Izinhlobo zesimanje zama-beet kashukela ziyizithelo zomsebenzi wabafuyi baseMelika. Ngo-1747, ososayensi abavela eMelika bathola ukuthi ama-beet amhlophe aqukethe ushukela ofanayo nomoba - 1.3%. Manje izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe be-hybrid, ezifuywa ngabalimi ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kukashukela, ziqukethe ngaphezu kwe-20% yento engokwemvelo. Ngaphandle kokuthi lokhu kuyisiko lobuchwepheshe, abantu sebejwayele ukulisebenzisa njengokudla, njengekhambi lesintu, futhi njengokudla kwemfuyo.
Izici ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi
Isithombo sebhitrudi esimhlophe siyimifino, impande yemifino eneminyaka emibili, uhlobo olubomvu oluvamile. Ngonyaka wokuqala, yakha isitshalo esikhulu, esincanyana, esinyene, esinomsoco kanye ne-rosette enamandla yamaqabunga amakhulu engxenyeni yomhlabathi.
Lesi yisitshalo sikashukela esibaluleke kunazo zonke esikhula endaweni enkulu yomhlaba olinyiwe. Amazinga weSucrose asukela ku-8-10 kuye ku-20% futhi ngokuthe ngqo kuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda esikhulayo, izimo ze-agrotechnical, ngoba isiko lidinga ukushisa okukhulu, umswakama, ukukhanya kwelanga.
Kudingeka kakhulu ukushisa kwelanga kwimifino ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo sezimpande - kusukela ngo-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba... Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ushukela unqwabelana kuwo.
Isithombo sebhitrudi sikhiqiza 100%. Imfucuza eshiywe ekukhiqizeni ushukela iyacutshungulwa, isetshenziswe embonini futhi ibaluleke kakhulu.
Imfucumfucu yokukhiqiza isetshenziselwa ukuthola:
- uginindela - imfucuza ngendlela yokusika isithombo sebhitrudi, esetshenziswa njengokudla kwezinkomo, izingulube;
- isiraphu - esetshenziswa embonini yokudla ekukhiqizeni imvubelo, i-citric acid, i-glycerin, i-organic organic kanye notshwala;
- isici (noma udaka wokuzikhulula) - umanyolo we-lime wezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhiqizwa imifino enoshukela i-ethanoledingekayo kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza uphethiloli.
Umlando wokukhula
Ukukhiqizwa kukashukela kusuka ku-beet kwaqala ngekhulu le-19 maphakathi neYurophu (New Silesia), lapho kutholakala khona lesi sitshalo, futhi kwasakazeka ngokushesha. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19, ama-beet aqala ukutshalwa futhi akhule endaweni yaseRussia yanamuhla ne-Ukraine.
Ubukhona bendawo evundile inhlabathi ye-chernozem nesimo sezulu esifudumele ichaza izindawo zokutshala izitshalo: i-Ukraine, iBelarus, iGeorgia, izifunda zomhlaba omnyama zeningizimu yeRussia, kanye namazwe aseningizimu nasenkabeni yeYurophu.
Okwe-2014, abaholi ekutshalweni kwezitshalo nokukhiqizwa kukashukela kuyo yibo:
- IFrance - cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-40;
- IRussia - amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30;
- IJalimane - amathani ayizigidi ezingama-30;
- I-USA - amathani ayizigidi ezingama-28.5;
- Ukraine - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-16;
- IPoland - amathani ayizigidi eziyi-14.
Sekukonke, kulinywa cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-280 wamabhithi emhlabeni.
Ukudla noma imfuyo okuphakelayo
Vele, okokuqala, lesi siko sinobuchwepheshe, kepha izitshalo zezimpande zilungile isisekelo sefolishi sokuzalisa izingulube nezinkomo.
Amaqabunga nama-rhizomes acishe afane nenani lomsoco elilinganayo: i-100 kg yama-beet iqukethe ama-25 unit feed (kubhekwa ukuthi i-1 feed unit ilingana no-1 kg wama-oats ngenani lokudla okunempilo) kanye no-1.2 kg wamaprotheni awusizo, kanti i-100 kg yeqabunga eliluhlaza iqukethe ama-feed angama-22 no-2.2 kg wamaprotheni ...
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngesikhathi sokuvuna isisindo samaqabunga nezimpande cishe ngo-1: 2... Inani lamahlamvu lingasuka ku-40 kuye ku-60% wesisindo semifino.
Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-beet kashukela ekudleni okunomsoco nasemithini yendabuko... Lesi sitshalo sinokuhlanganiswa okucebile kwamavithamini namaminerali: iodine, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, ithusi, i-iron, i-calcium, amavithamini B, i-PP, i-C, i-betadine, ama-pectin.
Lo mkhiqizo usiza ukwandisa ukungatheleleki, i-hemoglobin, inomphumela omuhle emsebenzini wesistimu yenhliziyo, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokugaya ukudla, isuse izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni.
Yemifino inokuphikisana ukuze isetshenziswe ezifweni zezinso, isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-sucrose.
Izici zezimo zokutshala nokulima eRussia
Ukutshalwa nokutshalwa kwama-beet kashukela kuyinqubo ekhandla kakhulu edinga ukunamathela okuqinile kuzo zonke izinsuku ezibekiwe namasu ezolimo.
Ukushintshaniswa kwezilimo kanye nabanduleli abakhulayo be-beet - imidumba, okusanhlamvu ebusika - kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlwanyela
Umhlabathi ulinywa ekwindla, ujule ngamasentimitha angama-30, ngemuva kokufaka umanyolo ogcwele. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iyahlushwa, iyalinywa futhi ilinganiswe.
Hlwanyela imbewu ekushiseni komoya 8-10 degrees Celsius ekujuleni 5 cm... Izinsuku ezi-5 emva kokuhlwanyela, ukuhlukunyezwa kwangaphambi kokuvela kwenzelwa ukubhubhisa ukhula, kukhulule umhlabathi.
Izithombo zivele zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-8-10 emva kokuhlwanyela. Ukukhuliswa kokuqala kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala eqiniso ngokujula kwama-5-7 cm.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo - ukunciphisa izithombo (isixha). Le yinqubo enzima kakhulu, esebenza kanzima, kodwa ebalulekile, ngemuva kwalokho ama-beet aqinile futhi aqinile ahlala enkundleni.
Ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kwesitshalo kuqukethe ukukhulula inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa nokunisela okuningi kufika ezikhathini ezi-4-5 ngenyanga... Ukunisela kumiswa engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba, ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesivuno.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna kuqala ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Amaqabunga aluhlaza awakwazi ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke isivuno esivuniwe ithunyelwe ngokushesha ekucubunguleni izitshalo... Lapho, inqubo yokuthola ushukela kuma-rhizomes iyaqala, futhi izingqimba zicutshungulwa zibe okuphakelayo.
Kusobala ukuthi wonke umjikelezo wokutshala nokucubungula imifino unzima kakhulu futhi uyabiza. Noma umkhiqizo walesi sitshalo ungama-100%, kunzima kakhulu kubakhiqizi ukuthi bathole inzuzo enhle kuzo zombili izitshalo nezitshalo zokulungisa.
Noma kunjalo, ushukela uhlala ungumkhiqizo wokudla ofunwa kakhulu nsuku zonke, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuyisidingo esiphelele nesingenamibandela.