Njengomphumela womsebenzi wokuzalanisa owenziwa ngonyaka we-2008, izinhlobonhlobo ezijwayelekile zotamatisi uNastenka zatholakala. Iningi labalimi bakhetha lokhu kuhlukahluka kwe-hybrid ngamanani aphezulu wesivuno. kanye nekhono lokukhula kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu. Incazelo kanye nezici zezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid uNastenka zethulwe ngezansi.
Incazelo kanye nezici zezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi uNastenka
Utamatisi Nastenka ungowezinhlobonhlobo zesikhathi sokuvuthwa maphakathi nonyaka wokuqala. Ukusuka ekuhlameni kuye ekuthela izithelo, kudlula izinsuku ezingama-95-105.
Isitshalo kuze kufike kuma-70 cm amafomu aphakeme ahlanganisa izihlahlana eziqondile ezingadingi izisekeli ezingeziwe. Amacembe amancane anomphetho lukathayela, aluhlaza okombala. Amahlamvu amaningi ahlanganisa iziqu. I-inflorescence yalolu hlobo ilula, futhi i-peduncle iyachazwa. Ama-inflorescence okuqala abekwa ngemuva kwamaqabunga ayi-10-12, ezilandelayo - ngemuva kwamashidi ama-2-3 kusuka kwangaphambilini. Ukudubula okuyinhloko kuyeka ukukhula ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sakhe ama-inflorescence ayi-12. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqanda amaningi, ngakho-ke njengoba sivuthwa, udinga ukukhetha njalo izithelo ezivuthiwe, ngaleyo ndlela sivumele okulandelayo ukuthi kuvuthwe ngokwengeziwe.
Izithelo ziyindilinga, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa zinombala obomvana obomvana. Utamatisi wobukhulu obuphakathi esiteji sokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe anesisindo esingu-150-200 g.Ihlukaniswa ngokudla kwayo, i-juiciness nokunambitheka okuhle.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zeNastya zithathwa njengezintsha, usekwazile ukunqoba uthando lwabalimi abaningi, bobabili abaqalayo nabanolwazi, ngenxa yezimpawu zakhe ezinhle:
- phezulu izinkomba zesivuno, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nezimo ezikahle, inganikeza kufika ku-10-12 kg nge-1m2;
- ithuba lokukhula njengo ezimweni zokushisa okushisayo kanye nasezindaweni ezivulekile zomhlaba;
- ikhono lokusetha izithelo kunoma iyiphi indawo yesimo sezulu, ilungele ukulinywa ezifundeni zaseSiberia, njengoba ikubekezelela ngokuphelele konke ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu;
- ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni nokufana kwezithelo kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu utamatisi, ikakhulukazi ekulimaleni sekwephuzile, okusiza kakhulu umsebenzi womhlali wasehlobo;
- kwanele isikhathi eside sokugcina, ngoba izithelo azibuni futhi aziqhekeki;
- efanelekile ukusetshenziswa okusha, izikhala zasebusika nokulungiswa kwezitsha ezahlukahlukene, okunikeza ukunambitheka okubabayo nephunga elithile.
Okubi kokuhlukahluka kufaka:
- isidingo samanani amakhulu umanyolo wamaminerali;
- ulwazi lwemithetho namakhono athile lapho ukhula izithombo.
Izici zokukhula nokutshala
Lapho ukhetha lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi, kufanele uzijwayeze hhayi kuphela amandla nobuthakathaka bayo, kepha futhi nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo futhi uyinakekele.
Izidingo zenhlabathi zokutshala
Ukulungisa inhlabathi yezithombo kubhekwa njengephuzu elibalulekile lapho kukhula utamatisi. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthola izithombo eziqinile ngokukhula okuzinzile okusebenzayo kuphela uma kune-substrate yenhlabathi enomsoco, kungcono ukuyithenga esitolo, ukhetha ukuqala kokuqala noma okukhethekile, eyenzelwe ukutshala utamatisi. Ungenza futhi ingxube yakho yokubumba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi yensimu nesihlabathi, umquba kanye ne-peat bese ufaka inhlanganisela yomanyolo oqukethe izinto zepotashi ne-phosphorus.
Ngaphambi kokufaka izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, udinga ukunakekela ukukhetha indawo nomhlabathi, lapho isivuno esizayo sesitshalo semifino sincike khona.
Okuncamelayo kufanele kunikezwe izindawo ezinelanga ezivikelekile emimoyeni ebandayo.
Awukwazi ukuhlakulela isivuno ezindaweni eziphansi, ezinamanzi lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha inhlabathi eyisihlabathi, eligcina umswakama kahle noma inhlabathi evundile, ifakwe izinto eziphilayo.
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala izithombo - ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Imbewu ethengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile akudingeki icwiliswe futhi isetshenzwe ukuvikela izifo, ngoba lezi zinqubo zenziwa ngendlela yezimboni.
Imbewu katamatisi kufanele itshalwe ezitsheni noma emabhokisini akhethekile. Isidingo esiyimpoqo seziqukathi ubukhona bemigodi yokuhambisa amanzi ukukhipha umswakama owedlulele kusuka ezimpandeni zezitshalo.
Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo nesinyathelo sokutshala imbewu:
- Phansi kweziqukathi faka i-drainage ungqimba we-1-2 cm, bese uthele inhlabathi elungisiwe bese unisela kahle, usebenzisa amanzi afudumele.
- Lapho kufakwa umswakama tshala izinto zokutshala ekujuleni kwe-1-2 cmukugcina ibanga phakathi kwembewu ka-2 cm.
- Fafaza ungqimba oluncane inhlabathi evundile futhi emanzisa ngebhodlela le-spray.
- Ngemuva kokuphela kwenqubo yokutshala beka isitsha egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle ngokushisa okungu-22-25̊ С, lapho ngaphambili wawamboze ngento yefilimu.
- Lapho kuvela amahlumela anobungani udinga ukususa ifilimu, yehlisa izinga lokushisa libe yi-17-18̊ С futhi ufeze ukulinganisela, ngoba ukuminywa kwamanzi kungadala ukufa kwezitshalo.
- Izithombo zidinga ukucwila ezitsheni ezihlukile ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhula ngenkathi kwakhiwa amaqabunga ayi-2-3 ayiqiniso.
Ukufakelwa kabusha utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi esivumayo sokutshala izithombo embhedeni ovulekile womhlaba kungukuqala kukaMeyi, ngemuva kokuthi umoya ufudumele kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa lama-12 degrees nangaphezulu. Inqubo yokutshala yenziwa kahle kakhulu kusimo sezulu esiguqubele, ukuze izitshalo zithole ithuba lokukhula ziqine. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izithombo kufanele zibe nezinsuku ezingama-60-65 ubudala futhi zibe namaqabunga ayi-6-8 kanye namabhulashi ezimbali ayi-1-2.
Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokutshala:
- Ngaphambi kokwehla nisela izithombo kahle, okuzosiza ukususa izithombo ezitsheni ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwamaxolo.
- Yenza izimbobo zijule ebhentshini lokwela uwagcwalise ngamanzi. Ngomsebenzi wokutshala, ungafaka isicelo isikimu se-70x40, okusho ukuthi ukuminyana kwezitshalo ezi-4 nge-1 m2.
- Lapho umswakama umuncwa, susa izithombo ezitsheni bese ujule ubheke phansi emhlabathini.
- Fafaza izimpande ngenhlabathi... Bese usakaza umquba uzungeze isiqu bese umboza umgodi ngomhlaba, uwunyathele ngokucophelela.
- Ekupheleni kokwehla Thela isihlahla ngasinye sotamatisi nge-1 litre lamanzi.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezikahle nokunakekelwa okufanele, utamatisi wokuqala uzovela ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ukunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha
Imiphumela emihle ekwandiseni isivuno nokwandisa isikhathi sezithelo inikezwa ngokunakekelwa okulungile okufika ngesikhathi, okuyi kufaka phakathi ukwenziwa kwale misebenzi elandelayo:
- humidify inani elilinganisiwe lamanzi afudumele;
- njalo sondla isitshalousebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi;
- ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo ukhula kusuka kukhula, thukulula inhlabathi ukuze ihlale ivulekile futhi ihlanzekile;
- susa amaqabunga aphansi ukwandisa ukukhula nokungenisa umoya kangcono kwezihlahla;
- qaphela izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvikela izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane;
- esimweni sezulu esibi saseSiberia nyathela inhlabathi ngotshani noma ngotshaniukuze uhlelo lwempande lungabi yiqhwa.
Into esemqoka ukuqhuba izinqubo, ukugcina yonke imithetho nezincomo zabalimi abanolwazi.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Lapho sikhula, isivuno sidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa. Ngisho nangokunakekelwa okuhle, umlimi angashiywa ngaphandle kwesitshalo ngenxa yethonya lamagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta noma izinambuzane. Izifo zikatamatisi zikhula kancane kancane, futhi imvamisa umlimi akakwazi ukuthola inkinga kusenesikhathi.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi eziletha ukulimala okungenakulungiswa kusiko - isicabucabu kanye ne-whitefly.
Izifo ezivamile ezithinta izithelo zibandakanya igciwane le-mosaic virus kanye ne-blight sekwephuzile. Ngokwencazelo, izinhlobo zeNastena zinokuzivikela kulezi zifo. Kepha amandla okumelana nezifo akusho ukuthi isiko alikwazi ukutheleleka nhlobo. Ngokuyinhloko, izitshalo noma utamatisi obuthakathaka zisengozini, ezilinywa ngokwephula izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezimpawu zanoma yisiphi isifo, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukunakekelwa okunekhono kwezihlahla futhi uqhubeke nokuhlola okubonakalayo kwezitshalo. Ukufafaza ngokuvikela ngamafungicides nakho ngeke kulimaze.
Imithetho yokuvuna kanye neyokugcina utamatisi
Izithelo zingakhiwa ngokuvuthwa okuhlukile, kuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nendlela esetshenziswa ngayo. Utamatisi, udliwe ngokushesha, mhlawumbe uvuthiwe, futhi ukugcina - esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwe-blanche... Inzuzo yalokhu kuvuna ukudala indawo enethezekile yokukhula nokuvuthwa kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo.
Into esemqoka ukungaphuthelwa isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuhlanza kokugcina. Ukuvuna ngenkathi izinga lokushisa lomoya ebusuku lingaphezu kuka-7-8̊S. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kunengozi yezifo zamatamatisi, okungadala umonakalo uma kugcinwa.
Utamatisi okhiwe esigabeni sokuvuthwa okuphelele udinga ukufakwa ezinsukwini ezintathu ezizayo, bese kuthi okuluhlaza kugcinwe.
Ukuze isivuno sivuthwe futhi singonakali, udinga ukugcina imithetho eminingana ngesikhathi sokugcina:
- gcina kuphela izithelo ezivunwe esimweni sezulu esomile futhi ngaphandle kokulimala, amabala nokufakwa kwangaphandle;
- isiqu kufanele sishiye esithelweni - lokhu kuzosiza ukwandisa impilo yeshalofu isikhathi esiphezulu;
- isivuno faka iziqukathi eziqinileembozwe ngezinto ezithambile ezivela ngaphakathi;
- khetha igumbi elimnyama, elomile, elinomoya, izinga lokushisa okungekho ngaphezu kuka-23̊C, futhi umswakama omkhulu ungama-80-85%.
Ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi uNastenka kuzoletha injabulo enkulu kubo bonke abalimi bengadi... Isiko lemifino lizoklomelisa ngokukhululekile ukunakekelwa nokunakwa ngesivuno esinothile samatamatisi amnandi, amnandi futhi anamakha.