinga ukubeka inani elifanayo lobulongwe benkomo, umboze ngocwecwe bese ushiya ebusika. Lapho wenza umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo, gcwalisa nge-humus.
Ukulungiswa kwemibhede entwasahlobo kuzodinga ukwethulwa kokugqokwa kwamaminerali... Endaweni ekhethiwe, inhlabathi iyaxegiswa, ibekwe ngento ebolile noma umquba. Okuphezulu okumbozwe ngama-nitrophos ngendlela eyomile futhi kuhlungwe umlotha wezinkuni, khona-ke ukuphenduka kongqimba lomhlabathi kuqala. Ekugcineni, umbhede uyaniselwa, umbozwe ngocwecwe bese ushiywa ngale ndlela izinsuku eziyishumi.
Ungawanakekela kanjani ukhukhamba ngemuva kokutshala
Izenzo ezazijwayele bonke abalimi bemifino zimi kanje:
- ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele nokugcwala kwenhlabathi;
- ukondla;
- ukwakheka kwesiko kanye ne-garter ku-trellis.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngokunisela
Ukushoda kwamanzi kuzoba nomthelela omubi esitshalweni semifino. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo... Ekushiseni okukhulu, le nqubo iba nsuku zonke. Isikhathi esisele njengoba kudingeka futhi ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi umhlaba womile. Amahora amahle kakhulu okuchelela asekuseni. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi afudumele, ahleliwe. Kuvunyelwe ukuhlela ukunisela ngenkasa, kepha ama-sprinkler awasetshenziswa. Isendlalelo semvunge engu-10 cm ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye sizosiza ukugcina umswakama.
Ungavundisa kanjani
Izimbali zaseSiberia zidinga ukondliwa njalo ukuqinisekisa isivuno esikhulu. Ungakhetha amakhemikhali noma amakhambi esintu, lapha umnikazi ngamunye unquma yedwa. Kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ushintshe ukwakheka kwawo. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, izitshalo ziniselwa kakhuluukugwema ukulimala kohlelo lwezimpande olubucayi.
Ukwakheka kweGarland
Isihlahla kufanele sakhiwe ngokufanele, ngaphandle kwalokho ungalindeli zonke izimangaliso ezithenjisiwe ezivela emgaqweni waseSiberia ngokwesivuno. Lesi sitshalo sakhiwa ngesiqu esisodwa... Ezingxenyeni ezingezansi, kubalulekile ukususa wonke amadodana wesinyathelo kanye namaqanda. Kusele ihlumela elilodwa, elinamaqabunga nama-ovari kufindo ngalinye.
Kuyadingeka ukubhekana nokuvuna ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze ukwakheka kwezithelo ezilandelayo kungapheli.
Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sikhule ngamamitha ama-2, awunakukuncinza, kepha masisakheke ngokuzimela, sizungeze ama-trellises.
Mayelana nezifo nezinambuzane
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umqhele waseSiberia une ukuzivikela ezifweni ezivame kakhulu ezitshalweni zemifino. Imvamisa umhlali wasehlobo ubhekene nokuvela kohlobo oluthile lokubola nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
- Kwezemfundo ukubola okumpunga kuyadingeka ukubhubhisa zonke izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo. Hlikihla isulfate yethusi exutshwe nomlotha wokhuni kumasayithi asikiwe, kodwa ngokucophelela. Kusetshenziswe izindlela ezikhethekile njengezindlela zokuvimbela.
- Kusuka ku- i-melon aphid izitshalo ezinephunga elibi zizosiza ukuzivikela: upelepele oshisayo, amaqabunga kagwayi, u-anyanisi noma imicibisholo kagalikhi. Konke lokhu kugayiwe, kuxutshwe namanzi. Isixazululo esivelayo sisetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukhukhamba. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlasela kwezinambuzane, khona-ke udinga ukusebenzisa ama-insecticide.
- KUSUKA isicabucabu akusizi ngalutho ukulwa namakhambi abantu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngama-acaricides. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kusetshenziswa isheke lesibabule ukubulala amagciwane enhlabathini.
Ukwehlulwa kwekhukhamba nge-peronosporiosis
Mayelana nobuhle nobubi bekhukhamba iSiberia Garland f1
Phakathi kwezimfanelo ezinhle zezimbali zaseSiberia kukhona okulandelayo:
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukuthela isikhathi eside;
- ukuzivikela ezifweni;
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwezithelo;
- ukungafuneki ezimeni ezikhulayo;
- ukuzitholela impova.
Ngisho nokuhlukahluka okuhle kangako kuzo zonke izindlela kunezingqinamba zako:
- kubalulekile ukwakha isihlahla ngendlela efanele;
- izindleko eziphezulu zembewu;
- ukuthengwa kwembewu minyaka yonke, ngoba okuvunwe ezitshalweni ezikhulile azinazo izimfanelo zomama.
Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo ziyaneliseka ngokuphelele ngezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha kanye nomkhiqizo wazo. A plus enkulu ukungabi khona kwezifo ezivamile ezingemnandi. Kepha ukuze uthokozele inqwaba yamakhukhamba kuzofanele usebenze kanzima: ungakhohlwa ukwakha isihlahla bese udla ngesikhathi... Ngokumelene nesizinda senani elikhulu lezimfanelo ezinhle, ukushiyeka kucishe kungabonakali.