Ukhukhamba uza ngezinhlobo nezinhlobo eziningi. Olunye lwezinhlobo eziphumelelayo ukuhlukahluka kuka-Adam. Izithelo zalolu hlobo zivuthwa ekuqaleni, ekuqaleni kwehlobo.... Ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini, lesi sitshalo sinikeza isithelo saso sokuqala ngenyanga nenyanga. Lawa ukhukhamba we-hybrid. Udinga kuphela ukuthenga imbewu yesizukulwane sokuqala sokuwela. Ukupakisha kufanele kube nophawu lwe-F1. I-athikili inikeza incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nemithetho yokuyinakekela.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zika-Adam zinokumelana okuhle nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.... Akuthinteki yi-powdery isikhutha ne-cladosporium.
Futhi, la makhukhamba anesivuno esikhulu. Bayakwazi ukukhiqiza kufika ku-10 kg wemifino ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele. Izithelo zokuqala zinika ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngemuva kokuvuna, zigcinwa isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi endaweni epholile. Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene azilingani ngosayizi, isihlahla esisodwa sinikeza ukhukhamba omningi. Zithela izithelo kuyo yonke inkathi. Isithelo sinambitha okumnandi kakhulu, esihlwabusayo, nesiphundu.
Imithetho yokufika
Uthanda izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezifudumele noma ezingafudunyezwa, izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuhle. Zingabuye zitshalwe emibhedeni evulekile.
- Okokuqala, imbewu kufanele ifakwe emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kuhlume.
- Indlela enhle yokuhluma ukubeka imbewu ethawula lephepha, uyicwilise bese uyibeka endaweni efudumele.
- Ngemuva kokuhluma, imbewu idinga wafaka esiqandisini usuku, ukuze isitshalo sikhule ukumelana namakhaza.
- Imbewu elungisiwe kungatshalwa ezimbizeni... Kufanele zibe zincane. Izimbiza zepulasitiki noma ezikhethekile ze-peat-humus zifanelekile. Izimbiza kufanele zigcwaliswe ngenhlabathi enomsoco.
- Izithombo kufanele zigcinwe ezimweni ezifudumele. Ekushiseni hhayi ngaphansi kuka +24 degrees C kuze kuhlume amahlumela.
- Ngemuva kokuhluma, izinga lokushisa liyadingeka ukunciphisa kube ngu- +20 degrees C, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukukhanya okuhle.
- Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-4 ikhukhamba izithombo zingahanjiswa emhlabathini.
Kufanele itshalwe ngokohlelo lwe-30x70. Kufanele kube namasentimitha angama-70 phakathi kwemigqa, bese kuba phakathi kuka-30 cm phakathi kwezithombo. Amanye amaphuzu kufanele abhekwe:
- Kungenzeka ukuthi utshale emhlabathini kuphela ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi ufudumele kuze kufike ku-16 degrees C, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lizofinyelela ku-18 degrees C.
- Isikhathi esingangesonto sokutshala, izithombo ziyakhishwa ziye kuvulandi ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu esibandayo futhi ziqine.
Ngosuku olungaphambi kokutshala, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu ngamanzi ahlanzekile afudumele. Amanzi alungiselelwe kusengaphambili alungele lokhu, okufanele kuvikelwe amahora ambalwa.
Izici zokunakekela
Ukuze kulinywe ukhukhamba, udinga ubuncane shintsha indawo njalo eminyakeni emihlanu... Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukhukhamba uzogula kaningi futhi athole izifo ezintsha. Ukuze kuhlume kahle izitshalo, kuyadingeka ukhula iziqinti ngekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze ukhula lungaphazamisi ukukhula kwamakhukhamba futhi lungadli izakhi zalo ezisemhlabathini. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi bese ugoqa izitshaloukuze izimpande zingavezwa obala. Ukuxega akumele kujule, ukuze kungalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngesonto ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi kabili ngesonto ngenkathi lapho kuvela izihlahla ezihlahleni. Amanzi anika isitshalo amandla athe xaxa futhi avumela izithelo zibe namanzi. Nisela ngamanzi angenayo i-chlorinekangcono kusihlwa. Ukhukhamba uthanda kakhulu ukondla. Ubulongwe bezinkukhu noma ubulongwe benkomo busebenza kahle. Ungasebenzisa futhi umanyolo okhethekile wamakhemikhali.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo ukuze uwusebenzise. Ngemuva kweqabunga lesithupha, isiqu kufanele sikhishwe, okuzosiza ekuvuneni okuphezulu.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Izithelo zokuqala zingatholakala ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Konke kuncike ekutheni izithombo zathunyelwa nini emhlabathini. Ukuze uvune, udinga ukususa ngokucophelela ikhukhamba ehlathini ukuze ungalimazi isiqu sesitshalo. Izithelo ezihlutshiwe kufanele zigoqwe ngokucophelela zibe ibhokisi elilungisiwe ukuze zingalimazi.
Gcina ukhukhamba endaweni epholile... Ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukugcina ukubukeka kwabo okusha kuze kube amasonto ama-2, futhi ukubukeka noma ukunambitheka ngeke kuguquke. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, bazolala ngokuphelele izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Izifo Ezingathinta Ikhukhamba U-Adam
Ukubola okumhlophe (sclerotinia)
Ngalesi sifo, kuvela amabala amhlophe esiqwini sesitshalo, esisabalala ehlathini lonke. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izindawo ezithintekile ziyabola. Zivela ngenxa yesikhunta ebusika emhlabathini. Lolu hlobo lwefungus luthanda umswakama kakhulu, ngakho-ke luvela lapho inhlabathi igcwele amanzi. Ukulwa akukhona nje ngokusika izindawo ezithintekile nokuzilapha nge-lime noma ngamalahle, okuzosiza ukuvimbela ukusakazeka ezindaweni ezinempilo.
Ukubola okumpunga
Amahlamvu, izithelo neziqu zimbozwa ngefilimu empunga. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuchelela ngokweqile kwezitshalo. Izindawo ezithintekile zidinga ukwelashwa nge-fungicide, lokhu kuzosiza ukumisa inqubo yesifo noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukutheleleka.
Ukubola kwezimpande
Ukubola kwezimpande - kusakazeka ezimpandeni zesitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga neziqu azikutholi ukudla okunomsoco futhi ziqala ukubuna. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile kwesitshalo bese usinisela ngamanzi abandayo. Ukuvimbela ukufa kwekhukhamba, udinga ukufafaza izimpande ngenhlabathi entsha, ezonikeza ukukhula ezimpandeni ezintsha bese igcina isitshalo.
ICopperhead (i-anthracnose)
Izimpawu - izindawo zethusi ziqala ukuvela esitshalweni. Isikhunta sihlala ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlabathi. Ukulwa nokutheleleka ukwelashwa kwezindawo ezithintekile nge-sulfate yethusi.
ICladosporium
Igama lesibili lalesi sifo indawo yomnqumo ensundu. Sizibonakalisa njengamabala ansundu emaqabungeni nakumahlumela, adluliselwa kancane kancane esithelweni, ngenxa yalokho isithelo singasebenziseki, futhi isitshalo siyafa. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamakhukhamba zithinteka kulokhu kutheleleka, ukumelana kuyinzuzo enkulu yokwahlukahluka.
Viral ikhukhamba KaMose
Okunye ukutheleleka lapho ikhukhamba "Adam" limelana khona. Isakazeka ngokushesha kuso sonke isitshalo. Kubhubhisa amaseli wezicubu. Amabala aphuzi avela emaqabungeni, asakazeka kuso sonke isitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi iyafa. Ukuphela kwendlela yokulwa nalesi sifo ukusika indawo ethintekile ngesikele. Ngemuva kwalokho, izingxenye ezisikiwe kufanele zishiswe.
Isikhunta se-Powdery
Isifo se-fungal esivela njengokuqhakaza okumhlophe emaqabungeni. Ngenxa yokwehlulwa, isitshalo asikwazi ukusetha izithelo futhi sife kancane kancane. Ngenhlanhla, ukhukhamba ka-Adam uyamelana nalolu hlobo lokutheleleka.
Akuzona zonke izifo ezithinta ukhukhamba ezibalwe ohlwini.
Ukugwema ukulimala kwezitshalo, kufanele ubheke izinga lokushisa nokunisela kwezitshalo.
Ikhukhamba izithelo Adam
Izinhlobonhlobo zivame ukusetshenziselwa amasaladi yemifino, pickling, pickling... Ukhukhamba ukhula ungadluli u-12 cm ubude, unesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-100 amagremu. Zonke izithelo zicishe zifane, noma, zinokubukeka okuthengisekayo, zingagcinwa isikhathi eside, aziwohloka ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Ikhukhamba linokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, limnandi, imbewu incane ngaphakathi. Lapho ukuwafaka emathinini, ukhukhamba uyakhwabanisa futhi upakishwe ngokuphelele ezimbizeni.
Ukhukhamba u-Adam uphelele ekukhuleni nasekuthengiseni nasekusebenziseni kwakho.
Imbewu ethathwe ezithelweni zesizukulwane sesibili kungenzeka inganikezi imiphumela efana neyokuqala, ngakho-ke imbewu yezitshalo kufanele itshalwe njalo ngonyaka.