ICherry mhlawumbe isiko lendabuko kakhulu ezingadini zaseRussia. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zayo eziningi - zombili ezindala, ukukhetha abantu, nezanamuhla. Izikhathi zezidleke ezihloniphekile kanye nezithelo zezithelo ze-cherry zaseChekhov sezishonile. Ezincane, njengomthetho, iziza zomhlaba, umlimi wensimu wanamuhla kufanele azame ukulingana nezinye izihlahla zezithelo. Futhi kunendlela yokuba neqoqo eliphelele lezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry - ngokuxhunyelelwa.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kubhekisa ekwandisweni kwezitshalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungasiza uma:
- inhlobonhlobo endala ayihambelani, futhi ngifuna ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi sikhula kusuka esitsheni;
- wabamba ukuhluka okuzimele - kutshalwe izimbali ze-cherry, kepha akusethi izithelo;
- ezinye isihlahla esivandeni saphukakepha impande ephilayo yahlala;
- Ngifuna ukuba nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene, kodwa indawo yesiza incane kakhulu.
Yini ongayitshala ama-cherry
Ngisho nabalimi bezithelo ze-novice bazwile amagama athi "scion" nethi "isiphunzi". Isitoko yisitshalo, ogonywayo. Hlanganisa - isiqu noma ihlumela le-axillary lesitshalo elizofakwa.
Inqubo iqala njalo ngokukhethwa kwesiphunzi... Kukuye kuphela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwesihlahla kuncike kuphela, kepha futhi nosayizi nokunambitheka kwezithelo. Into yokuqala okufanele uyinake ukuhambisana kwezitshalo. Umthetho olula usebenza lapha: ukusondelana kakhulu, kuba ngcono.
Ukuhambisana kweCherry nezimpande ezahlukahlukene
Isiphunzi | Izinga lokuhambisana | Izici: |
---|---|---|
Cherry zasendle | Phezulu kakhulu | Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zesiphunzi. Akunzima ukuthola isithombo se-cherry yasendle, futhi ingozi yokwenqatshwa kwe-scion incane. Lesi sitshalo sithola ukuqina nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu kusuka esiqwini sempande, kepha singanikeza ukukhula kwezimpande. |
I-cherry yokulima | Phezulu kakhulu | Inketho enhle kakhulu yokutshala izinhlobo eziningana esiqwini esivamile. Kepha kulokhu, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsuku zezimbali zezinhlobo ziyahambisana. |
Inyoni cherry | Phezulu | Esiphethini sezinyoni ze-cherry, i-scion cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iba nezimpande ngokuphelele. Ukukhohlisa okunjalo kuzuzisa ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho: inyoni cherry inika ukumelana nesithwathwa samakhaza nokumelana nezifo. |
ipulamu | Phezulu | Kungcono ukuthatha izithombo ezinjengendle njengesiqu, kodwa futhi ungatshala ama-cherry kuplamu yezinhlobonhlobo ezimila engadini. |
Ithuba | Kuhle | Kuhle kakhulu, kepha isitoko esingajwayelekile sama cherry. I-turne iphonsa ama-suckers amaningi, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nayo. |
I-Cherry plum | Kuhle | Isiphunzi somhlaba wonke sezithelo zamatshe. Ilungele ukukhuthazela kwayo okwehlukile. |
Abanye abalimi bezithelo abazama ukuzizama endimeni yeMichurin bese bezama ukutshala ama-cherries ku-apula noma eliphakathi kwe. Ngempela, lezi zitshalo zingezomndeni ofanayo wezitshalo - iPinki. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo "ngumzala". Izihlahla ze-Apple namapheya - kusuka emndenini omncane we-Apple (eyaziwa ngokuthi "imbewu"), futhi ama-cherries nama-cherries - avela emndenini omncane wePlum ("Izithelo zamatshe"). Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa okunjalo ngeke kuholele empumelelweni.
I-Cherry, njengezinye izithelo zamatshe, ayihlumi kahle okhunini olungapheli. Ukugoma kuzophumelela kakhulu ezihlahleni noma emagatsheni amancane.
Ugoma nini, entwasahlobo noma ehlobo?
Isikhathi esifanele sokusebenza sichazwa yi-plant physiology... Kungcono "ama-transplantologists" angenalwazi ukukhetha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lokhu kungenxa ye-nuance encane: uma wephuze kancane, ujusi oseziqeshini uzokhiqiza i-oxidize, okuzovimbela ukusikwa noma amahlumela ekuthatheni izintambo.
Ungatshala ama-cherries kamuva. Ukuxhunyelelwa ngokusika okuluhlaza ehlobo kwenziwa ngempumelelo enkulu.... Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, kufanele zenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu nangokunembile ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-oxide. Kuthatha ubuhlalu besandla nobuchule. Okwesibili, kubalulekile ukukhetha isimo sezulu esifanele futhi ungalibazisi inqubo kuze kuphele ihlobo.
Ungakuthola kuphi ukusika kokuxhunyelelwa
Imvamisa kuyalulekwa ukuthi kuvunwe ukusikwa kwe-cherry ekwindla, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ngaphambi kokufika kwesithwathwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuzigcina kuze kube sentwasahlobo kungumsebenzi owesabekayo kubalimi be-novice. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa izimo ezinje ukuthi amagatsha ahlala emanzi ngokulingene, kepha angaboli; ayizange iqine, kepha ayivukanga ngaphambi kwesikhathi... Ukuze uzisindise kulezi zinkathazo, kunezindlela ezimbili: thenga izinto zokuxhunyelelwa enkabeni yensimu noma uzisike entwasahlobo.
Izindawo zokugcina izingane zinamakamelo akhethekile lapho kusikwa khona kugcinwa emazingeni aphezulu okushisa nomswakama. Ngaphambi kokufakwa inoculation, udinga ukuvuselela kuphela izigaba. Inketho yokonga: thenga isiqu esisodwa bese ususa amehlo amaningi kuso.
Ungazisika ngokwakho okokusebenza ngokuxoxisana nomakhelwane noma izihlobo. Kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi abaningi, ukuxhunyelelwa ngokusika okusha kuvame ukuphumelela kakhulu kunokusikwa "kwekwindla", noma kugcinwe ezimweni ezifanele.
Ngentwasahlobo, kusikwa ama-cherry cuttings ngokulandelayo:
- Hlola isitshalo sikamama bese ukhetha ihlumela elihle lokukhula konyaka odlulefuthi. Kulula ukuwahlukanisa: amagxolo akubo abomvu, mncane, acwebezela futhi acwebezela.
- Bheka ku- ihlumela lalinamaqabunga kuphela (akhombe)... Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-cherry avame ukuthela izithelo ngqo ekukhuleni konyaka owedlule, ngakho-ke kungabekwa iziqu zezimbali (eziyindilinga).
- Sika ihlumela nge-pruner, susa ihlumela le-apical bese usika "amapensela" ubude obungu-25-30 cm. Ama-3-4 efihlekile kufanele ahlale ekusikeni ngakunye.
Izinto ezilungiselelwe zingasongwa nge-gauze emanzi ukuze ama-cuttings angomi.
Sibutsetelo sezindlela eziyinhloko zokuxhunyelelwa kwama-cherry
Ingadi "odokotela abahlinzayo" sebenze izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokugoma. The elula futhi kufinyeleleke kakhulu Wabasaqalayo - ukuqhamuka, ukulandelana okulula nokuxhunyelelwa ku-cleavage.
Cherry budding: inqubo
Ingqikithi yendlela ukudluliselwa kwehlumela le-axillary le-cherry esitokisini. Kulokhu, okokusebenza okugonyiwe kubizwa ngokuthi "iso". Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, uzodinga ummese ocijile nococeke ngokuphelele (ungasebenzisa umabhalane, kodwa kungakuhle ukuthi ube nocezu lwamehlo) neteyipu ye-PVC. Kungcono ukusika amehlo ngaphambi nje kwenqubo..
- Ihlumela elihle likhethwa esibambo... Kumele inqunywe kanye nengxenye yegxolo (isihlangu). Ubude behawu bucishe bube ngamasentimitha ama-2.Impahla yokuxhunyelelwa ibekwa endwangweni emanzi ehlanzekile ukuze ukusika kungomi.
- Engxenyeni ekhethiwe yesiphunzi ukusikwa okumise okwe-T kwenziwa ngommese kumagxolo.
- Ukuqhaqhaza kuqhuma kancane umgodi wokungena ufakwa futhi ucindezelwe uvalwe izingqimba ezivela phezulu ukuze izinso kuphela zibheke ngaphandle.
- Isakhiwo sisongwe ngemuva kweteyipu ukuze amagxolo angaphuli lapho esuswa.
Abanye abalimi, besaba amakhaza entwasahlobo aphindaphindiwe, bakha ukushisa okushisa okuvela ezikhwameni zepulasitiki ezizungeze ukuxhunyelelwa. Lapha udinga ukukala yonke into kahle. Ingcuphe "yokubilisa" umuthi wakho wokugoma ngaphansi kwelanga elisebenzayo kungenzeka ibe ngaphezulu kwengozi yokuwuqanda.
Ukuqhamuka kuyindlela encane ebuhlungu yokugoma. Ngisho noma kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi umgodi wokungena ungathathi izimpande, lesi sitshalo sizopholisa masinyane isilonda esincane esikha phezulu.
Ukuhlunyelelwa okucacile
Le ndlela ayisiyinkimbinkimbi kuphela, kepha futhi inika nezinga eliphakeme lokusinda. Ngokusho kokubona kwabalimi, kokuthathu kokuxhunyelelwa emgodini, kuthathwa eziyisishiyagalolunye.
Ngokungafani nokufufusa, nansi isiqu sonke sisebenza njengento yokuxhunyelelwa. Kumathuluzi owadingayo ukusika izihlahla noma isaha yensimu, ummese ocijile ohlanzekile (ukuqhutshwa okungcono, kepha ungakwenza ngokujwayelekile), i-tape tape nensimu var.
- Ukusikwa kuyalungiswa ngezinso ezi-3-4 ezinhle. Ukuphela kwayo okuphansi kunqunywa ngommese ku-wedge kabili. Ubude bokusika kufanele bube kathathu ubukhulu bokudubula. Isibambo sisongwe ngendwangu emanzi, ehlanzekile.
- Uma ububanzi besiphunzi bukhulu, ukusikwa okulinganayo kwenziwa ukuphakama okufunayo... Uma i-scion nesiphunzi silingana ngokulingana okulinganayo, kusetshenziswa i-pruner.
- Ummese ubekwa eceleni komugqa wobubanzi besaha esikiwe, futhi kwenziwa imbobo ekujuleni okungu-3 noma 4 cm... Ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa ekuvaleni, ungafaka isikhonkwane sesikhashana kuso.
- Isiqu sinqunywa ekuhlukanisweni kuya ekujuleni okugcwele... Uma isitoko sikhulu, faka ukusika onqenqemeni ukuze amagxolo aqondane namagxolo, kuthi i-cambium ne-cambium. Uma kunokwenzeka, ungaqala ama-scion amabili ngasikhathi sinye - kusuka emaphethelweni amabili.
- Isitoko sigoqwe ngokuqinile ngokuvuthwa nohlangothi oluphambene lweteyipu kagesi... Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukulingana okuphelele kwazo zonke izicubu ze-scion neziphunzi.
- Indawo yokugcina yokwehlukaniswa imbozwe ngehermetically nge-varnish yensimu... Iziqongo ze-cuttings nazo zicutshungulwa.
Namuhla, ama-wax wokuxhunyelelwa akhethekile nama-mastics ayatholakala ezitolo zezingadi. Ziqukethe ama-phytohormones ashukumisa ukukhula okukhula ngokushesha ndawonye, nama-fungicides ukuvikela umuthi wokugomela ukhunta.
Ukubamba okulula
Le ndlela ifanelekile lapho ubukhulu be-rootstock ne-scion bufana. Ngomsebenzi, uzodinga ithenwa, ummese ocijile noma ojwayelekile obukhali, itheyiphu kagesi nedivayisi yokulungisa i-engeli yokusika. Okokugcina kungenziwa kalula ngesandla. Ishubhu elincane lensimbi noma ipulasitiki lisikwa nge-engeli ebukhali (cishe u-30⁰) - futhi usuqedile. Ukugoma kwenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo:
- Isibambo sifakwa kushubhu ukuze umphetho wayo ongezansi ubheke kancane.
- Ngommese ukusika kwenziwa ngqo eceleni komugqa wokusika webhubhu.
- Isitoko sifinyezwe nge-pruner kubude obufunayo... Kufakwa ishubhu kuso bese kusikwa okufanayo.
- Isiqu sisetshenziswa esitokisini ngokusikwa okusikiwe... Zonke izindwangu kufanele zihambisane kahle.
- Ukuxhumeka kuqinile esongwe ngetape kagesi.
Ukubumbana okulula kukuhle kube lula kanye nezinga elihle lokusinda. Kepha inokubuyela emuva: amandla anganele endaweni yokuhlangana. Ama-cherry anezinkuni ezibuthakathaka, futhi amandla esibopho nesitoko kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa... Ngalo mqondo, indlela yokuqhamuka ithembeke kakhulu.
Lapho uxhunyelelwa esihlokweni somuthi, udinga ukukhetha indawo eseduze nomqhubi ophakathi. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka i-scion ngokudla okwanele futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokuqhekeka kwamahlumela.
Ukuthi umuthi wokugoma uphumelele noma cha ubonakala ngemuva kwesonto noma amabili. Uma amahlumela eqala ukukhula, khona-ke okokusebenza kwenzeka izimpande ngokujwayelekile.... Awudingi ukususa iteyipu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ukungena kwe-callus kuzokwakhiwa endaweni yokuhlangana - ukuqina okufana nekholi. Ngentwasahlobo ezayo kuzosuswa izinsalela zetape tape bese ulinda isivuno.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kweCherry kungumsebenzi othokozisayo, ngokufana nesilingo sesayensi. Inika indawo eningi yobuciko futhi ngisho nensimu engamamanzi ingakwenza.