Izici eziningiliziwe kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane Udacha

Amazambane enhlanhla asheshe avuthwa. Isethulo esihle kakhulu. Kuyaziwa phakathi kwabahlali basehlobo, kanye nokufunwa phakathi kwabathengi.

Izici kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane Udacha

Amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Udacha avela ngo-1994 e-A.G.Lorkh State Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Abafuyi badalile abathobekile, abazithobayoukuhlukahluka okujwayelwe izimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nomhlabathi.

Ngokwencazelo, izilimo eziyizigaxa zohlobo lwe-Udacha ziyindilinga noma zimise okweqanda, ngenombolo encane yamehlo. Isikhumba sincane futhi sibushelelezi. Umbala wesikhumba: uphuzi noma onsundu.

Yisihlahla esiphakathi nendawo esinamahlamvu aminyene aluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zimhlophe, ama-sepals agobele phansi. Izimbali eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo.

I-tuber pulp imhlophe, iminyene. Lapho iphekiwe, iba phuzi.

Isisindo se-tuber sifinyelela 90 - 130 g... Isikhathi sokukhula sihlala Izinsuku ezingama-70 - 80.

Isici:

• ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
• ukuzinikela okuphezulu;
• ukumelana nesomiso;
• ukumelana nokuhlala;
• ukuqamba amanga;
• ngokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlukaniswa ngu:

• inani lezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivela kusiko eli-1 - 10-15;
• ukuqina - 12 - 14%;
• isivuno esihlahleni esisodwa - 1.7 kg;
• isivuno esivela ku-1 ha - 1.5 t;
• ukumaketha - 88-97%.

Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo

Izinzuzo:

• ukuvikeleka emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ukuhluma kwe-tuber kuqala ezingeni lokushisa lika- +10.
• ukubopha okusheshayo kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-45 amazambane okuqala ambiwa ukupheka. Kunambitheka kamnandi.
• ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi esifushane;
• ukuvikela izifo eziningi. Akuthinteki izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• ukumelana nomonakalo wemishini... Ikakhulukazi lapho kuqoqwa futhi kuthuthwa.
• isivuno esikhulu;
• ukugcina ikhwalithi.

Phakathi kokubi: ukuthambekela kokulimala sekwephuzile nesiqu nematode, ukuqina kwenhlabathi. - Umlando wokuhoxiswa

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Sihlwanyela imbewu ekukhanyeni amasonto ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Izinto zokutshala zifakwa emabhokisini noma ku-tarp kusendlalelo esisodwa, okuvumela ukufinyelela ekukhanyeni kwemvelo. Ekukhanyeni, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziba luhlaza, okuthi ngokuzayo kube nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekumelaneni nezifo.

Sihlunga futhi sihlele amazambane, silahle izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingagulanga. Sikhetha izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukukhetha izilimo eziyizigaxa usayizi ophakathi nendawo... Sika izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu zibe izingxenye ezimbili ukuze isigamu ngasinye okungenani sibe namahlumela ama-3 - 4.

Ukufika

Ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ukutshala amazambane emhlabathini. Ukutshala izimpande emhlabathini obandayo kunciphisa isivuno ngamahlandla ama-2. Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elifanele kakhulu lezinhlamvu lingama-10 degrees Celsius.

Kumazambane, kunomthetho oye wahlolwa amakhulu eminyaka: awatshalwa ngaphambi nje kwamaqabunga embali ye-birch, kodwa hhayi ngemuva kwezimbali zezinyoni.

Amazambane anenhlanhla engathobekile emhlabathini... Ikhula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zenhlabathi: ubumba kanye ne-sandy loam, i-chernozem ne-loam.

Isayithi lilungiselelwe ekwindla, kwethulwa okuphilayo. Abanduleli besiko - iklabishi, ukhukhamba, amakhabe nemithambo... Ungatshali amazambane esivandeni ngemuva kukatamatisi, ngoba angomndeni ofanayo we-nightshade.

Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala, baphinde bambe inhlabathi, basebenzise umlotha nomanyolo wamaminerali.

Ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi esifushane

Kukhona indlela ephumelelayo yokuthola isivuno esisheshayo. Thatha ibhokisi eline-peat noma i-sawdust, iniselwa ngamanzi futhi itshalwe nezilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu. Lesi sitshalo esakhiwe sitshalwe embhedeni wensimu ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Kodwa-ke, abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe obukhathazayo.

Enhlabathini yobumba, sebenzisa ukufika emikhawulweni... Imbewu yembewu itshalwe emiqolweni, ubude bayo obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20.Isikhawu esiphakathi kwazo singamasentimitha angama-60. Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukisa ukufudumeza imbewu nokungena komoya.

Kusetshenziswa ama-chernozems ubushelelezi obulinganayo... Imbewu itshalwe ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ama-5-7. Inhlabathi ayigoqiwe, kepha iphazanyiswa ngeharika.

Isikhathi esikhulayo sesivuno sihlala cishe Izinsuku ezingama-75-90... Kodwa-ke, vele usenqena ngemuva kokutshala, ungavuna. Ukudla, usungakwazi ukumba izihlahla ekupheleni kukaJuni.

Lokhu kuhluka kunesivuno esikhulu, kungenzeka ukuvuna esihlahleni esisodwa Izilimo eziyizigaxa eziyi-12-20 zamazambane, okuyi-1-2 kg.

Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwamazambane "Inhlanhla" kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba iziqongo ziphenduke zaba phuzi.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esihlahleni esiluhlaza okotshani, izilimo eziyizigaxa zisasesigabeni sokuthuthuka. Qinisekisa ukuthi womisa amazambane emthunzini ngemuva kokuvuna.

Isikimu nesikhathi sokufika

Ukushisa komoya nokufudumala kwenhlabathi kuyizinkomba eziyinhloko zokutshala amazambane emhlabathini.

Amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo zeNhlanhla atshalwa ngokohlelo 20 x 60 cm... Umlotha nehumus kufakwa emgodini ngamunye. Ngokuvela kwezithombo, ziyaqoqana ukuze zivikele ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Izinto zokumboza nazo ziyasetshenziswa. Ukukhululwa kwesibili kwenziwa lapho iziqongo zifinyelela ekuphakameni okungama-20 cm.

Ukhulula inhlabathi, ukhula ukhula - amasu we-agrotechnical ekunakekelweni kwamazambane. Kunconywa ukukhulula inhlabathi ngemuva kwemvula ukwenza ngcono ukufinyelela komoya-mpilo ohlelweni lwempande yezitshalo.

Umanyolo nokunisela

Ukuvundiswa kwesiko kuyenziwa lapho kuvela izithombo, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuqhakaza.

Ekuphakeleni kokuqala, kwethulwa isipuni esingu-1 se-urea nesitokisi sezinyoni, u-0.5 litre we-mullein ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Okwesibili izitshalo zondliwa nge-potassium sulfate (isipuni esingu-1) nomlotha wokhuni (izipuni eziyi-2-3) kususelwa ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, sebenzisa izipuni ezimbili ze-superphosphate nenkomishi eyodwa ye-mullein ebhakedeni ngalinye loketshezi. Ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo esihlahleni ngasinye - 500 ml.

Ukwethulwa komanyolo we-chlorine ne-potassium ngemithamo emikhulu kubangela ukwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezithanda ukuba mnyama uginindela.

Amazambane anenhlanhla ukungafuni ukuchelela... Esimweni sezulu esingesihle (isomiso, ukushisa), isiza siyaniselwa kusetshenziswa imvula noma amanzi ompompi ahleliwe. Qinisekisa ukuyikhulula ngemuva kokuchelela.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo

Amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo zenhlanhla avikelekile ezifweni eziningi, kodwa ithambekele ekulimaleni sekwephuzile nesiqu nematode.

Umswakama ophakeme, ukuminyana kokutshalwa kwamazambane kuyizizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo esisheshayo. Izimpawu zesifo: ukubukeka amabala amnyama emaqabungeni naseziquizilimo eziyizigaxa ezibolile.

Izindlela zokuvimbela: ukhula njalo, ushintsho lokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo... Izindlela zokulawula: ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi njenge-Bordeaux liquid noma ithusi i-oxychloride. Zisetshenziswa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula kwezitshalo. Amaqabunga athintekile nezihlahlana kuyabhujiswa.

Isiqu nematode sibonakala nge amaqabunga aphaphathekile, ukuqina kweziqu zeziqu, ubushake namabala amnyama ezilwaneni eziyizigaxa. Ukuvimbela izifo, isipuni somlotha siyangezwa emgodini ngesikhathi sokutshala. Amasiko abagulayo ayasuswa.

Ekulweni ne-Colorado amazambane beetle, kokubili ukulungiselela amakhemikhali namakhambi wesintu kuyasetshenziswa.

• Umlotha... Fafaza ngenhlanganisela yomlotha (2 l) ngensipho yokuwasha (ucezu) ebhakedeni lamanzi.
• Umhlonyane... Faka u-300 g wotshani, ingilazi yomlotha ebhakedeni lamanzi ashisayo bese ushiya amahora amathathu.
• I-Poplar... Gcwalisa uhhafu webhakede ngamaqabunga, engeza amanzi, ubilise imizuzu engu-15. Phezulu kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-10, shiya izinsuku ezintathu.
• "Isikhulumi" esabisayo... Faka u-300 g wesoda nemvubelo ebhakedeni elinoketshezi, fafaza izitshalo izikhathi 1-2 ngesonto.
• I-Colorado amazambane beetle ngokumelene nayo... Gcwalisa imbiza engu-500 ml ngezinambuzane, uyithele esitsheni esingu-10 litre, uyigcwalise ngamanzi, bese uyivala uvalwe. Ngemuva kwesonto, ukumnika kusetshenziswa ku-1: 2 ratio.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukumba amazambane kuqala inyanga eyodwa nohhafu emva kokutshala. Isiginali yokuvuna ngobuningi ngo-Agasti ukumiswa kweziqongo.

Ngaphambi kokugcina, izitshalo zempande zomisiwe futhi zihlungwe. Gcina emiphongolweni, engaphansi kwezinga lokushisa kusuka + 2 kuye + 5 degrees.

Izinhlobo uVilnya no-Anoka bakha isisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane e-Udacha. Amazambane enhlanhla ayindlela enhle kakhulu engadini.