Ukutshala amazambane akuyona inqubo elula. Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu samazambane, udinga ukulandela imiyalo ethile yokunakekelwa nokulungiswa.
Izici zokulungiselela amazambane okutshala emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile, izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zikhethwe kahle futhi kufanele kwenziwe izinqubo eziningana zokuphoqeleka.
Kunconywa ukucubungula kahle izinto zokutshala. Ukuhluma kufanele kuqalwe kuphela ngemuva kosuku oluqondile lokutshala olwaziwayo. Ukucubungula nokuhlunga izinto zokutshala kuyenziwa kungaba entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
Izimpande ezinempilo kufanele zikhethwe. Akufanele kube khona izinambuzane ehlathini, futhi izimpande kufanele zibe nezilimo eziyizigaxa eziningi. Ungashiyi imbewu eyonakele ukuze isetshenziswe.
Omunye umthetho wesithupha lapho upakisha imbewu uthi i-tuber etshaliwe inkulu, isitshalo sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu... Ngenxa yalokhu, isivuno singatholakala phambilini futhi ngobuningi obukhulu.
Kungcono ukhethe izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinesisindo Amagremu ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu... Kuhle ukutshala amazambane enesisindo kusuka ku-50 amagremu futhi nokuningi. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi izithelo ezinesisindo esincane.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukulungisa izilimo eziyizigaxa ukuze zihlume. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi izinto zokutshala azinazo izifo futhi azithelelekile, khona-ke ungaqhuba inqubo yokuhlwaya. Ukudonswa kwenziwa kuphela ngezimbewu ezingakagxili.
Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokutshala eSiberia
ESiberia, isikhathi esihle sokwehla: entwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo... Umhlabathi kufanele ngabe usufudumele kakade. Ukuvuna kufanele kube khona ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zilungiselelwe ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zikhethwe, zigezwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, zomiswe zifakwe kwisitoreji. Kunconywa ukuthi uthole izinto zokutshala kusasele izinsuku ezingama-30, bese uhluma nganoma iyiphi indlela egumbini elipholile kuze kuvele amahlumela aluhlaza.
Amazambane embewu
Ukulungisa amazambane embewu, udinga ukwenza lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ukufudumeza;
- ukuhluma ekukhanyeni;
- ukufakwa kwembewu esezingeni eliphansi.
Ukukhula okujwayelekile kwamazambane, imbewu idinga ukufudunyezwa kahle.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, bazokhula kancane kancane emhlabathini futhi banikeze isivuno esibi. Uma imbewu yomama igcinwe emhlabathini isikhathi eside, ichayeka ekuhlaselweni yizifo kanye nezinambuzane.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingafakwanga
Izambane kufanele igcinwe egumbini elingaphansi ezitsheni zepulasitiki. Ngaphambi kokutshala izinsuku ezimbalwa, kufanele uthole futhi uhlele izithelo. Khetha amazambane angamila amaphakathi naphakathi, khona-ke kuzoba lula ngawo ukuthi ahlume emhlabathini.
Amazambane angafakwanga azokhula kancane futhi akhiqize isivuno esintekenteke. Ukusiza amazambane lapho utshala, udinga ukupheka nokutshala enhlabathini efudumele.
Ukukhethwa
Akunandaba ukuthi imbewu yathengwa kuphi, ngaphambi kokutshala udinga hlola ikhwalithi yabo... Akufanele kube nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezibolile noma eziqhekekile. Ubuso besithelo kumele buhlanzeke, bungabi nazifo, amazinyo, ukukhula, imifantu.
Noma yiliphi iphutha emazambane lingabonisa ukutheleleka kwalo ngesilokazane. Isibonelo, ukuba khona komfantu kwizilimo eziyizigaxa kungakhombisa isifo - ukubola okomile.
Kungani inqubo idingeka
Isivuno sincike kwikhwalithi yezilimo eziyizigaxa nezimo zokugcina ebusika. Uma i-tuber ihluma iqhuma, lokhu kuzoholela ekwehleni kwesivuno. ngo-20%.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezibuthakathaka nazo zinciphisa kakhulu isivuno. Izinto zokutshala ezingakhethiwe zingaholela ekuthelelekeni kwezifo kuso sonke isivuno.
Ungaqala kanjani ukulungiselela
Baluleke kakhulu bagcine izimo zokugcina izinto zokutshala. Izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zigcinwe egumbini elingaphansi emazingeni okushisa aze afike ku-2 degrees Celsius.
Udinga ukuqala ukulungiselela izilimo eziyizigaxa okufanele uzitshale kusuka ku-bulkhead, uzifake ku: ezincane, eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu. Incane ize ifike ku-50 gr, imaphakathi ize ifike ku-70 gr, ibe nkulu ize ifike ku-90 gr.
Ukutshala amazambane okuqala, kungcono ukusebenzisa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu. Uma amazambane engalingani, lesi isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuwohloka kwemifino. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi izimo ezinjalo. Izinto zokutshala ezihamba phambili ukukhetha, okuthengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufika udinga sebulala amagciwane ngezilimo eziyizigaxa isigamu sehora kusisombululo se-potassium permanganate ne-vitriol engxenyeni yamalitha ama-5 wamanzi, i-5 g ye-potassium permanganate ne-1 g ye-sulphate yethusi.
Izindlela
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulungisa amazambane wokutshala. Lezi zindlela zifaka phakathi.
Ukuhluma
Ukuhluma kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana:
- Ekukhanyeni... Kwenziwe egumbini elikhanyayo kuma-t 5-10 degrees. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe izilimo eziyizigaxa eziphakathi nendawo kuze kufike kuma-gramu angama-90, zisatshalaliswe kusendlalelo esisodwa eduze komunye nomunye bese ushiya inyanga kuze kube yilapho amahlumela akha 1 cm ubude. Amazambane kufanele aguqulwe ngokucophelela njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa.
- Ku-polyethylene... Udinga ukufaka izilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhwameni zezicucu eziyi-10 bese wenza izimbobo eziningi zokudlula komoya-mpilo. Kunconywa ukulengisa izikhwama ekamelweni elikhanyisiwe, kodwa hhayi elangeni eliqondile. Gcina kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala.
- Emabhodweni... Ungathatha izitsha ezinkulu zobumba noma amabhodlela epulasitiki, njengoba ngaphambili usike phezulu kwesiqukathi. Amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala amila ezimbizeni. Ukuhluma kuqala inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngaphambi kwalokho, amazambane kufanele agcinwe emswakeni omanzi noma i-humus isikhathi esingangesonto. Bese udlulisela ezimbizeni, ubeka i-humus exutshwe nenhlabathi phansi kusengaphambili.
- Emabhokisini anokufaka umquba... Fudumeza imbewu kuhhavini noma kuhhavini ukuyigcina iphephile ezinambuzane. Faka umanyolo ngamaminerali nangokwemvelo, ukubeke phansi kwamabhokisi. Beka izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingqimba eziningana bese uthambisa kancane ngamanzi. Shiya kuze kuvele amahlumela ngaphakathi endlini ezingeni lokushisa lama- + 15 degrees.
UWilting
Kunconywa ukomisa amazambane. Isidingo uyendlale phansi egumbini elifanele (ngongqimba owodwa). Inqubo ihlala izinsuku eziyishumi. Ngosizo lwe-wilting, ungafaka umoya ezitshalweni zezimpande bese ubala lezo ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Ukuzifudumeza
Imbewu idinga ukuthi idluliselwe emasontweni amane ngaphambi kokutshala ekamelweni elifudumele ngokushisa kuze kufike kuma-degree angama-20 bese ubashiya lapho isikhathi esingangesonto. Okulandelayo, kufanele uzidlulisele futhi angene egumbini elikhanyisiweukuphi ukushisa amadigri angadluli ku-10.
Izinhlamvu kufanele zihlale zimanzi njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi ufafaze ngokucophelela izilimo eziyizigaxa ngebhodlela lokufafaza ngamanzi. Imbewu ikulesi simo kuze kufike isikhathi sokutshala.
I-Etching
Ku gwema ukungcoliswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinezifo, kufanele ifakwe emanzini anosawoti. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izixazululo ezithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Ungaqhuba futhi inqubo ekhaya usebenzisa i-potassium permanganate. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunciphisa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate ngamanzi, engeza i-sulfate yethusi bese ugoqa amazambane kusixazululo seminithi elingu-1. Ngemuva kwenqubo, imbewu kufanele ivunyelwe ukuvakasha.
Isithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane, udinga ukwenza izinqubo eziningi:
- ngaphambili bamba inhlabathi ujule ngo-15-20 cmukubhubhisa izinambuzane;
- phatha inhlabathi ngezixazululo ezikhethekile zokuvimbela kusukela ekulimaleni sekwephuzile;
- ucebise inhlabathi ngamaminerali nangokwemvelo;
- unyaka ngaphambi kokutshala okuhleliwe kwamazambane, tshala kusayithi abalingani.
Ukulungiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo. Ukutshala amazambane akuyona ibhizinisi elilula nelithatha kanzima, kepha into enkulu ukuthola umvuzo ngesimo sokuvuna okunothile nokunempilo. Ngikufisela impumelelo!