Akukaziwa kakhulu okwamanje, kodwa izinhlobonhlobo ezithembisayo zezihlahla zama-apula zeLobo, efanelekayo kubathandi bezithelo ezinkulu nezinoshukela.
Yazalwa eCanada ngokususelwa kolunye uhlobo lwama-apula adumile kusetshenziswa impova yamahhala. Futhi izinhlobonhlobo zithela izithelo futhi akuyona into ehlekisayo ukunakekela, okwaba nomthelela ekusakazekeni kwayo ngokushesha ezindaweni zensimu.
Umlando wokuzala
Izihlahla zama-apula e-Lobo zazalwa ngo-1906, edolobheni lase-Ottawa - inhloko-dolobha yaseCanada. Ukuzidala, sisebenzise impova yamahhala yezinhlamvu zama-apula akwaMacintosh.
Ama-apula atholakele yaqala ukuthandwa ngo-1920, lapho beqala ukukhulisa amakhosi adumile emkhakheni wokukhetha nabalimi abalula. Ngawo lowo nyaka, izinhlobonhlobo zasakazekela eBaltics naseBelarus.
Ngo-1979, lapho izitshalo zibekezelela ubusika obubanda kakhulu, kwavuselelwa isithakazelo kuzo. Lapho-ke izihlahla zama-apula e-Lobo zathola isimo sohlobo lwezinhlobo ezingamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke zasakazeka ngokushesha ezifundeni ezisenyakatho.
Kuyathembisa ukukhulisa okuhlukahlukene endaweni yesifunda saseLower Volga. Futhi, lezi zihlahla zama-apula zithandwa eLithuania, eBelarus, e-Ukraine nasezifundazweni zaseBaltic.
Izici nokuchazwa kokuhlukahlukene
Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphakathi nendawo., ekhula ngenkuthalo ekuqaleni ngemuva kokwehla. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakheka umqhele ovundlile okweqanda esihlahleni sama-apula iLobo. Ngemuva kokumiswa kokukhula, bathola isimo esiyindilinga futhi bazace baphume.
Kumahlumela amancane ezinhlobonhlobo, i-cherry tint iyisici. Amaqabunga amakhulu, aluhlaza okotshani avame ukuba ne-ovoid. Ubuso beshidi bufiphele futhi bunokubi okuncane, futhi ukuphela kwalo kubukhali, kwesinye isikhathi kuyasatshalaliswa.
Ama-apula ngokwawo makhulu ngosayizi, anesisindo esifinyelela ku-180 g... Imvamisa ziyindilinga noma zinde kancane ziyindilinga ngesimo.
Ekuqaleni, izithelo zinombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ziba bomvu. Kepha ama-apula weLobo angathatha umthunzi omnyama we-burgundy ngengubo yokuthambisa phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuna.
Inyama emhlophe yesithelo inokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Izithelo zinoshukela ngokunambitheka, ngomuncu omncane... Ama-apula anamanzi amaningi futhi angasetshenziselwa ukwenza ujusi.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zikhula ngokushesha, kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula iwela eminyakeni engu-3-4. Izithelo zivamile futhi zichichima. Isihlahla esisodwa singakhipha kufika ku-380 kg wokuvuna.
Amanani wokuvuna esihlahleni esisodwa se-apula ayanda minyaka yonke. Iminyaka yokukhiqiza kakhulu yileyo lapho umoya uqukethe inani elikhulu lomswakama.
Isihlahla se-apula seLobo sivuthwa ezinyangeni zokugcina zasekwindla, ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala, ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlukahluka kubizwa ngokuthi ubusika. Ukuvuthwa okuphelele kwesithelo kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba.
Le nqubo yenzeka ngasikhathi sinye kuwo wonke ama-aphula, ngakho-ke udinga ukuwaqoqa ngesonto.
Ukugcina ama-apula
Isivuno sigcinwa kuze kube nguJanuwari... Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izithelo zeLobo zingagcinwa isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu. Ngenyanga yesine, ama-apula ayabonakala ukuthi ayoma futhi axegise uginindela.
Izithelo zeLobo zibonakala ngekhwalithi yokugcina enhle, isethulo esihle kakhulu, futhi futhi kulula ukuhambisa.
Uma kungenzeka kube nezinguquko ezingazelelwe ekushiseni kwegumbi lokugcina, khona-ke iziqukathi ezinezithelo kufanele zifakwe. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokugcina ama-apula weLobo ngu kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-7 degrees Celsius.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zezihlahla zama-apula zeLobo
Zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zombili.
Izinzuzo eziphambili zeLobo zifaka phakathi:
- izithelo zokumaketha okuphezulu (usayizi omkhulu, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu);
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukubekezelelana kwezimo ezomile ngenxa yokuphakama okuphakathi kwezihlahla;
- ukuthela njalo;
- umkhiqizo obalulekile;
- ukuthuthwa okuhle kakhulu.
Kodwa izihlahla zama-apula zalolu hlobo kukhona nokubi:
- impilo eshalofini emfushane yezithelo - cishe izinyanga ezingama-2-3;
- ezimweni ezinomswakama ezinezulu elinemvula, izihlahla nezithelo zihlaselwa ngotwayi ne-powdery isikhutha.
Ukufika
Ukufeza ukukhula kwesihlahla sekhwalithi esizokhiqiza isivuno esikhulu minyaka yonke, udinga ukubheka izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile lapho utshala izihlahla zama-apula ezisencane.
Ukuqala udinga ukucabangela ibanga phakathi kokufika, okuya ngosayizi wesihlahla somuntu omdala. Ngokuphakama okumaphakathi, igebe kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-3.5.
Izidingo zenhlabathi zincike esikhathini sokutshala izithombo zeLobo. Uma uhlela ukutshala kubo entwasahlobo, bese belungisa inhlabathi ekwindla, beyivumela ukuthi ibambe futhi ifudumale kahle.
Ukutshala ekwindla izihlahla ezincane, inhlabathi ilungiswa izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi.
Endabeni yokumba komhlaba okokuqala, ukhula kufanele lususwe, lufakwe umquba ngokugqokiswa okuphezulu, kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana luphinde lumbiwe. Ama-5 - 8 kg omquba noma we-humus afakwa ngemitha elilodwa lendawo.
Uma inhlabathi ihlwanyelwa ekwindla, khona-ke amagade amakhulu omhlaba awathukululwa. ISod kufanele ishiywe kuze kufike intwasahlobo. Lapho inani le-pH lomhlaba lingaphezu kuka-5.5-6.5, umcako wenezelwa emhlabathini.
Lapho umba umgodi ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-apula, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ivolumu yaso kufanele yanele isithombo kanye nezimpande nenhlabathi evundile, ebekwa ezansi kokucindezeleka. ngakho-ke kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza umgodi ububanzi obuyi-1 metre nobude obungu-90 cm.
Lapho kungcwatshwa isithombo, kuphela ungqimba oluphezulu oluvundile okufanele lusetshenziswe ukunikeza isihlahla ukukhula okuhle. Phansi komgodi kumbozwe ingxube yezingubo, kuhlala u-2/3 wevolumu kusuka ekhefini lokutshala.
Imvamisa ngalokhu thatha i-1 kg ye-superphosphate, i-1 kg yomlotha, amabhakede ama-2-3 ama-humus namabhakede ama-3-4 ama-peat chips... Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe zafakwa emgodini. Ngemuva kwalokho isithombo siyatshalwa, inhlabathi ingcwatshwe ngaphakathi futhi ifakwe isitampu eduze kwaso.
Ukunakekela
Izihlahla ze-apula zeLobo azithobeki ekunakekelweni... Kwanele ukuqapha njalo isimo sezihlahla nokwenza i-prophylaxis yokulwa nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Lapho utshala isihlahla se-apula, impande enkulu iphendulwa nge-engela ka-90 ° ukuze isiko lithathe izakhamzimba kangcono futhi likhule ngokuzimisela.
Isithombo esincane sidinga ukuchelela njalokodwa ngokulinganisela. Umswakama owedlulele ungadala ukuthi isitshalo sibole.
Isihlahla siboshelwe esikhonkwaneni sokhuni, kungakuhle ukuthi wenze lokhu njengesibalo sabayisishiyagalombili. Lapho utshala entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwakheka komqhele, lapho kunqunywa khona ukuphela kwawo wonke amagatsha.
Ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha umuthi we-apula kusayithi, udinga ukuhlola isimo sezimpande zawo. Zonke izingxenye ezilimele ziyasuswa. Uma, ngemuva kokususwa, uhlelo lwempande lubukeka lungakhuli kahle, khona-ke umuthi ufakwa emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Kunconywa ukuthi umbe isithombo ukuze inhlabathi ihlale ezimpandeni zayo. Ukuwugcina ufike phezulu kakhulu ohlelweni lwempande, isihlahla siniselwa kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha.
Ukunakekelwa okujulile kwesihlahla se-apula seLobo kuqala entwasahlobo yokuqala, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiphi isikhathi sokutshala.
Ukuthola izihlahla zama-apula ezithela izithelo iminyaka emi-4-5 afakwa umanyolo we-nitrogen organic kanye namaminerali omanyolo, kanye ne-urea.
Ehlobo, umlotha ungezwa emhlabathini, kanye nomanyolo womquba kanye ne-potash kusetshenziswa njengomanyolo.
Kuyasiza ukugoqa umbuthano wesiqu somuthi nge-manyure humus, okumele ufafazwe ngaphezulu ngotshani noma utshani obomile.
Izihlahla zama-apula e-Lobo azimelani kahle nezifo zefungalNgakho-ke, ukuvimbela kwabo kuphoqelekile. Ngale njongo, kwenziwa lezi zinqubo ezilandelayo:
- susa izingxenye ezithintekile;
- ulethe umlotha emhlabathini;
- yakha umqhele;
- iphathwe ngama-colloidal sulfur namakhemikhali wethusi;
- kuvundiswa izixazululo ze-phosphorus ne-potassium;
- ukuvuna ngesikhathi.
Ukubuyekezwa kwengadi
Abalimi abaningi bakusho lokho Ama-apula weLobo abonakala ngokuthela okuphezulu nokujwayelekile... Futhi, izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela kahle isimo sezulu esomile.
Ungafunda ezinye izibuyekezo zangempela ngaleli siko:
“Sihlala enyakatho yesifunda saseMoscow. Izithelo zimnandi kakhulu, zinkulu futhi zinhle, zivuthwe ngokuphelele ngoSepthemba 1-10. Izihlahla ze-Apple zikhiqiza isivuno esikhulu, kepha amagatsha angaphuka ngaphansi kwesithelo. Ngeluleka bonke abasebenza engadini. "
“Izihlahla zama-apula zikhiqiza izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Kepha kuyinto efiselekayo ukususa izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zaseCanada ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, futhi ungazisebenzisa ngemuva kwesitoreji esifushane. Okubi kubalwa ukumelana nobuthakathaka obuthakathaka futhi ngithanda ukuba nobunzima obukhulu ebusika. "
“Ama-apula amnandi kakhulu ane-pulp eqinile, enza ujusi omnandi. Ngokunakekelwa okulula kungenzeka ukuqoqa isivuno esinothile sama-aphula amaningi nenkulu! "
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula weLobo ziyaziswa phakathi kwabalimi bezimfundamakhwela, nakwezolimo. Izithelo zikulungele ukusetshenziswa ziluhlaza futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa.
Isihlahla futhi sinezimfanelo zokuhlobisa, ngakho-ke ingahlobisa noma yikuphi ukwakheka kwezwe.