Amahansi anendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwezinkukhu. Uma izinkukhu zikhuliswa ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokuthola amaqanda, khona-ke amahansi akhuliselwa inyama emnandi, enamanzi.
Yize ingaphansi kwezici zokudla kunkukhu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okunamafutha amaningi, isasebenza kakhulu. Iqukethe izinto zokulandela umkhondo namavithamini A, C, B, kufaka phakathi i-B12, entula abaningi, izingxenye zamaminerali - i-iron, i-zinc, i-manganese. Inyama yehansi yaziswa kakhulu ngokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-amino acid, lapho kwenziwa khona amasosha omzimba alwa namagciwane emzimbeni wethu.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekisisa ukuzalanisa, ukugcina nokunakekela amahansi ekhaya labaqalayo. Sizothola ukuthi amaqanda ehansi angadliwa yini, abaluleke kanjani nokuthi angabiza malini. Ngemuva kokufunda yonke imininingwane, uzokwazi ukukhulisa izinyoni ezinempilo nezinamandla.
Ungazala kanjani futhi ukhulise amahansi ekhaya labaqalayo?
Okokuqala, ake sikhulume ngokuzalanisa amahansi ekhaya. Ukucaciswa kokugcina amahansi ukuthi azikwazi ukukhuliswa emakhejini, njengezinkukhu. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani imfuyo yabo incane kakhulu. Kuyalulekwa ukuzalanisa le nyoni uma kwenzeka kukhona indawo eseduze abangahamba kuyo - idlelo elinedamu (rivulet noma ichibi). Amahansi adinga isikhala. Kufanele bahambe futhi banyakaze kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, inyama yabo imnyama kunenkukhu (kunemithambo yegazi eminingi emisipheni).
Izinhlobo zamahansi zokuzalela
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zingokulandelayo:
Amahansi amakhulu ampunga - isisindo esingu-6-7 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kungamaqanda angama-37-47. Amaqanda amakhulu - 150-200 g. Iqinile kakhulu.
Amahansi Chinese - isisindo bukhoma sifinyelela 5 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - izingcezu ezingama-50-60 ngonyaka ngesisindo esingu-130-170 g. Ziqinile, kodwa zinolaka ngokwemvelo.
Uhlobo lweLindovskaya - isisindo samahansi amadala singu-7-8 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kungamaqanda angama-45-50 anesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-120-140 g.
Kuban - uhlobo lwasekhaya. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - amaqanda angama-80-90 ngonyaka. Isisindo esibukhoma esiphakathi -4.5-5.5 kg.
I-Kholmogorsk - isisindo esingaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo - 8-10 kg. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kungamaqanda angama-30-40 ngonyaka, kepha isisindo sawo singaphezu kwama-200 g. Azolile futhi awanalo nolaka.
Amahansi ase-Italy - zibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwenyama. Isisindo esibukhoma - kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-7 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - kufika kumaqanda angama-50 ngonyaka.
I-Toulouse - Izinhlobo zaseFrance. Kubhekwa njengokukhulu kakhulu ngesisindo esingu-10 kg noma ngaphezulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - amaqanda angama-30-40 ngonyaka anesisindo seqanda elingu-190-210 g. Azolile futhi akenzi lutho, adla kahle futhi ngokushesha.
Amahansi e-Emden isisindo esingu-8-9 kg. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuphansi.
I-Rhine - ezifuywa eJalimane. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zazo, ziyefana nezase-Emden.
Amaqanda esikhukhukazi
Kungcono ukuchamusela amatshwele eqandeni ngesikhukhukazi, ukwedlula ku-incubator. Kodwa-ke, uma kunesikhukhukazi esisodwa kuphela epulazini lezinkukhu, khona-ke kutholwa amakhanda aphezulu ayi-13-14 ngenzalo, ngoba amaqanda makhulu. Uma usakhetha le ndlela yokuthola amachwane, okokuqala-ke dala izimo ezidingekayo. Ithempelesha zasendlini asekelwa ezingeni lama-14-15 degrees.
Kufanele yomile futhi ingene kahle emoyeni, kepha ingabi nezinhlaka. Isidleke sehansi senziwa sabanzi. Qinisekisa ukuyihlukanisa neminye imfuyo futhi uthinte izidleke ngokuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo (uma kwenzeka kunezikhukhukazi eziningana). Gcina ama-brooders ahlukile kwamanye amahansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amahansi angabeka amaqanda ku-clutch esivele ichanyuselwe ngesikhathi engekho umama okhulelwe. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuthola amachwane sizokwelula ngesikhathi, okuyinto embi kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwawo okuqhubekayo.
Sibheka ukoma esidlekeni. Iqanda eliphukile ngengozi kufanele lisuswe ngokushesha futhi bonke abanye abasindile basulwe. Isidingo sokwenza ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezidleke sichazwa ukuthi lapho kungekho esinye isikhukhukazi, esinye sigingqela amaqanda amaningi kuwo, ngoba amandla abo omama athuthukile kakhulu.
Inani elengeziwe lamaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa lizokwenza ukuthi kungabi lula ukuwashisa wonke ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona enye ingozi yokulimala.
Senza isiqiniseko sokuthi lapho izikhukhukazi zibuyela esidlekeni ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okudingekayo, izinqubo zokudla kanye nezinqubo zamanzi, zihlala ezidlekeni zazo, hhayi ukuzidida nomakhelwane. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, siguqula amanzi esitsheni sokuphuza sikamama wesikhathi esizayo ukuze sigweme isifo sohudo futhi sondle kuphela ngokusanhlamvu okukhethiwe. Isikhukhukazi sizonakekela zonke izinqubo zokuchamusela.
Yena ugoqa amaqanda esidlekeni ukuze afudumale. Uma ngasizathu simbe ihansi lingabuyeli esidlekeni ngemuva kokudla imizuzu engama-20, liqhutshwa lisiwe esidlekeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho inyoni ihleli phezu kwamaqanda okokuqala ngqa.
Amachwane okuqala achanyuselwa ngosuku lwama-28. Ngemuva kwalokho, bayathathwa esidlekeni, bafakwe ebhokisini elihlukile, bakhanyiswe ngesibani, kudale izinga lokushisa olifunayo. Ngemuva kokuba wonke amachwane esezelwe, abuyiselwa kuhansi. Ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala, umama angafaka amaphuphu ambalwa emaqanda achanyuselwe kusihlanganisi. Yenza lokhu kusihlwa.
Amaqanda ku-incubator
Ukuzalela amachwane amahansi ku-incubator Kunzima kunezinkukhu... Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaqanda ehansi aqukethe amanoni amaningi futhi makhulu ngokwawo. Uma amaphuphu angaphezu kuka-70% achanyuselwe kusuka kubhukhimakhi elilodwa, khona-ke lokhu kungumphumela omuhle. Izici eziningana zokufukamela kwamaqanda ehansi:
- ukudla okudlela endlini kubo zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 - kungabe kusaba khona;
- ngaphambi kwamahora angu-3-4 ngaphambi kokubekisa incubator yafudumala ngokushisa okuphezulu kwama-39 degrees;
- ukudla okudlela endlini kuphela okunempilo ukuma okuphelele amaqanda;
- ungeke uwageze, kepha ungabulala amagciwane ngokufafaza ngesisombululo esilula se-potassium permanganate;
- amahora okuqala angama-4-5 ngemuva kokusetha izinga lokushisa ku-incubator ume cishe ngama-38 degrees... Ngemuva kwalokho yehliselwa ku-37.8. Izinsuku ezimbalwa zokugcina sehliswe zaba ngama-37.5 degrees;
- amaqanda aphendulwa izikhathi eziyi-6-8 ngosuku ukuvimbela amagobolondo ekunamatheleni kumesh noma isikhunta nokushisa okufanayo;
- ukuze amagesi ayingozi angaqoqeki, i-incubator ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 zokubeka vula imizuzu eyi-10 ukuze ungene umoya.
Ungayinakekela kanjani, uyikhulise futhi uyigcine
Ukunakekela amachwane ekhaya kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokuqala kwempilo, amasosha omzimba womzimba wezinsikazi akhiwa futhi aqiniswe. ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba nokudla okunomsocoukukhulisa inyoni enkulu nenempilo. Isikhathi ngasinye sokukhula nentuthuko, kudliwa ukudla okulungiselelwe. Ukondla amachwane asanda kuchanyiselwa nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukunakekela amachwane ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila
Lapho unakekela amachwane asekhaya, ezinsukwini zokuqala ezi-5-7, kuyasiza ukuthi amatshwele anikeze isikhupha samaqanda abilisiwe. Kumuncwa kahle ngumzimba ongavuthiwe wamagosheni. Lapho usondla, kunconywa ukufaka imifino. Kungcono ukudla le nsiba eluhlaza ka-anyanisi. Ihlanganiswe kahle futhi ixutshwe ne-yolk. Phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili zokuqala, amachwane achanyuswayo anikezwa ukudla izikhathi ezingu-7-8 ngosuku... Kuya ngalokhu ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukukhulisa amahansi anempilo.
Kukhethwa izitsha zokuphuza ukuze kuvikelwe amantshontsho engozini yokuminza noma ukuminza kuwo.
Siyaqinisekisa ukuthi indawo lapho zigcinwe khona zomile.
Ukunakekelwa emasontweni okuqala: indlela yokukhulisa amahansi anempilo
Kancane kancane sikwehlukanisa ekudleni ngamakhambi futhi sikhuphule ubukhona bawo ekudleni. Ngaphezu kuka-anyanisi oluhlaza, i-alfalfa ne-clover kuyanikezwa. Siqapha ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile ezitsheni zokuphuza. Kancane kancane sethula amazambane abilisiwe kanye nephalishi lommbila ekudleni.
Izitsha zokuphuza zithathelwa indawo ezinkuluukuze amachwane akwazi ukubhukuda kuwo. Ziphenduka zibe yimizimba emincane yamanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izimbiza noma izitsha, kepha ngamacala aphansi. Lokhu kuyimfuneko.
Ukuba khona kwenani elidingekayo lezakhamzimba namavithamini ekudleni kuzohlinzekwa yizitshalo zezimpande eziqoshiwe nemifino. Uma siphekela amachwane ephalishi, akufanele abe uketshezi oluningi. Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze ukudla okwomile ngaphezulu.
Kancane kancane sidlulisela amantshontsho anamasonto amathathu ubudala emadlelweni. Kunconywa ukuthi zidle endaweni ebiyelwe ngaphandle. Kanye notshani, badla okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe nokusanhlamvu okuchoboziwe.
Sethula okuphakelayo okusha ekudleni ngevolumu elincane, kancane kancane sikhuphule ubukhona bayo kunani eliphelele lokuphakelayo.
Ukunakekela ezinyangeni zokuqala
Ungayinakekela kanjani imidlwane ekhaya? Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi, amachwane anikezwa ngokuqinile ngokufunzwa okuhlanganisiwe, okusanhlamvu, ikhekhe likajongilanga namakhambi. Zondliwa echibini elincane elivulekile ngaphandle komsinga oqinile. Ngaphezu kotshani, badla ulwelwe, olunomphumela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwesisindo esibukhoma.
Isilinganiso semifino kuzo zonke ezinye izifunzo kufanele sibe ngu-1-1.3: 1. Okusho ukuthi, imifino inikeza okuningi. Kulokhu, ukugcina amachwane amachiza kushibhile futhi lokhu ngeke kuthinte isethi yesisindo esibukhoma.
Izimo zokugcina nokudla
Ngaphezu kokudla namanzi, amachwane adinga ukushisa okufanelekile, ivolumu eyanele yegumbi, nokukhanyisa.
Ukukhetha i-aviary yepulazi lehansi
Ngokuya ngenani lemfuyo, sikhetha igumbi elifanele. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, amachwane agcinwa emabhokisini amakhadibhodi kuveranda, ekhishini lasehlobo. Ngemuva kwalokho banikezwa indawo endlini yenkukhu, ishede. Kumele kube nomoya ongena kahle (umoya omncane) futhi ufudumale, akukho zinhlaka ezivunyelwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kukhishwe amathuba okuthi izilwane ezidlayo zingene lapho, ikakhulukazi amagundane.
Utshani naphansi kusetshenziswa njengezingubo zokulala. Sishintsha udoti njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ukuze sihlale somile. Lokhu kuzosindisa amatshwele angakavuthwa ezifweni nase-hypothermia. Ukuba khona kwewindi ekamelweni kuyinto edingekayo. Amahansi athande ukuba sendaweni emnyama evaliwe kuphela ngesikhathi sokulala.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu empilo, sakha amabhulokhi endle, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi adluliselwa emadlelweni.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, ziyadliswa eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Kepha kuze kube yilapho sebekhule ngamandla futhi bengakwazi ukuzivikela ngokwabo, ukuba khona komuntu kuyimpoqo. Lapho nje isisindo esibukhoma sifinyelela isilinganiso sama-2 kg (kuya ngohlobo), amahansi adedelwa ngokwawo ukuyodla.
Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekuseni kakhulu - utshani bese bunamanzi futhi bunomsoco. Amahansi azitholela ukudla. Ziqondiswe ngokuphelele esikhaleni, ngakho-ke zingathola kalula indlela eya ekhaya. Amahansi amadala anqanyulwe izimpiko zawo ukuze angahambi endizeni.
Umbuso wokushisa kwansuku zonke nokukhanyisa
Esontweni lokuqala lokuphila, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa kuma-28-30 degrees. Uma ukushisa kwama-ambient emvelo kunganele, ukufudumeza ngamapayipi okushisa noma amalambu, okuthi, ngaphezu kokukhanya, anikeze ukushisa ekamelweni. Sikala izinga lokushisa ezingeni likadoti.
Kancane kancane yehlise ibe ngama-22-24 degrees. Futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, uma isimo sezulu sivuma, sidlulisela amachwane esimweni sokuphila ezimweni zemvelo. Ngokuvamile, amahansi amadala ayizinyoni eziqinile ngenxa yokuba khona kwawo okunamafutha, isisindo esikhulu sokuphila kanye nezimpaphe ezifudumele.
Bangakwazi ukumelana ngokukhululekile namazinga okushisa aze afike ku-15 degrees. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kwanele ukugcina izimo ezijwayelekile ngamahora emini anwetshiwe (ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-14). Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa amalambu.
Ubukhulu bekamelo
Isimo esikhulu sosayizi wegumbi lamagosheni ukuthi akufanele sigcwale.
Okuqukethwe yikhaya lamagosheni akwamukelekile neze. Kufanele bathuthe.
Nikeza ukufinyelela kwamahhala kokudla namanzi. Lapho abasha bekhula, kunconywa ukuthi ubadedele emoyeni omusha babe ezibayeni ezibiyelwe ngokukhethekile emini. Ebusuku basenqolobaneni (ihansi-house).
Isikhathi sokukhulisa amahansi
Manje sizothola ukuthi mangaki amahansi akhulayo. Uma amaphuphu anosuku anesisindo esingu-100 grams kuphela, bese kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-5 isisindo sawo sifinyelela ku-5-6 kg. Ngokwesilinganiso, le nyoni izuza ngaphezu kwekhilogremu eyodwa ngenyanga. Ukuze amahansi abe nempilo, futhi isisindo esibukhoma sifinyelele ezinkomba zesisindo esihle, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela nangokucophelela ukudla kwabo.
Isisindo samahansi amadala ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene siyahluka kusuka ku-4.5 kg kuye ku-10 nangaphezulu. Uma uhlela ukufuya amahansi ngenyama, kungakuhle ukuthi uwagcine aze afike ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, bathola u-50% wobukhulu benyoni endala enonyaka owodwa ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yesisindo imisiwe.
Amaqanda ehansi: ungadla malini futhi alusizo kanjani?
Kuye ngohlobo, amahansi akhiqiza amaqanda angama-30 kuya kwangama-90 ngonyaka. Ziyahluka ngosayizi wazo (kufika kumagremu angamakhulu amabili namashumi amabili) negobolondo elijiyile. Zingadliwa futhi zibe wusizo, kepha ngenxa yokuthi ziqukethe amafutha amaningi, zidinga ukudliwa ngokulinganisela. Okhokho bethu badla amaqanda amahansi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-7 eyedlule. Le yinyoni yokuqala efuywayo.
I-100 g yamaqanda aluhlaza iqukethe i-185 kcal, kufaka phakathi amaprotheni namafutha - ngaphezu kuka-13 g. Ziqukethe amavithamini K, D, E, A, B, micro- kanye nama-macroelements. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunomphumela omuhle ebuchosheni nakuhlelo lwe-genitourinary, ukuqeda ubuthi. Iqanda lehansi lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni nasezimongeni.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ukuzalanisa nokugcina amahansi ekhaya kunenzuzo. Ngempela, ngaphezu kokubuya kwenyama ngokushesha, amahansi asinika amaqanda naphansi. Ngokukhulisa ngempumelelo amahansi, kungakuhle ukuthi ube nedlelo kanye nedamu elivulekile. Kulokhu, ngokunakekelwa okwanele nokudla okufanele, ukugcinwa kwabo kuzokhokha kaningi ngaphezulu. Mhlawumbe nasesikhathini esizayo, ukuzalanisa ihansi kuzoba umthombo wakho oyinhloko wemali engenayo.