Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile, udinga ukuthi uwulime kahle umhlaba. Amazambane ayisilimo esingenamandla futhi adinga ukulinywa okujulile kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Sifunda ngezindlela namasu okulima, kanye nesikhathi sokumba amazambane ku-athikili.
Ukumba nini amazambane
Isikhathi esithile kufanele sidlule kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala siye esikhathini sokuvuna. Futhi lesi sikhathi sincike ezicini eziningana: izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe, isikhathi sokutshala isivuno, izimo zezulu. Kunzima ukusho ngqo isikhathi esiqondile.
Kukhona ukuncika kokuvuna: uma amazambane atshaliwe ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho-ke udinga ukumba kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti... Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwezibalo, isikhathi esihle sokutshala yinyanga kaMeyi futhi udinga ukumba amazambane ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Yize, ngokwesilinganiso, ukuvuna kuqala kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti.
Igama lokumba imifino ngqo lincike enhlobonhlobo. Izinhlobo zakuqala zimbiwa emavikini angu-4-6 ngaphambi kwezindala.
Ngakho-ke lapho umba amazambane, kufanele wazi ukuthi izosetshenziswa ngamiphi imifino. Uma udinga amazambane amancane ngokushesha ukuze upheke, khona-ke udinga ukuwumba kakade ekupheleni kukaJulayi.
Uma isivuno sezimpande kufanele sigcinwe bonke ubusika, isivuno sokuqala asinconywa. I-peel kufanele ibe lukhuni, uma kungenjalo amazambane azokonakala ngokushesha futhi abole.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokuvuthwa kwamazambane
Amazambane yizitshalo ezitshalwa ngobuningi zihlobene nezinye izitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa yisikhathi sokuvuna futhi bamba isivuno sezimpande ngesikhathi... Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuqonda ngezimpawu zangaphandle ukuthi imifino isivuthiwe.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuvuthwa kwamazambane zifaka:
- izihlahlana oma, ubune futhi uphuzi;
- isikhumba samazambane ambiwe ama-coarsens, siba sikhulu futhi singaphuli kahle (ngokungafani namazambane amancane);
- izilimo eziyizigaxa seziqoqele isitashi esanele ukuba siphile isikhathi eside futhi zisinde esikhathini sasebusika. Kulula ukuthola, udinga ukulahla i-iodine kuginindela. Uma i-pulp isiphenduke i-lilac, khona-ke amazambane alungele ukugcinwa;
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa lapho zivunwa khipha kalula ngeziqu nezimpande.
Kungani uvuna ngesikhathi
Uma uqala ukumba isitshalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isikhumba sezilimo eziyizigaxa sivunwa kahle kakhulu futhi singagcinwa izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela.
Ukugcina izilimo eziyizigaxa isikhathi eside, ikhasi kumele libe lukhuni... Akunakwenzeka futhi ukudalula ngokweqile imifino emhlabathini ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- amazambane alinyazwa yizinambuzane eziyingozi noma izifo;
- izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyoma futhi zinciphise isisindo;
- izithelo zibola enhlabathini emanzi;
- imifino iqanda kusuka kubanda obukhali obubandayo.
Indlela yokumba amazambane
Kunezindlela eziningana zokumba amazambane. Ukuze benze lokhu, bavame ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ajwayelekile engadi - ifosholo noma imfoloko, noma amasu akhethekile ezolimo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukumba ngesandla kuyinqubo ekhandlekayo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanezinkinga zempilo. Ukucubungula izindawo ezinkulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva.
I-Motoblock
Ukuhlanza ngemishini yezolimo kungenziwa ngemuva zonke iziqongo esizeni zizonqunywa... Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, ungaqala ukumba isivuno sezimpande.
Imishini ilungiswa kusengaphambili. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunconywa ukuthi unake izakhi zokujikeleza. Kumele zigcotshwe kahle ngoyili okhethekile, futhi izingxenye zikatrekta ohamba ngemuva ezokhulula inhlabathi kufanele zihlanze umhlaba, ubumba, amatshe.
Uma izindwani zibuthuntu, kufanele zilolwe kuqala.
Ukusebenzisa ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva noma ukumba ngomlimi ohamba ngemuva kusho ukuhambisana nemiyalo:
- izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe kusengaphambili ngomugqa owodwa oqondileukuze ungadingi ukuhambisa imishini kuyo yonke indawo;
- ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe 70-80 cmukuze ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva ungalimazi igebe eliseduze namasondo;
- lapho kuvuna, kungcono ukusebenzisa okunamathiselwe okungeziwe ukulungisa ukujula;
- udinga ukulungisa inqubo kusengaphambili ukuze ikwazi ukumba kalula;
- ukuze amasondo kagandaganda ohamba ngemuva ahambe ngokulinganayo, kunconywa ukumba amazambane ngaphesheya kwegebe.
Ngokwami
Ungamba amazambane ngesandla ngefosholo noma nge- "digger". Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi onjalo uyafaneleka hhayi ngaphezu kwamahektare amahlanu omhlaba... Uma ingadi inkulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa inqubo - iyashesha futhi isebenze ngokwengeziwe. Ukumba amazambane mathupha kwenziwa kanjena:
- umuntu oyedwa umba ngaphansi kwesigaxa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukushayela ifosholo eduze ne-tuber bese uliphakamisela phezulu;
- umuntu wesibili uqoqa amazambane ehamba ngemuva.
Ngomsebenzi wezandla, ungenza izinto ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye - uqoqe amazambane bese uhlela. Ungashiya izilimo eziyizigaxa zome ebusweni bemigqa.
Ngaphambi kokuqala isivuno, kunconywa ukuthi kulungiswe indawo lapho amazambane azovunwa khona. Lapho ukhetha imifino, kunconywa ukuthi ungayilahli ukuze ugweme ukulimala.
Ukulungisa inhlabathi yokulima
Ukulungiselela umhlaba wokutshala izitshalo, udinga ukuwucubungula kahle, uwugcwalise nge-oxygen. Lokhu kudinga ukulima okujulileukuze izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa zikhule kahle.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulungisa nokutshala umhlaba:
- kujule ngosizo lwabalimi nabasiki abayizicaba;
- ukulima;
- ngokujula komkhathi olimekayo.
Ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi entwasahlobo
Okokuqala, kufanele uqonde ukuthi imuphi umhlabathi olungele amazambane. Amanzi anobumba awakulungele ngokuphelele. Amazambane akufanele atshalwe ezindaweni eziphansi lapho kunethuba lokuqoqwa kwamanzi.
Umhlaba ofanele kakhulu - ukukhanya, isanti, okuxekethile... Kuhle uma kunjalo inhlabathi emnyama, umhlabathi we-peat... Uma inhlabathi ine-oxidized, ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele iphathwe ngehholo lesihlahla, isihlabathi ngomquba noma umquba.
Ukulima ukujula
Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokulima kuncike ezweni nasendaweni. Cishe kuzo zonke izifunda, ukulima ebusika kufanelekile ukujula 30 cm.
Ungalimi ujule, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekuqineni kwenhlabathi i-acidification.
Ungawulima kanjani umhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola isivuno esicebile yilesi ukucebisa inhlabathi nge-oxygen... Ngakho-ke, kufanele ikhululwe. Ukuxega kwenziwa esimweni sezulu esomile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumba inhlabathi ngokujula 15 cm.
Ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane, udinga ukwenza izinqubo eziningi:
- bamba inhlabathi kusengaphambili 15-20 cmukubhubhisa izinambuzane;
- phatha inhlabathi ngezixazululo ezikhethekile zokuvimbela isifo esisheshayo;
- ucebise inhlabathi ngamaminerali nangokwemvelo;
- unyaka ngaphambi kokutshala okuhleliwe kwamazambane, tshala ama-siderates esizeni.
Ungawuhlakulela kanjani futhi kanjani umhlaba entwasahlobo nasekwindla
Entwasahlobo udinga ukulinda kuze kube yilapho iqhwa selincibilike ngokuphelele, nenhlabathi kufudumala kuze kufike ekujuleni kwe-10cm... Ukulima komhlaba kwenziwa ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwayo:
Inhlabathi eyisanti kumele ikhululwe, futhi nenhlabathi emanzi kumele ikhululwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isomile, bese ibuye futhi ngosuku ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane.
Lapho utshala amazambane, udinga sula ukhula ezweni, izinambuzane, izifo. Faka umanyolo bese ulinganisa inhlabathi ngeharika.
Ukucebisa inhlabathi ngamaminerali nangokwemvelo, ungasebenzisa enye yezingxube:
- nge-1 sq.m. Ama-5 kg we-humus, i-100 g yomlotha no-50 g womxube we-nitrophosphate bese wengeza emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala;
- 5 kg womquba, 30 g we-nitrophoska, futhi phakathi kwemigqa bondla ama-20 g we-ammonium nitrate ne-potassium sulfate.
Uma inhlabathi ingcoliswe kakhulu, khona-ke kungcono yenza ngaphandle kwezinto eziphilayo... Uma usebenzisa umquba oluhlaza, inhlabathi igcwele izakhamzimba futhi iyindlela yokuvikela izinambuzane.
Ukucubungula ekwindla, ungasebenzisa indlela ukulima ekwindla... Ithuthukisa isendlalelo sokulima somhlabathi, ikhulisa ikhono layo lokugcina izakhiwo eziwusizo.
Ukukhulisa ukuthela komhlaba, umquba ungasakazeka nxazonke zensimu ngokushesha emva kokuvuna. Futhi, kanye nomquba ungondla inhlabathi nge-superphosphate 30g ne-potassium sulfate 15g nge-1 sq.m. Ngemuva kokuvuna, iziqongqo zinconywa ukuthi ziqoqwe futhi zishiswe ngaphandle kwensimu.
Zonke izincomo ezingenhla kufanele zilandelwe ukuvuna isivuno samazambane esicebile. Yiba nesivuno esihle!