Asikho isitshalo esisodwa esilinyiwe esingakhula ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwezinto ezilandelwayo ezihilelekile enqubweni ye-photosynthesis kanye nokukhulelwa. Futhi utamatisi behlukile. Abalimi benza konke okusemandleni abo, besebenzisa izakhiwo ezikhethekile zikamanyolo ukuze bathole isivuno esicebe kakhulu esingaba khona. Yilapho i-calcium nitrate isiza khona, eyenza ubuhle be-asidi bomhlabathi. Kuhle ukugqoka izimpande entwasahlobo nasefoliar ngenkathi yokukhula. Lolu uhlobo "lwezinto zokwakha" ngenkathi kwenziwa ukwakheka kweziqu kanye nokuvikelwa okusebenzayo ezifweni eziningi ezifakwayo. Sizokhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwayo ekutshaleni utamatisi, ukhukhamba nopelepele engadini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esihlokweni sethu.
Ukwakheka nenhloso ye-calcium nitrate yezidakamizwa
I-calcium nitrate ingusawoti ongajwayeleki we-nitric acid ngendlela yama-granules noma amakristalu ancibilika kalula emanzini. Njengoba kujwayelekile kasawoti, yi-hygroscopic. Yingakho, ngokuphepha komanyolo, kunconywa ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwento yokupakisha. Le nhlanganisela yakhiwa ngamaphesenti ayi-19 e-calcium namaphesenti ayi-13 e-nitrogen. Isakhi esiyingqayizivele esibaluleke kakhulu ekudleni okujwayelekile noma ekondleni izitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Abalimi abaningi benza iphutha ngokucabanga ukuthi i-calcium ayidingeki enhlabathini njenge-phosphorus noma i-potassium. Kodwa-ke, abanaki ukuthi yile ngxenye enikela ekwakhiweni okuhle kwe-nitrogen, edingeka kakhulu ngenkathi yokukhula. Noma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi umanyolo uqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, lokhu akubuthinti ubumuncu bomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, okuyinkimbinkimbi yokudla okunempilo kungasetshenziselwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium nitrate kuzoba nje isilinganiso esidingekayo sokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwenhlabathi esindayo ye-podzolic noma i-sod-podzolic ene-asidi ephezulu.
Inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa le nkimbinkimbi ukwengeza i-calcium. Lokhu kusheshisa inqubo yokuvuthwa kwamatamatisi, kuthinte kahle ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande.
Ezakhiweni zomhlaba ezine-asidi, i-saltpeter ivuselela ngokoqobo utamatisi, imunca i-magnesium ne-iron eyeqile, enomthelela ocindezelayo enkathini yokukhula.
Izinzuzo nobubi bokuphakelwa ukhukhamba, utamatisi nopelepele
Izimfanelo ezinhle zomanyolo zimi kanje:
- ukusheshisa kwe-photosynthesis, ebonakaliswa ngokugcwele esimweni esijwayelekile sotamatisi;
- ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwemvelo nokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwehlathi ngokujwayelekile. Uma usebenzisa okunjalo okunomsoco, isivuno sikatamatisi sizokwanda kakhulu;
- uma ucebisa inhlabathi nge-calcium nitrate, imbewu izohluma ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- ngenxa yomphumela osebenzayo ezimpandeni zesihlahla setamatisi, isitshalo sizokhula ngokushesha;
- ukwandisa ukumelana notamatisi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezifo nezinambuzane;
- ukwandisa ukuvezwa kwesitshalo esitshaliwe ekushiseni ngokweqile;
- ukwenza ngcono ukwethulwa kwezithelo nokwandisa impilo yazo eshalofini;
- ukwenza ngcono ukunambitheka nephunga lotamatisi.
Ububi obukhulu bokusebenzisa i-calcium nitrate kubhekwa njengomphumela omubi wokukhulelwa ngqo ohlelweni lwempande noma amaqabunga ehlathini. Kodwa lokhu kungaphansi kwesimo sokusetshenziswa okungalungile noma ngokungazelelwe kwenkimbinkimbi yokudla okunempilo. Uma ulandela zonke izincomo zokusetshenziswa, khona-ke akumele kube nezinkinga ezinjalo.
Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa engadini
Ngokwemiyalo yokusetshenziswa kwe-calcium nitrate, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umanyolo entwasahlobo, lapho umhlaba umbiwe. Akufanele ukondla inhlabathi ekwindla, ngoba ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, i-nitrogen izokhucululwa, okusho ukuthi i-calcium ngeke ifakwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, entwasahlobo, ukukhulelwa kubalulekile kutamatisi. Uma kunesidingo, ukwakheka kungasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamaqabunga eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yesizini ekhulayo.
Kufanele unake ngokukhethekile iqiniso lokuthi ukufafazwa kwamatamatisi kwenziwa kuphela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwawo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunciphisa kahle izidakamizwa. Isikhathi esihle sikatamatisi yisonto lokuqala ngemuva kokutshala izihlahla emhlabathini ovulekile.
Uma indawo yokutshala izitshalo ezitshaliwe i-asidi, i-nitrate kuma-granules ingathelwa ngqo emgodini wokutshala isithombo ngezinga lesipuni esisodwa sikamanyolo esihlahleni esisodwa.
Phambilini besithe udinga ukunisela umanyolo ngendlela efanele, uma kungenjalo ungalimaza isitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula kanye nentuthuko katamatisi unezici zawo nokusetshenziswa komanyolo. Sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-saltpeter yezithombo ngendlela efanele
Ukuze uthole izithombo zikatamatisi ezinhle, isitshalo kufanele sondliwe nge-calcium ne-nitrogen. Ingxenye yokuqala iyadingeka ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kohlelo lwempande, bese kuthi okwesibili kuhlume imbewu kangcono. Futhi uma lezi zinto zinganele, khona-ke izitshalo zizoba zimbi kakhulu.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izithombo zikatamatisi kufanele zondliwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, kungcono ukusebenzisa isisombululo njengokugqoka okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-saltpeter incibilika kalula emanzini.
I-calcium nitrate ibalulekile kwizithombo zikatamatisi... Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukondla kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amathathu okuqala esitshalo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ukwakheka okulandelayo: 10 g we-calcium nitrate, 5 g we-urea kanye no-50 g womlotha wokhuni athathwa ngamalitha ama-5 wamanzi. Kepha lesi sixazululo kufanele sithululwe ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwempande, uma singena ebusweni bamaqabunga, angashiswa.
Ukutshala utamatisi ngemuva kokutshala izithombo
Ngenqubo yokutshala izithombo zikatamatisi endaweni abamba ukushisa, inhlabathi ivundiswa ngenkuthalo ngesixazululo ngokufafaza. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalo yokusetshenziswa ncamashi, ukubuka umthamo, ngaphandle kwalokho uzolimaza izithombo.
Ukwenza isixazululo, kufanele usebenzise ama-50 g we-nitrate ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi. Ukwakheka okunjalo kuzovikela izitshalo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane, isibonelo, imikhaza kanye nama-slugs, kanye nezifo ngendlela yokubola kwe-apical.
Uma utamatisi uzotshalwa ezimweni zokugcina izithombo, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-nitrogen ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuqhakaza uqobo.
Izinto eziqoqiwe kuze kube manje zizodala ukungavikeleki kahle ehlathini, noma ngabe sekuqedile ukondla nge-calcium nitrate.
Ukwakhiwa kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuso sonke isitshalo esitshaliwe. Le ndlela yokufaka umanyolo ibizwa ngokuthi i-foliar feed.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-saltpeter kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, bese kuthi kanye njalo uhhafu wenyanga kuze kuvele i-ovary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele usebenzise ukwakheka, ngoba ama-nitrate angaqoqa izithelo. Futhi lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho usebenza nethuluzi
I-calcium nitrate ayisona isidakamizwa esinobuthi. Kuphephe ngokuphelele empilweni yomuntu nasempilweni. Umanyolo awubangeli ukungezwani komzimba. Ngokwahlukaniswa, kungokweqembu lesine lezinto ezinobungozi obuphansi.
Lapho usebenza ne-calcium nitrate Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha ezamukelwa ngokujwayelekile... Kulokhu, amagilavu enjoloba ukuvikela isikhumba azokwanela. Yize kungeke kube khona ukulimala okuthile ekuthinteni ama-granules wezidakamizwa ngezandla ezingenalutho. Kepha kungcono ukuyidlala iphephile futhi unciphise ama-granules ngamagilavu.
I-calcium nitrate kufanele igcinwe kwiphakeji evaliwe kude nezinto ezingavutha, ama-alkaline agents, kanye nezinhlelo zokushisa.
Ukuhambisana nezinye izidakamizwa (i-potassium ne-ammonium nitrate)
Akuvunyelwe neze ukuxuba i-saltpeter noshoki, i-lime, i-dolomite, umquba, i-phosphates, i-sawdust, utshani nezinye izinto eziphilayo, njengoba ingxube ingakwazi ukuzibasa.
Kanyekanye nesisombululo se-nitrate, ungasebenzisa i-urea kanye nomlotha wokhuni. Lezi zingxenye zihlangana kahle futhi zizokuvumela ukuthi uzuze umphumela omuhle endabeni yokufaka utamatisi umquba. I-potassium (potassium) nitrate isetshenziswa kahle yodwa.
Akunconywa futhi ukuhlanganisa i-nitrate ne-superphosphate elula, kufaka phakathi umanyolo oqukethe isibabule ne-phosphorus.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wanoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu ukuthola isivuno esihle futhi esihlwabusayo. Kepha ngalokhu kufanelekile ukusebenza kanzima, kuphela lapho-ke imizamo yakho izoklonyeliswa ngempela. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngokufaka umquba engadini nge-ammonium nitrate, ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande, iziqu zezitshalo futhi ivikele isihlahla ezinambuzane nasezifweni eziningi.
Kepha lapha udinga ukulandela ngokuqinile zonke izincomo zemiyalo yokusetshenziswa. Yize into engeyona enobuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungalungile noma okungazelelwe kungalimaza isitshalo nempilo yabantu. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-saltpeter ngemuva kokuvela kwe-ovary, izithelo zingaqoqa ama-nitrate ayingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Futhi ukungahambisani nomthamo womuthi kungaholela ekushiseni ebusweni bamaqabunga. Qaphela futhi uqaphele ukusebenzisa i-saltpeter kuphela okuhle.