Ukufukamela amaqanda enkukhu kungumsebenzi othokozisayo futhi onesibopho. Lapho uqala ukufukamela okufakelwayo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwawo wonke amadivayisi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi asebenza ngokugcwele, uma kungenjalo kunengozi yokufa kwawo wonke ama-hatch. Ngaphezu kwemishini nesifiso, kubalulekile ukucabangela ama-nuances amaningi, kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala ...
Incubator
Ngokuyinhloko incubator - Leli ibhokisi elenziwe nge-polystyrene (noma i-polystyrene enwetshiwe), enobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, obuqukethe isisekelo nesembozo. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukugcina ukushisa okubekiwe nomswakama egumbini; amanye amamodeli afakwe ngokwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wokuguqula amaqanda othomathikhi, okwenza ukuthi kunganciki ezinkukhu, okuthi, ngemuva kokufukamela, ziyeke ukubeka amaqanda.
Ama-Thermostats futhi izinto ezishisa umoya zitholakala esembozweni se-incubator, futhi amathangi amanziukuhlinzeka umswakama odingekayo ovela ngezansi. Amaqanda alala asondele ezansi.
Iqanda iqanda
Ukuphenduka kweqanda kuyisidingo esibalulekile, kuyenziwa:
- imanuwali way (isigaba esishibhile sama-incubators, inkinga enkulu ukuthi kufanele uvule isembozo ukuze uvule amaqanda, futhi lokhu kuholela ekushiseni kokushisa)
- imishini (kuyadingeka ukudonsa ocingweni bese uhambisa i-grate okulele kuyo amaqanda, izogingqika bese iphenduka)
- okuzenzakalelayo (yonke inqubo yenzeka ngokuzenzakalela kusetshenziswa imoto kagesi)
Isici sokushisa
Isici sokushisa sifakwe kwikhava (phezulu).
Abakhiqizi baseRussia bakhiphe izinhlobo ezimbili zamamodeli asebenza ngenethiwekhi 220V nenketho ehlanganisiwe 220V + 12V, lokhu ukwahluka kohlelo olujwayelekile, olufakwe ngokungeziwe ngama-adaptha wokuxhuma komunye umthombo wamandla (isb. ibhethri). Into enhle ngalokhu okusha ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla okwenza isipele kuqala ngokuzenzekelayo lapho ugesi omkhulu wehluleka.
Izinsimbi zokulinganisa
Ukufukamela kubhekwa njengenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yezobuchwepheshe, lapho ukunamathela ezimweni zokushisa nokulungisa umswakama womoya kudlala indima enkulu.
Abanye abakhiqizi baqedela ama-incubators athengisiwe ama-thermometer nama-hygrometer... Othile ama-thermometer kuphela, futhi kwezinye izinhlobo kuzodingeka uthenge ngokwehlukana imitha lokushisa nemitha yomswakama.
Ubukhulu
Kuya ngobuningi bamaqanda okumele abekwe, izifakeli zasendlini (kulayishwa amaqanda angafika ku-150) futhi zezimboni (inani lamaqanda kuthebhu ngayinye empeleni alinamkhawulo).
Amaqanda
Inqubo yokuchamisela amaphuphu iqala vele ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwamaqanda... Akuwona wonke amaqanda afuywayo afanele ukufukamela, uma inhloso ukuthola inzalo enempilo, enamandla engaqhubeka nokuphila ngokugcwele, lapho-ke udinga ukufukama, ucabangela ama-nuances alandelayo:
- Indlu yenkukhu kufanele ibe nayo iqhudelapho iqhude lihlala phezulu endlini yezikhukhukazi, kunamandla umuzwa wokubusa
- Lapho ezinyathela ngentshiseko izinkukhu, maningi amathuba 100% izingane
- Akufanele ukusebenzisa amaqanda amancane - izinkukhu zizoba ncane futhi zibe buthakathaka
- Kukhethwa ukukhetha amaqanda aphakathi nendawo futhi okungcono mayelana usayizi owodwa
- Amaqanda aqhekekile, amazinyo, izinduna, iziqu zisheshe zilahlwe ukuze kudliwe, ukuma kweqanda okungalungile ngeke kuvumele umbungu ukuba ukhule ngendlela efanele
- Amaqanda awavunyelwe geza noma uhlikihle, ekuhlanzeni, udinga ukusula ngendwangu (ngokwesibonelo, ideki) efakwe kusixazululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-hydrogen peroxide, ukukhwabanisa okulula okunjalo kuzokuvumela ukuthi uzihlanze futhi uzihlanzele amagciwane
- Ilungile isikhathi sokubeka amaqanda - lokhu kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezi-7, ukuvuselelwa kunganqunywa yikamelo lomoya, kulapho likhula kakhulu iqanda, amaqanda amadala, kulapho-ke bezosala kakhulu emuva ekukhuleni
- Kunconyiwe amaqanda esitolo blunt bagcina
- Ukuze ugweme isikhuphasha sinamathela kugobolondo amaqanda adinga ukuphendulwa njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu,
- Uma kuvela ngesikhathi sokudlulisa lokho intambo yesikhupha yaphuka (isikhuphasha sihamba ngokucijile ngaphakathi kwegobolondo lapho iqanda liphendulwa), khona-ke isampula elinjalo kufanele futhi lilahlwe
- Izinga lokushisa lokugcina hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10 futhi angabi ngaphezu kuka-18 degrees Celsius, uma amaqanda ahloselwe ukubeka ku-incubator egcinwa isikhathi eside, izinga lokushisa liphansi
- Umswakama ngesikhathi sokugcina amaqanda enzelwe ukufukamela hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-80%
- Uma isetshenzisiwe incubator ngaphandle kokuzenzakalela kokuguqula iqanda, kulula ukumaka phezulu nangaphansi, ukuze ungadideki (ungasebenzisa ipensela elula, ngokungafani nezibaya zamaphuzu nezimpawu, akuyona into ewuketshezi futhi ngeke ikwazi ukungena egobolondweni iye embungwini)
Umswakama
Umswakama ku-incubator unakekelwa yi ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kusuka ezitsheni ezibekwe ezansi, ukufundwa kwe-hygrometer kufanele kubhekwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, kulungiswe ukuhwamuka.
Izinga lamanzi kufanele lihlolwe cishe njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu.
Encwadini:
- ukusheshisa ukuhwamuka futhi ngaleyo ndlela uphakamise ngokushesha amanani omswakama, unganciphisa indwangu esitsheni ngamanzi
- Unganciphisa ukukhuphuka futhi wehlise ukufundwa komswakama ngokunciphisa indawo yokuhwamuka, ngokwesibonelo, ngokubeka ucezu lweplastiki yegwebu esitsheni esinamanzi.
Ithempelesha
Akunconyiwe vula i-incubator ukuze ufudumale ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kungaphazamisa inzalo.
Izinga lokushisa liyadingeka ekufakeni kufanele ilungiswe ngokwetafula izimo zokushisa (ithebula elingezansi)
Kunconywa ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngamaningana ama-thermometerkusukela kwesinye isikhathi baqamba amanga kancane, futhi kulokhu, zonke iziqu zithinta umphumela.
Okubalulekile! Noma ngabe i-incubator isebenza ngokuzenzakalela, kusadingeka ulawule ukushisa nomswakama njalo!
I-Ovoscope
I-Ovoscope ikusiza ukuthi ubone amaqanda afanelekile nangaphambi kokuwabeka ku-incubator. Iqanda eliguquguqukayo kufanele inamathiselwe ku-ovoscope enesiphetho esibuthuntu. Amaphutha amakhulu zitholwa yile divayisi. Ukuguqulwa kwamaqanda kwenziwa okokuqala ngqa ku 7-8 usuku (ngemuva kokubukwa kokuqala, amaqanda angakhuleliswa noma anokunye ukukhubazeka angasuswa ku-incubator), ngokwesibili Izinsuku eziyi-12-13, ingakhanyiselwa Usuku lwe-18.
Ukubeka amaqanda
Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisile lokho amaqanda kulula kakhulu ukuchitha kusihlwa. Okokuqala, amaqanda kufanele akhishwe egumbini elipholile ayiswe kwelifudumele ukufudumeza ekamelweni lokushisa. Bese ulele ku-incubator
Isikhathi sokufukamela
Ithebula lombuso wethempelesha
Inkathi yokufukanyelwa | Izinsuku | Ithempelesha | Umswakama | Jika | Kusakazwa |
1 | 1-7 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 55-60% | Izikhathi ezi-4-8 ngosuku | — |
2 | 8-14 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 50% | Izikhathi ezi-4-8 ngosuku | — |
3 | 15-18 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 45% | Izikhathi ezi-4-8 ngosuku | Izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku imizuzu eyi-10-15 |
4 | 19-21 | 37.5-37.7 ° C | 70% | — | — |
Ingqikithi yezikhathi zokufukamela ezi-4:
- Izinsuku ezi-1-7 - usuku lokuqala lwebhukumaka lubhekwa, setha izinga lokushisa 37.8-38.0 degrees nomswakama 60%. Awudingi ukushintsha izinkomba zesonto lokuqala, umbungu uyakheka nje, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngemvelo ezinzile, enethezekile, kudingekile kuphela ukuvula amaqanda ukuze kugweme amaphuphu anamathela kugobolondo.
Isici: izikhathi ezintathu zokuqala, udinga ukuvula amaqanda kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka (ukuze usondele kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo), kepha uma kungenakwenzeka ukuvula ihora ngalinye, ungashintsha izikhundla zawo ngokwetafula, into eyinhloko kulingana isikhathi sokuphumula.
Ngesikhathi se-ovoscopy, ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqala, uhlelo lokujikeleza kahle lwe-circulatory kanye ne-plasma yegciwane lapho umbungu utholakala khona kufanele kubonakale, akukabonakali. Kulesi sigaba, ungakwazi susa amaqanda angeziwe (akuvundiswanga noma konakalisiwe)
- Izinsuku eziyi-8-14 - ezinsukwini ezine ezilandelayo udinga ukunciphisa umswakama, bese uqhubeka nokuguqula amaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, ikakhulukazi ichwane elizayo umswakama kubalulekilekusukela ukungabi namanzi kungabhubhisa umbungu. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-allantois (isitho sokuphefumula esisemibungu) itholakala engxenyeni ebukhali yeqanda futhi kufanele isivele ivalekile.
- 15-18 ukuqala ngesonto lesibili udinga ukuqala umoya omncane wokufaka umoya Izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise izinga lokushisa okwesikhashana, ungakhohlwa ukuvula amaqanda. Umoya uqala umzimba futhi wandise ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. I-ovoscope ngalesi sikhathi izokhombisa isikhala ngaphakathi esigcwele umbungu, igumbi lomoya kuphela elizohlala lingenalutho.
Ukunakwa! Ekukhuleni okujwayelekile, kulesi sigaba, igumbi lomoya kufanele lithathe cishe ama-30% weqanda lonke, futhi umngcele ugobile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, usuvele ungezwa ukukhala okuvela eqandeni... Iphuphu lizama ukwelula intamo yalo ngasemaphethelweni abuthuntu eqanda bese liphula ikamelo lomoya, ngemuva kwalokho lifike kugobolondo.
- 19-21 cishe izinsuku ezingama-19 ngemuva kokubeka izinga lokushisa le-incubator kufanele lehliswe kuze kufike ku-37.5-37.7 futhi wandise umswakama uye kuma-70%. Ezinsukwini zamuva nje, kusetshenziswa izinsalela zeprotheni, isikhuphasha bese kuqala ukuluma okuncane. Izinga lokushisa liyehla, umswakama uyenyuka ibanga phakathi kwamaqanda kufanele kube ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngalesi sikhathi akudingeki ukuthi ziphendulwe, ngokuvamile, kungcono ukungathinti amaqanda. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa okuhle ukusakazwa komoyakepha hhayi okusalungiswa.
Encwadini: Impilo yezinkukhu inganqunywa ngokuncinza kwazo. UNorma umsindo ozolile, omnene futhi oyisidina. Okubi kakhulu, uma ukukhala kukhulu futhi kusinda, kusho ukuthi iphuphu liqhwa.
Ngosuku 21 amatshwele kufanele achamusele, iphuphu liphenduke ngokuphikisana newashi bese lichamusela igobolondo. Iphuphu elinempilo izophula igobolondo ngemivimbo engaba mithathu bese izingcezu zegobolondo zibe zinkulu. Lapho ebeke ikhanda lakhe ekugcineni okungaqondile, nentamo yakhe ebukhali, ubeka isisindo sakhe ezindongeni zegobolondo, bese, eligoba, aliphule. Udinga ukuziyeka zome zodwa bese ngemuva kwalokho uzifake endaweni efudumele, eyomile.
Izimpawu Zenkukhu Enempilo:
- Kufanelekile isisu
- Ithambile inkaba
- Inamandla imilenze
- Okukhazimulayo fluff
- Kuyasebenza
- Iphendula ku- imisindo
- Kucacile amehloi-convex kancane
- Mfushane umlomo
Zingaki izinkukhu ongazifuya kuncike kuwe kuphela. Ukufa kwezilwane ezisencane, njengomthetho, umphumela wamaqanda akhethwe ngokungafanele, noma amaphutha embusweni wokufukamela. Awukwazi ukuthembela ngokuphelele kumasu lapho ufuya izinkukhu, akekho umuntu ovikelekile ekuhlulekeni kobuchwepheshe. Ukuqapha umsebenzi ngisho ne-incubator ezenzakalelayo kakhulu idinga okungenani njalo emahoreni ayi-8.
Futhi kubalulekile magciwane kanye ne-incubator ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, nangaphambi kwebhukumaka entsha.
Uma ulandela le mithetho elula, khona-ke izigaxa ezincane eziphuzi, noma ngabe zingama-broiler noma uhlobo olulula, zizokujabulisa kaningi ngokubukeka kwazo.