Iklabishi leSavoy lazalwa ngabafuyi base-Italy ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 futhi lasakazeka eYurophu ngekhulu lama-21. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ukukhula ngeke kube nzima.
Izici zeklabishi le-Savoy
Lesi sitshalo semifino siyinhloko yeklabishi enethenda elikhanyayo eluhlaza, amaqabunga athambile. Inhloko yeklabishi ayiminyene, ayinayo imithambo eqatha. Ukunambitheka okubucayi nokubabayo ifanele amasaladi nama-cutlets. Ayisetshenziswanga ukuvutshelwa nosawoti.
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula esiqwini esikhulu, i-rosette encane enesisindo kusuka ku-0.5 kg kuye ku-1.2 kg... Ngonyaka olandelayo, inhloko yeklabishi ikhula ifike ku-3 kg, amaqabunga abe athambile. Ukunambitheka kuyagqama kakhulu.
Isiqu siphonsa ama-inflorescence ngembewu, okusetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izithombo. Uma igcinwe kahle, ingasetshenziswa njengembewu, kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu.
Izinzuzo
Iklabishi le-Savoy linezindawo zokudla eziyigugu.
Iqukethe:
- amaprotheni angcolile - 1.7-4%;
- uvithamini C - 2-90 mg;
- uvithamini P - 3-4 mg;
- uvithamini A - 0.3-0.7 mg;
- ushukela - 4-7%;
- usawoti wamaminerali - 0,85%.
Iklabishi leSavoy ukumelana nesithwathwa, inokumelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane. Kubekezelela kalula ukuntuleka komswakama.
Yokuntula
Phakathi kokubi kweklabishi le-savoy kukhona okulandelayo:
- le mifino ayikwazi ukudliwa ngesilonda, i-gastritis, isifo se-duodenal, isifo se-thyroid;
- kubangela ukwanda kwegesi ukwakheka.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobo zakuqala
- IJubili 2170;
- IVienna - ekuqaleni kuka-1346;
- UJulius F1.
Maphakathi nesizini
- UMelissa F1;
- Umkhakha;
Ngemuva kwesikhathi
- UVerosa F1, u-Ovasa F1;
- IMorama F1.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ukukhula
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele ilungiswe kahle.
Imizuzu engama-20 bagcwalise ngamanzi ashisayo (hhayi ngaphansi kuka- + 60 degrees), bese zifakwa emanzini abandayo kakhulu imizuzu emithathu, bese imbewu ifakwa amahora ayi-14 kusixazululo sezinto ezilandelwayo.
Ngemuva kokuntywila, imbewu ibekwa esiqandisini amahora angama-22 kuye kwangama-24. Lokhu kuzokhulisa ukumelana nesithwathwa nokuhluma kwembewu kuzogcinwa iminyaka emi-5.
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukutshala imbewu ekuqaleni kukaMashi... Ukutshala imbewu, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inhlabathi ekhethekile. Emabhokisini enkuni ngokulingana okulinganayo, hlanganisa inhlabathi ye-turf nesihlabathi ne-peat. Chitha inhlabathi elungisiwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka sama-manganese.
Akunconywa ukusebenzisa inhlabathi yensimu ukutshala iklabishi. Ingaqukatha izifo ezingalimaza izitshalo.
Hlwanyela imbewu ukude 1 cm... Isikhala somugqa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-3 cm, ukujula kwe-groove 1 cm... Izimbobo zimbozwe umhlaba. Amabhokisi ambozwe ngocwecwe noma ingilazi ngaphezulu.
Kuyadingeka ukugcina ukushisa kwamakamelo okungenani ama-degree ayi-18. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, inhlabathi kufanele iphuziswe kahle. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, vula amabhokisi futhi wehlise izinga lokushisa egumbini libe ama-15 degrees emini nama-8 degrees ebusuku.
Ngosuku lwe-7, ukunciphisa kufanele kwenziwe ukuze ibanga eliphakathi kwamahlumela libe ngu-2 cm. Ukuze izithombo zikhule ziqine, zidinga ukukhanya okuningi. Izithombo kufanele zivezwe ekukhanyeni okungenani amahora ayi-14. Ukuze wenze lokhu ungasebenzisa isibani se-ultraviolet.
Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke ngamanzi amancane ukuze inhlabathi ihlale imanzi.
Amanzi kufanele afudumele kancane. Ngemuva kokuchelela, udinga ukukhulula umhlabathi ukuze kungabikho manzi amanzi. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, izithombo kufanele zicwiliswe. Izimpande zifinyezwa nge-1/3 bese zitshalelwa ezinkomishini ze-peat.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezithombo
Ekuqaleni, ukondla kufanele kwenziwe, lapho kuvela amahlamvu amabili ezimbewini... Isixazululo silungiswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- amanzi - 1 litre;
- Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi - isipuni esingu-0.5.
Futha amaqabunga ngalesi sixazululo. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, phinda ukondla.
Ukondla udinga:
- amanzi - 1 litre;
- i-superphosphate - 4 amagremu;
- i-saltpeter - 3-4 amagremu;
- umanyolo womanyolo - 4-5 amagremu.
Umhlabathi kufanele uniselwe ngaphambi kokufaka umquba ukuvimbela ukusha.
Ukuqinisa
Izinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphambi kokwehla izithombo enhlabathini kumele lukhuni. Ukuqina kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ngosuku lokuqala nolwesibili, vula iwindi amahora angu-4-6;
- Izinsuku eziyi-8, faka izithombo ku-loggia noma ku-veranda ocwebezelisiwe, ukufiphaza kusuka elangeni ngezikhathi zasemini. Ebusuku, izithombo kufanele zilethwe egumbini;
- Izinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, izithombo zingashiywa ku-loggia amahora angama-24.
Izinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokwehla kuyadingeka yeka ukunisela... Amahora amabili ngaphambi kokutshala embhedeni wensimu, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Umhlabathi wokukhula kweklabishi okulungiselelwe ekwindla... Kuyadingeka ukuqala ukumba okujulile bese ulinda kuze kukhule ukhula. Njengoba usuqede ukhula, ulifaka futhi ulimba indawo okwesibili.
Ngentwasahlobo, i-mullein noma umquba obolekiwe ufakwa enhlabathini ngesilinganiso sama-3-4 kilograms ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele. imitha, 35-40 amagremu kamanyolo wamaminerali, ama-150-200 amagremu omlotha wokhuni nokumba imibhede ukujula okungama-20 cm.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngu:
- Lapho amaqabunga ama-5-6 evela kwizithombo.
- Ukufakelwa kabusha kwenziwa kusihlwa;
- Ukuphakama kwezithombo kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-20 cm;
- Uhlelo lwezimpande luthuthukiswe kahle;
- Umbala wezithombo uluhlaza ngokugqamile.
Izithombo zitshalwa ngezikhathi ezithile zilandelana 35-40 cm... Isikhala somugqa 45-50 cm... I-groove ichitheka kahle ngamanzi. Ngokujula, i-groove kufanele ifane nosayizi webhodwe lapho izithombo zazikhule khona ngaphambilini. Fafaza izithombo ngomhlaba kuhlamvu lokuqala.
Ifanele ukukhula iklabishi indawo ekhanyiswe kahlelapho ngaphambili kwakhulelwa ikhukhamba, u-anyanisi, utamatisi, amazambane.
Inhlabathi yobumba ayifanele.
Izinsuku eziyi-7 ngemuva kokufakelwa, kufanele wenze ukukhululeka ekujuleni kwe-7 cm... Ukuxegiswa okulandelayo kwenziwa njalo ngesonto kuya ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Ukuphakama kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha.
Ukuphindisela kabusha kwenziwa lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvala ndawonye. Ngenkathi yokukhula, iklabishi kufanele londliwe ngesisombululo sobulongwe bezinkomo noma omanyolo. Ukuvikela iklabishi ezinambuzaneni, kunconywa ukuthi ulifafaze ngomlotha.
Izinambuzane
Izinambuzane ze-Savoy iklabishi zifaka:
- flea ebethelelayo;
- impukane yeklabishi yasentwasahlobo;
- ama-scoops nabamhlophe;
- izimbungulu zombhede;
- i-aphid;
- umsundu;
- ama-slugs.
Izifo nokuvimbela
Izifo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- blackleg;
- KaMose;
- isikhutha esiyimpuphu;
- ilineni;
- phomosis;
- indawo emnyama.
Ngesifo KaMose nendawo emnyama kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe isampuli egulayo engadini bese uchithe inhlabathi ngesisombululo esikhulu se-potassium permanganate. Ngesifo ukhunta iklabishi kufanele iphathwe nge-copper sulfate noma ingxube yeBordeaux.
Ukuhlanza nokugcina
Izinhlobo zakuqala zivunwa ngoJulayi.
Basebenzisa izinhlobo zakuqala zokwenza amasaladi, benze ama-cutlets, imiqulu yeklabishi. Izinhlobo zakuqala azigcinwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezisekupheleni kwesikhathi zivunwa ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Izinhloko zeklabishi ezinesisindo esivela kuma-gramu angama-500 zisele ukuze zigcinwe. Umlenze ufinyeziwe, amaqabunga amathathu aphezulu asele ekhanda leklabishi. Sika amakhanda eklabishi ambozwe ngoshoki ochotshoziwe futhi abekwe egumbini elomile kuma-racks izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, amakhanda eklabishi alengiswa ngamunye ngokwahlukana enetheni ngaphansi kophahla noma afakwe emabhokisini ukuze amakhanda eklabishi angahlangani. Ithempelesha yegumbi kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-0 no +3 degrees. Umswakama kufika kuma-95%. Ukunweba impilo yeshalofu, kudingeka i-tempera kusuka ku -1 kuye ku -3 degrees.
Ukugcina imithetho elula yokutshala nokunakekela, akunzima kangako ukuthola isivuno esikhulu.