Ubhekilanga yisitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo sokulungiselela uwoyela ngezinga lezimboni. I-Silage ilungisiwe kusuka kulesi siko; isetshenziswa njengokudla kwezinkomo. Ukunganakwa odabeni lokuvikela izitshalo kokhula kunciphisa kakhulu isivuno sesivuno, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukubulala ukhula
Ingqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zikabhekilanga
Isici sokutshalwa kwe-sunflower ukuthi esigabeni sokuqala bona athuthuke kancane ukwedlula amahlumela otshani... Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi lapho kukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezihlwanyelayo ezinemihlwanyelo ephezulu, ekhula kancane.
Izinga lesilinganiso sokhula lomhlaba olimekayo cishe liyi-3-4 billion imbewu yokhula ehektheleni ngalinye.
Ukhula luphikisana nezitshalo zezitshalo ngokuthatha umswakama nezakhamzimba kuzo. Izinga lokukhula kokhula lidlula kakhulu izinga lokukhula kukabhekilanga emazingeni okushisa aphansi ahlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuvaleka kwamasimu kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuvusa ukuvela kwezifo nefungal.
Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuthi ukufika izinyanga zokuqala eziyi-1.5ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula okukhulu kwezithombo, zazingenalo ukhula... Lapho iqabunga lesi-5 lakheka ku-sunflower futhi imigqa iqala ukuvalwa, ukhula oluningi luzobe luphephile.
Ukubhujiswa kokhula kwasungulwa amakhemikhali akhethekile - imithi yokubulala ukhula.
Izinhlobo zokubulala ukhula
Ekutshalweni kwanamuhla kukabhekilanga, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo abhalisiwe kuphela, agunyaziwe, ahloselwe ukuqeda ukhula olune-dicotyledonous kanye ne-cereal. Ziyethulwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela noma ngemuva kokuhluma.
Amakhemikhali ahlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo.
Ukuvela kwangaphambili
Isidakamizwa sisetshenzisiwe esikhathini esiphakathi kokuhlwanyela nembewu ukuhluma... Ukuhluma kwembewu ye-sunflower kwenzeka emavikini ayi-1.5-2 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ekuqaleni kokukhula, izinga lokukhanyisa, umswakama, ukondleka kwenhlabathi kubalulekile, ngalesi sikhathi kubekiwe izinga lesivuno sesitshalo. Ukulawula ukhula kusenesikhathi kuzoba nomthelela omuhle emphumeleni.
Umthetho oyisisekelo we-agrotechnical wokutshalwa kwe-sunflower ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezindlela zenhlabathi.
I-herbicide yangaphambi kokuvela isetshenziselwa ungqimba lomhlabathi okuhlukumezayo noma kukhiqizwe ukufafaza ngesisombululo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela noma ngaphambili. Isidakamizwa sivimbela ukukhula kokhula, sibhubhisa imetabolism yeseli.
Ungaqamba amathuluzi aqinisekisiwe, asetshenziswa kabanzi:
- Harnes... Izindlela zokuxhumana. Kubhubhisa ukhula lwaminyaka yonke. Kusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhluma. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalitha ama-3 ehektheleni ngalinye;
- Iphayona 900... Ingxenye yokusebenza yi-acetochlor. Ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela avele, inhlabathi iphathwa ngesixazululo. Ibola ngokushesha, inesikhathi sokunikeza imiphumela emihle yokucekelwa phansi kwesikhwama sikamalusi, isibungu senkanyezi, amabele ezinkukhu, i-field coryza, i-chamomile;
- Igolide Elibili, iGezagard 50, iPrometrin... Kusho ukuthi i-Nitran ne-Treflan zibhubhisa ukhula lwe-cereal kanye ne-dicotyledonous, kepha aluthinti insimu yesinaphi, ikhebula imoto, i-ragweed. Lawa malungiselelo asebenza kahle ngokuhlangana neGezagard 50. Imithi yokubulala ukhula ifakwa emhlabathini ngabalimi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungalungi kwalolu hlobo lwe-herbicide ukuthembela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-ejenti ezingeni lomswakama womhlabathi. Enhlabathini eyomile, umphumela wabo mubi kakhulu.
Ukuzijabulisa
Ukubulala ukhula kwePostemergence nakho kubizwa ngokuthi ukuphepha... Umphumela wazo obhubhisayo ukuvimba ukuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acid kukhula.
Izidakamizwa bhubhisa okusanhlamvu, ukhula olune-dicotyledonous: inhlanzi eyisicaba, inyaluthi yamabele, amabele, amabele, i-galinsoga enezimbali ezincane, isithombo sasendle, idope, i-purslane, i-broomrape.
Ngokuya ngefomu lokukhishwa, umenzeli angaba yi-emulsion egxilile noma ngesimo semibhinjana encibilikiswa ngamanzi.
I-herbicide ifuthwa phezu kwezitshalo zikabhekilanga ngesikhathi lapho amahlumela okhula esefinyelele khona phezulu 10 - 12 cm, unamaqabunga ama-3-4. Ithuluzi lisebenza ngokukhetha, lisusa ukhula, livimbela ukukhula kwalo kabusha.
Izindlela ezifakazelwe ziyabhekwa I-Beckard 125 KE, i-Fuzilad Super, i-Poast, i-Furore Super.
Izingxenye zezidakamizwa
Ububanzi bemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa imboni yamakhemikhali yokucubungula ubhekilanga ngenkathi yokukhula banzi kakhulu.
Zihlanganiswe izithako ezisebenzayo ezifakiwe ekwakhiweni ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene:
- IHizalofop-P-ethyl... Isebenza ngokukhetha kukhula. Inika ukusebenza okugcwele ezinsukwini eziyi-7-12. Ihlanganisa namalungiselelo okubhujiswa kokhula olune-monocotyledonous kanye ne-dicotyledonous. Yena ngokwakhe ulwa ngokuphumelelayo namakhambi angama-monocotyledonous.
- I-Tribenuron-methyl... Ukwenza ngokukhetha, ikakhulukazi ukubhekana ngempumelelo notshani obubanzi, imbewu yepoppy, radishes kanye nokhula oluningi oluhlukahlukene. Ugeze kalula emvuleni, ngokunisela. Akuphikisani nesikhunta, izinambuzane. Ithola uhlelo lokusebenza njengesidakamizwa se-postemergence.
- I-Metolachlor... Yenza ngokukhetha, ubuthi obuphansi. Isidakamizwa sangaphambi kokuqhamuka kanye nokuvela ngemuva kokulwa nokhula lwe-monocotyledonous, chamomile, purslane, galensoga.
- I-Quizalofop-P-tefuril... Isidakamizwa sikhetha ukulawula ukhula lonyaka, olungapheli, olufana nengqolowa, amabele.
- Imazethapyr... Yethula emithini yokubulala ukhula ehlelekile. Umthelela okhethiwe. Ubhekana ne-broomrape kahle futhi ngokushesha.
- I-Terbutylazine... Ubuthi obuncane bezinambuzane ezithutha impova. Isebenza njenge-herbicide yokuxhumana nomhlabathi. Ukulwa ne-ambrosia.
Imithetho yegolide yokulima
Kuyacaca ukuthi umbandela obalulekile wokuthola isivuno esikhulu sikabhekilanga yi ukulawula ukhula okuphelele.
Ngomsebenzi ofanelekile wokubulala ukhula, ochwepheshe batusa ukunamathela kule mithetho elandelayo:
- Ukutadisha izici zezindawo ezihlwanyelwe, izinhlobo zokhula. Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kuvame ukusetshenziswa emasimini anokhula lwaminyaka yonke.
- Chaza uhlobo lomhlabathi... Ukuhlunga nobude besenzo somuthi kuncike ku:
- ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ubumba, udaka kudinga okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezithako ezisebenzayo;
- i-pH yenhlabathi, ingezansi, iyanda izinga lokubola kwezinto;
- izinga lomswakama nezinto eziphilayo, inhlabathi evundile idinga izinto ezisebenzayo eziningi;
- izimpawu zomuthi uqobo, izinga lokuncibilika, isikhathi sokubola.
- Ngokufanele lungiselela indawo yokuhlwanyela... Kufanele iqukathe inani elincane lezinsalela zezitshalo zokusebenza ngempumelelo ngomuthi wokubulala ukhula wenhlabathi.
- Bheka isimo sezulu... Okuhlangenwe nakho kwesikhathi eside kochwepheshe kukhombisile ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-herbicide yenhlabathi ukubopha umuthi emswakeni noma emvuleni esikhathini esingengaphezu kwamahora angama-20 kusukela ngesikhathi sokufakwa.Umswakama wesendlalelo sokulima unquma ukusebenza kwe-herbicide futhi kuthinta ukulondolozwa kwesivuno kuze kufike ku-30% wokuhleliwe.
- Landela ikhwalithi yokucubungula, ukunemba kokulandela imiyalo. Izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele lisuke ku + 10 liye kuma-25 degrees, isivinini somoya kufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-4 m ngomzuzwana. Okokusebenza kufanele kusebenze kahle, isifutho kufanele silungiswe.
Umphumela omkhulu wokusetshenziswa kwe-herbicides ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kukabhekilanga.
Izindlela ezilula zokutshalwa kwenhlabathi ngomshini (ukukhathaza, ukuxegisa phakathi kwemigqa) azikwazi ukunikeza ukuvikeleka kwemali ezitshalweni kokhula. Enye indlela yokulungiselela ukubulala ukhula ibingakasungulwa; zisiza ukugcina nokuthola isivuno esiphakeme kakhulu sikabhekilanga.