Amagilebhisi kaKesha ayisizukulwane sesihlanu se-hybrid, esakhuliswa ngabalimi abafuywayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zithandwa phakathi kwabo bobabili abalimi abanolwazi nezimfundamakhwela. IKesha inezinzuzo nezinkinga uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, kufaka phakathi ama-hybridi atholakala kuyo (Kesha-1 noKesha-2).
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi eKesha
Njengenjwayelo, ake siqale ngokuchaza kokuhlukahluka. IKesha ngumvini wetafula ovuthwa kusenesikhathi (izinsuku eziyi-130). Amahlumela avuthwa kusenesikhathi futhi ngobuningi (65-80% wesisindo esiphelele). Izimpande zisika kahle. Izihlahla ziqinile, zinamandla, zithela. Ikama likhulu, ukuma kwamaqoqo kuyinto eyindilinga-eyindilinga. Isisindo esimaphakathi samabhantshi singu-900 g.
Amajikijolo makhulu (11-15 g) futhi aminyene, amise okweqanda. Uma usuvuthwe ngokuphelele, umbala uyashintsha ukusuka kokumhlophe ukuya kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ushukela kulwanga (okuqukethwe ushukela wesithelo kungama-20-24%). Kunezimbewu ezimbalwa kumajikijolo, kusuka koyedwa kuya kuzicucu ezintathu. Izithelo aziqhume, zigcina ukwethulwa kwazo okuhle. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuthuthwa okuphezulu.
UKesha umelene nesikhunta, isifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseYurophu. I-Hardy (kufika ku -23˚С), kepha ayibekezeleli kahle ubusika.
Umlandeli wakhe uKesha-1 umelana kakhulu namakhaza nezifo kunoKesha. Kepha iKesha-1 inezimbali zesifazane. Futhi uKesha unezimbali ezizenzela impova, okuchaza isivuno saso esiphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunambitheka kukaKesha kuphakeme kunokwabalandeli bakhe (abayisishiyagalombili kwabayishumi ngokwesilinganiso sokunambitha).
Le nhlobonhlobo isetshenziselwa ukwenza iwayini elimhlophe. Bahlobisa itafula lomkhosi, kanti amajikijolo ayadliwa, kusuka ehlathini futhi kubanda.
Ukufika emhlabathini
Ngaphambi kokuthenga, izithombo ziyahlolwa. Izithombo ezinempilo, lezo:
- akukho monakalo ezimpandeni
- ngombala ofanayo
- nenyama eluhlaza okokunqunyiwe
Ngemuva kokuthenga, azinakushiywa ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwalokho zizoma.
Izithombo zitshalwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kuya ngesimo sezulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi umoya ufudumele kuze kufike ku-15˚С. Ngosuku olwandulela ukutshala, izithombo zifakwe kwisisombululo sokukhulisa ukukhula. Umhlabathi ukhethwa ukhiqize futhi uvuleke. Inhlabathi emnyama ifaneleka kangcono. Amagilebhisi abuna masinyane emthunzini. Indawo engadini lapho ikhula khona kufanele ibe libalele.
Indawo yokufika ilungiswa kusengaphambili. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimbobo zenziwa enhlabathini, ngaphansi kwayo kufakwa i-humus ebolile. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi lingu-1.5 m. Izithombo zingcwatshwa ukuze ikhola lempande libe ngu-5 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ziboshelwa ezisekelweni eziqondile futhi ziniselwe kakhulu ngamanzi.
Isiphunzi sasixhunyelelwa esihlahleni esidala
I-Kesha kulula ukuyixhuma esiqwini sesitshalo esidala. Ngaphambi kokuxhunyelelwa, emaphethelweni ama-cuttings ayanqunywa futhi afakwe kusixazululo sezakhi ngokugqoka okuphezulu (ngokwesibonelo, ngeHumate).
Isiqu silungiselelwe: kuhlanzwe kahle, bese kuhlukaniswa noma kusikwa ngommese. I-cuttings ifakwa ekuhlukaniseni futhi iboshwe ngendwangu. Ama-cuttings amaningana axhumene neziqu ezinkulu. Ngemuva kokuxhunyelelwa, izitshalo ziboshwa futhi ziniselwe kakhulu.
Imithetho yokunakekela
Amagilebhisi adinga ukuchelela okuningi:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo
- lapho iqhakaza
- ngemuva kokuqhakaza
Ehlobo elomile, izitshalo ziniselwa kaningi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcwalisi amagilebhisi, ngoba lokhu kugcwele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal kanye nokufa kokutshala. Ukugwema ukuchichima, abalimi benza uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi eduze kwesivini ukukhipha amanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ziyahlanganiswa. Umquba obolile noma i-peat ilungele umquba. Isendlalelo semvunge yamagilebhisi - 3 cm. Lokhu kwanele ukuvikela inhlabathi ekubandeni futhi kugcine umswakama odingekayo kuwo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zivundiswa kaningana ngesizini ngayinye (okokuqala entwasahlobo) ngamanyolo omanyolo noma umanyolo nge-phosphorus ne-potassium. Umanyolo one-nitrogen yamagilebhisi awufiseleki. Ukweqisa kwabo kuzonciphisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo, kepha kuzokhulisa inani lobukhulu obuluhlaza.
Ekwindla, amahlumela omvini ayathenwa. Isihlahla akufanele sikhule, senziwa sihlanganiswe. Iziqu ezengeziwe, ezilimele nezomisiwe ziyacekelwa phansi, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho ziyahlolwa ukuba khona kwezifo nezinambuzane.
Ukuvikela umvini ekuqedeni, kusala i-ovary eyodwa ehlumela elilodwa, elikhulu kunawo wonke. Lokhu kuzosindisa isihlahla emthwalweni, ngoba uKesha uthela izithelo kakhulu futhi kuzosiza i-ovary ukuthi ivuthwe futhi igcwaliswe ngejusi. Uma umqhele uvuleke kakhulu, bese uwuphonsa ukuze usize amajikijolo avuthwe.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukunakekela uKesha kwehlela ku:
- ukuchelela
- ukuthena
- ukuvikela izifo
- ukuxegisa nokugoqa inhlabathi
Isivuno sokuqala esivela eKesha sivunwa eminyakeni emihlanu. Uma utshala izithombo esiqwini esidala, isikhathi sokulinda sizoncishiswa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukuthela izithelo njalo ngonyaka.
Ebusika, umhlabathi ongaphansi kwamagilebhisi umbozwe ngotshani, futhi amahlumela agobeke phansi futhi ambozwe ucwecwe.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Kubalulekile ukuhlola izitshalo ekwindla. Lapho kubanda, izifo zinciphisa ukukhula, kanti izinambuzane zifuna indawo yokuhlala ubusika. Futhi entwasahlobo, esikhundleni sezimbali eziqhakazayo, kunengozi yokutheleleka.
Isikhunta se-Powdery
Lesi yisikhunta esihlasela ubukhulu bezitshalo eziluhlaza. Isakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Uphawu lwayo ukuqhuma kwesigaxa esiphuzi emaqabungeni. Isikhunta silwa nesisombululo se-ferrous sulfate (300 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi). Ngaphezu kwakhe, ama-fungicides azosiza ekulweni ne-fungus: uMikal noStrobi.
Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa ngosuku olungenamoya, kwimishini yokuvikela indlela yokuphefumula namehlo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidakamizwa azihlangani nesikhumba.
Ukubola okumpunga
Isikhunta esisakazeka ngokushesha ezimweni ezinomswakama. Kuthuthukisa ezindaweni ezimnyama nezingenawo umoya. Ithinta zonke izingxenye zezitshalo. Isici saso esihlukanisayo amachashazi ansundu anengubo empunga. Izindawo ezithintekile nezingxenye eziwile zezitshalo ziyasuswa engadini bese zibhujiswa. Izinhlamvu ezisebenzayo zefungus zihlala kuzo.
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta esimpunga, izitshalo zifuthwa ngesisombululo seFolpan, isibulali fungicide. Futhi ngezitshalo ezinegciwane, amalungiselelo weTopsin M neRorval Flo afanelekile.
Izibungu
Kulula ukuzibona ngokubheka ngaphakathi kweshidi.
- Amabala ansundu embozwe phansi kuwuphawu lwe-mite ezwakala.
- Izindawo ezikhanyayo ezinengubo ephuzi ishiya ngemuva kwesicabucabu samagilebhisi.
- Amabala aphuzi izimbobo zamaqabunga zikhomba ubukhona besikhonyane seqabunga.
Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka ngobuningi ngezibungu, abalimi basebenzisa ama-insecticide: i-Aktara neVermitic. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho usebenza nabo, ngoba zinobuthi kubantu. I-ejenti yokulawula izinambuzane engalawuleki kangako yiKarbofos, kanye nama-decoctions kanye nokugcwala komhlonyane, ugwayi namazambane aphezulu.
Ukuze isihlahla somvini sikhule kahle, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho elula yobuchwepheshe bezolimo:
- Tshala izithombo endaweni evulekile nenelanga ngaphandle komthunzi.
- Izitshalo ezincipha, zisuse uhlaza olungadingekile.
- Isivuno esikhulu sidinga amanzi, kepha amanzi amaningi kakhulu angabhubhisa amagilebhisi.
- Qaphela ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane. Uma sesingaphakathi kwesithelo, izinto eziyingozi zizoshintsha ukunambitheka kwazo futhi zinciphise usizo lwazo.
- Faka okokugqoka okuphezulu njengoba kudingeka, ukweqisa kwabo kuvusa ukukhula kwesisindo esiluhlaza, hhayi amaqanda.
Amagilebhisi eKesha awadingi ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ekumnakekeleni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula isilinganiso, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho okulindelwe kuzokhokha ngamajikijolo amnandi futhi anempilo azokujabulisa wena nabathandekayo bakho.