Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula aseBorovinka zingenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu. Abalimi abaningi bakhethe ukuthi batshale ezindaweni. sibonga izimfanelo ezinhle:
- Ukuzithoba.
- Izithelo zokuqala.
- Isivuno esikhulu.
- Imelana nesithwathwa nezifo.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zeBorovinka
Kusuka emlandweni
UBorovinka wachazwa okokuqala ngu-A.T.Bototov ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 futhi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-150 eyedlule usosayensi uM. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaseNyakatho Melika bathanda izinhlobonhlobo futhi baqala ukuzikhulisa ezingadini zabo, lapho zabizwa nge-Oldenburgsky.
IBorovinka yabuye yatshalwa ngabantu baseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Umuthi wama-apula usabalele zonke izifunda zaseRussia. Yaqanjwa ngokuhlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene. Bambiza:
- Kharlamovka.
- Ukugcwalisa Kharlamov.
- Borovitsky.
- UBravina.
Ngobukhona bonke bezinhlobonhlobo, imvelaphi ayikasungulwa. Manje kwamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavela ngenxa yokukhethwa kwabantu... Ngesisekelo seBorovinka, abalimi bafuye izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili.
Izici zezihlahla nezithelo
Izinhlobonhlobo zeBorovinka zitshalwa ngabalimi ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia. Isihlahla se-apula side futhi sikhula size sifike ku-4,5 m.Umqhele ominyene nobubanzi obungu-5.5 m, oval. Amagatsha abushelelezi, aluhlaza ansundu... Amaqabunga abanzi, ayindilinga acwebezelayo, anombala oluhlaza okotshani amnyama atholakala engxenyeni yama-degree angama-90 ukudubula.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinama-petioles amancane, amade we-raspberry hue emnyama. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlala ziqhakaza ekuqaleni futhi zichichima. Ama-inflorescence amhlophe ane-pink tinge encane yobukhulu obumaphakathi.
Ama-apula akhula kusuka ku-90 kuya ku-200 amagremu... Umumo olungile, oyindilinga. Umbala we-apula unombala oluhlaza okotshani, okhanyayo, kepha imvamisa uphuzi ngokukhanyayo ezinhlangothini ezinemigqa ebomvu. Ikhasi kuma-apula libushelelezi, linokumenyezelwa okuncane kwe-waxy. I-pulp enamanzi, eqinile. Ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Zidliwa zihlanzekile, kanye nejamu, i-compote, yomisiwe. Kwenziwa ujusi. Ama-apula afakwe emanzini ayalungiswa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeBorovinka zehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngamazinyo emaqabungeni.
Ubuhle nobubi
Abalimi abaningi bakhethe lokhu kuhlukahluka, kepha yini okulungele?
- Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala.
- Ingakhula kunoma yiziphi izimo.
- Akudingi okuningi ehamba.
- Kuningi isivuno.
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa.
- Izithelo zihle uma zintsha futhi ifomu elibukeziwe.
- Phezulu ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo.
Okubi:
- Izithelo nge ukunambitheka okuncane.
- Ikhula kahle lapho kushisa nesomiso.
- Kuvuthiwe ama-apula ayawa esihlahleni.
- Amagatsha aqinile.
Kusukela kuzimpawu ezinhle, kuyacaca ukuthi IBorovinka ingatshalwa kunoma iyiphi ingadi ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu... Ukunisela kubalulekile esitshalweni ngesikhathi sesomiso.
Izinhlobo zama-apula walokhu okuhlukahlukene
Ngokwesisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zeBorovinka, izinhlobo eziningi ziye zafuywa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Uphayinaphu waseBorovinka... Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa emva kwesikhathi. Ama-apula anamanzi amaningi. Ukunambitheka okumnandi okumnandi nokumuncu. Ama-apula asuka kumagremu angama-80 kuye kwayi-120. Ingagcinwa kuze kube ngoMashi. Hhayi ukuthambekela utwayi.
- iwolintshi... Ukuvuthwa ngemuva kwesikhathi. Ama-apula akhula aze afike ku-150 amagremu. Kugcinwe kuze kube nguJuni. Friza ukumelana. Hhayi ukugula ngotwayi.
- Okuphinki kakhulu... Ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ama-apula anesisindo esifinyelela ku-150 amagremu nge-blush ekhanyayo. Impilo eshalofini emfushane - izinsuku eziyi-10. Unenkinga yokubola kwezithelo notwayi.
- Borovinka Sergeeva... Izinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo. Ivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Izithelo ezifika ku-150 amagremu. Kugcinwe kuze kube yizinsuku eziyishumi. Isihlahla se-apula siqinile futhi sithela kakhulu.
- Ubomvu weBorovinka... Ukuvuthwa okulingene. Ama-apula amnandi. Umbala obomvu ocebile nokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Isisindo amagremu ayi-100. Lesi sihlahla simelana nesithwathwa. Akungeneki ezifweni.
- Borovinka Akulovskaya... Ama-apula anesisindo esingu-90 amagremu. Banombala oluhlaza okhanyayo onamahloni amancane. Kugcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ebusika obunzima bangaqhwa, kepha masinyane ubuyisele umqhele. Kufanele ilashelwe i-powdery isikhutha.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ziqala ukuthela izithelo kusukela eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala. Izitebele ezizinzile neziphezulu. Kungavunwa ngaphezu kwama-100 kg wama-aphula esihlahleni esineminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Kwezinye izifunda, izithelo zivuthwa ngoSepthemba.
Njengoba okuhlukahlukene kuyazimela, ngakho-ke ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-pollinator kuyadingeka. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zilungele iBorovinka:
- Ukugoqwa.
- I-Astrakhan ebomvu.
- Anise.
- Antonovka.
- Isinamoni imthende.
- I-Astrakhan emhlophe.
Ukutshala nokushiya
Kungenzeka ukhule iBorovinka ngembewu, kepha akekho ongabikezela ukunambitheka nosayizi wesithelo. Kepha Abathandi bezilingo bangakhula izithombo zeBorovinka kusuka embewini... Izithombo ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa kamuva njengesiphunzi. Izithombo ezinjalo zixhunyelelwe ngezitshalo ezahlukahlukene lapho kutholakala khona isivuno esihle kakhulu.
Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezinkulisa ezikhethekile lapho kutshalwa khona izithombo. Izitshalo ze-Biennial zithela izithelo ngokushesha okukhulu kunezithombo zeminye iminyaka.
Lapho uthenga, naka isimo sesitshalo. Uma uhlelo lwempande luvulekile, kufanele lube ne-lobe enhle. Izimpande akufanele zomile noma zibole... Ingxenye yasemoyeni nayo kufanele ibe nokubukeka okunempilo. Lezo zitshalo ezithengwa ngezimpande ezivaliwe zingatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha izihlahla zama-apula ezinezimpande ezivulekile kufanele zitshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini noma zifakwe emanzini ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukuze izihlahla zama-apula zikhule kahle, zidinga inhlabathi ye-loamy noma i-chernozem.... Kungcono uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba engaphezulu kuka-1.5 m ukujula. Umhlaba kufanele ukhanye futhi uvumele umswakama nomoya kudlule.
Ukutshala, sebenzisa ithuluzi elilandelayo:
- Ifosholo.
- Njengezinga, thatha i-twine nezigxobo njengoba kunjalo.
- Amatshe amancane noma amatshe njengamanzi.
- Udinga izikhonkwane ze-garter.
Umanyolo nawo uyadingeka ekutshaleni.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zitshalwa kahle kakhulu ekwindla... Izimila ezitshalwe ngalesi sikhathi ziba nezimpande kangcono. Lungisa umgodi ngenyanga ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukutshala kungenzeka nasentwasahlobo, kepha lapho izimbobo zokutshala kufanele zilungiswe ekwindla.
Endaweni ekhethiwe, bamba umgodi ukujula ngamasentimitha angama-60 nobubanzi obuyi-1 m. Thela amanzi ayi-10-15 cm ngezansi. Hlanganisa umanyolo nomhlabathi. Ngomgodi owodwa kufanele wenze:
- Umquba 5-7 kg.
- Peat 8-10 kg.
- I-Superphosphate 80-100 amagremu.
- Potassium sulfate 30-40 amagremu.
- Izinkuni umlotha 1 kg.
Shayela isikhonkwane maphakathi nomgodi bese unamathisela isithombo kuwo.
Lapho utshala, ukhololo wezimpande kufanele ube ngaphezu kuka-30 cm kunenhlabathi.
Kulula kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo ndawonye. Omunye uphethe isihlahla sama-apula, omunye uzumeka ngomhlabathi. Inhlabathi kufanele igcwalise ngokuphelele zonke izikhala, ngakho-ke nyakazisa isihlahla ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngemuva kokuthi umgodi ugcwale umhlaba, kufanele unyathelwe phansi... Ngemuva kwalokho, engeza olunye ungqimba lomhlabathi. Manje bopha isihlahla esikhonkwaneni. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ukuze isitshalo esingavuthiwe singaphuli nomoya.
Ngemuva kokutshala, isihlahla se-apula kufanele siniselwe kakhulu. Kungcono ukuchelela ngezinyathelo eziningana ukuze inhlabathi igcwaliswe kahle ngomswakama... Okokuqala, thela ngokucophelela ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi bese wengeza amanye amabili ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukugcinwa kwesihlahla se-Apple kudinga okuncane. Ekushiseni, ngokungabikho komswakama, bavame ukulahla ama-apula. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esishisayo nesomile, ukuchelela okuningi kuyadingeka. Nisela izikhathi 4-5 ngesonto.
Ngemuva kokuchelela noma imvula ngeziqu zemithi, kubalulekile ukukhulula umhlabathi... Lokhu kuzokhulisa ukufinyelela komoya ezimpandeni zesihlahla sama-apula. Ngemuva kokukhulula, engeza ungqimba lwe-peat noma i-humus mulch. Lokhu kuzovimbela umsebenzi ongadingekile wokususa ukhula futhi wome umhlaba.
Ngokuqala kwekwindla, phatha izihlahla ngophimbo lwengadi bese uzigeza iziqu zazo. Bamba imibuthano yesiqu, bese ufaka u-20-30 kg we-humus noma umquba wokumba. Ukuze kuvikelwe isihlahla emakhazeni, isiqu sigoqwe ngephepha lokufulela, amagatsha noma okokumboza.
Ukuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zeBorovinka, cishe azingeni ezifweni nasekuhlaselweni izinambuzane, kepha ukuvimbela kusadingeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphambi kokuba efihlekile zikhukhumale ezihlahleni zama-apula, kufanele ziphathwe nge-sulfate yethusi. Amagremu angama-200 we-vitriol ahlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Izihlahla ze-Apple ziphathwa ngalesi sixazululo. Kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga eqhakaza, phatha izihlahla ngenhlanganisela yeBordeaux. Kufanele kube ngu-3-4%.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kunconywa ukuthi uthene umqhele bese uhlanza isiqu somuthi kumagxolo omisiwe.... Ngasikhathi sinye, susa wonke amagatsha afriziwe futhi aphukile. Le nqubo kufanele iphindwe ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
Ukuvimbela, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne- "Topaz", ehlanjululwa nge-2 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi noma i- "Skor". Ama-fungicides alungele i-apple scab.
Lapho isihlahla se-apula sesiphelile, sifafaze ngeKarbofos... Thatha ama-gramu ayi-80 womkhiqizo ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Hlanganisa kahle bese uphatha izihlahla ezinambuzaneni.
Ama-apula eBorovinka agcinwa kuze kube nguJanuwari-Februwari. Ukugcina izithelo kuze kube sentwasahlobo, phinda ama-apula esitsheni ngemigqa... Zibeke ngesiqu phezulu bese ufafaza ngesaha. Ithempelesha yokugcina kufanele ibe phakathi kuka - + 1 degrees. Umswakama kufanele ugcinwe ku-90-95%. Fafaza imigqa ngama-apula nge-sawdust noma bopha i-apula ngalinye ephepheni.
Abalimi bezilimo bathande izinhlobonhlobo zeBorovinka ngomkhiqizo wazo nokungathobeki. Uyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlukahluka kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezingadini emhlabeni jikelele. Uma ucabangela izici zezinhlobonhlobo bese ulandela imithetho yokunakekelwa, khona-ke I-Borovinka izoletha isivuno esikhulu minyaka yonke.
Ukubuyekeza
UValery: Ngitshale ubusika Borovinka esizeni sami. Anginaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
U-Alexander: Ihlobo iBorovinka lithela izithelo eziningi, kepha kuyadingeka ukubeka izinsiza, ngaphandle kwalokho amagatsha avele aphule ngaphansi kwesisindo.
U-Olga: Hhayi ama-apula amnandi kakhulu, kepha ukuhlukahluka okuthelayo. Ekwindla ungapheka ujamu nezithelo ezi-stewed.