I-Lemon isihlahla esingapheli se-thermophilic esingatshalwa ekhaya. Isiko elinjalo le-citrus, elitshalwe etsheni ekamelweni lokushisa, lizohlala lijabulisa iso ngamaqabunga alo ahlala eluhlaza.
Kepha ukuthola izithelo ezinamakha aphuzi, udinga ukuxhumanisa kahle isitshalo.
Izici nemibandela yokugoma
Ukukhula ulamula ekhaya kuyinqubo elula kakhulu. Lokhu kudinga izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme, isitsha esinenhlabathi nokunakekelwa okuhle kwezitshalo. Ukuhambisana nazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kuzokwenza ukuthi kukhule umuthi omuhle wezithelo ezisawolintshi onamaqabunga aqinile anenyama. Cishe izoqala ukuthela izithelo okungenani eminyakeni eyisikhombisa.
Ungathola izithelo eziwusizo ngokushesha okukhulu uma utshala isiko ngokukhetha inketho efanele. Le nqubo izokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno sokuqala eminyakeni emithathu. Amanye ulamula angakhiqiza izithelo ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuxhunyelelwa.
Ukuxhunyelelwa ukuhamba kwamahlumela noma efihlekile kusuka kwesinye isitshalo esikhethiwe kuya kwesinye ukuze kufinyeleleke ngokuphelele. Lesi senzo kufanele senziwe unyaka owodwa emva kokutshala, lapho kuqhuma isiqu esihlaza esiluhlaza kusuka enzalweni.
Isikhathi esihle sokufakelwa kabusha amahlumela noma amahlumela maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo siqala ukwandisa umsebenzi wazo zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo empilweni. Uma kunesidingo, ungatshala ulamula ekhaya ngo-Agasti.
Ungasikhetha kanjani isitoko?
Ukuze kusebenze umphumela wokugoma, kufanele kukhethwe isiphunzi esisezingeni eliphakeme - isiko okwenziwa kulo ukufakwa. Isitshalo sikamama esihle yimbewu ehlwanyelwe imbewu enobubanzi obuyisigamu sentimitha.
Izithombo ezinamandla zezitshalo ze-citrus ezifana ne-grapefruit, i-orange kanye ne-lemon zivame ukusetshenziswa njengesiphunzi. Lapho ukhetha isitshalo sokuxhunyelelwa, umuntu kufanele acabangele izici ezihlukile zesitshalo - ukukhula, ukunambitheka, ukuthambekela kwezifo.
Inketho enhle kakhulu yokuxhunyelelwa kwesitshalo sasendlini kuzoba isitoko sezitshalo ezingaphansi noma ezincane.
Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokufakwa, kuvunwa amagatsha amancane amaningi kalamula. I-scion enjalo yinto exhunywe kusithombo sikamama; kuphela isitshalo esithela izithelo okufanele sithathwe. Amahlumela asuswa ngameva namaqabunga. Amahlumela kuphela nama-petioles okufanele asale emagatsheni.
Izindlela zokuzenzela ulamula
Izinketho eziningi zokuxhunyelelwa zisetshenziselwa ukufaka umuthi wezithelo ze-citrus:
- Izithelo... Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amagatsha anenani elithile lamaqabunga. Ungaqhuba izinketho ezimbili zokuxhunyelelwa - "amagxolo" kanye "nokuhlukanisa"
- Ukulingisa. Enkambeni yokuxhunyelelwa, isitoko nengxenye exhunyelelwe kuso ngosayizi ofanayo kuyasetshenziswa. Ukuxhumeka okunjalo usebenzisa ama-cuttings kungaba lula futhi kuthuthukiswe.
- Ukufufusa. Le yindlela ejwayelekile yokugoma. Izobanjwa ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi. Ngokuqhamuka, kusetshenziswa ihlumela elilodwa elinokumbozwa okuncane okomzimba, okukhethwa kuzicucu zesitshalo esitshaliwe. Imbotshana enjalo ifakwa egxolweni lesiphunzi.
Inyanga ngaphambi kokuxhunyelelwa, kufanele uhlole isimo sezimpande zesiko futhi, uma kunesidingo, ubeke inhlabathi esikhundleni.
Indlela yokuxhunyelelwa ngama-cuttings?
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sivuselela zonke izinqubo zokuphila. Isihlahla sikhula ngentshiseko amagatsha namaqabunga, okuyizinto ezinhle zokusika.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwelamula ngosizo lwe-scion encane kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:
- impande esuswe uthuli inqanyulwa ivundlile ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha amahlanu ukusuka emhlabathini;
- ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile kuya ekujuleni kwamasentimitha amabili kwesiqu esikhulu kwenziwa;
- ngaphansi kokusika, ukusika kwe-oblique kwenziwa kulingana nokusikwa esiqwini;
- isiqu ekugcineni ngenso sifakwa ekusikeni okuvelayo;
- i-scion efake imbobo icindezelwa ngobumnene esiqwini;
- umgwaqo ugoqwe ngokucophelela ngeteyipu yepulasitiki;
- ukusika esiqwini kugqoke ivanishi ekhethekile yensimu.
Ukuxhunyelelwa okunjalo ngama-cuttings kubizwa "ngamagxolo".
Izitshalo ezincane azibekezeleli ilanga eliqondile. Ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo kuzoba inketho enhle kakhulu ekhaya.
Ukufakwa kwe-cuttings "emgodini" kwenziwa ngokuhlukile:
- wonke amagxolo anqunywa esiqwini ebangeni lamasentimitha ayisikhombisa;
- isitokisi esisele sihlukaniswe phakathi ngommese obukhali ngokujula ngamasentimitha amabili kuya kwamane;
- isisekelo sokusika sinqunywe ngokulinganayo kusuka ezinhlangothini eziphikisanayo;
- i-scion ifakwe ku-incision, lapho kufanele okungenani kube namahlumela amathathu;
- indawo yokuxhunyelelwa isongwe ngezinto zefilimu.
Ngokuxhunyelelwa ngempumelelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi amagxolo e-scion nesiphunzi acindezelwe phansi ngesikhathi sokugoqa.
Isitsha esine-citrus tree esihlanganisiwe sibekwa endaweni efudumele lapho kufanele kwenziwe khona umoya omncane njalo. Lapho ama-petioles aphuzi aqala ukuwa, udinga ukuncibilikisa ibhandishi kancane, futhi ngokukhula okusebenzayo kwezinso, kususwe ngokuphelele.
Ukulingisa
Le ndlela yokuxhunyelelwa kumele yenziwe ngesikhathi sokuthula kwesitshalo, okwenzeka ebusika. Ungakwazi futhi ukulingisa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube yilapho efihlekile iqala ukuvela.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kungenye yezinketho zokuxhunyelelwa ezivame kakhulu. Kulula ukukwenza:
- isitokisi nesikisi esinobukhulu obufanayo kukhethiwe;
- ukusikwa okufanayo kwe-oblique kwenziwa ngesiqu sesitshalo sikamama nokusika;
- izindawo ezisikiwe zihambelana nomunye nomunye;
- iphoyinti lokumiswa kabusha liphindwaphindwa ngokucophelela ngetheyipu.
Ukugoqwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu, ukusikeka okucindezelweyo akusuki. Ngokuqondaniswa kahle, isiqu sokudleke ngemuva kwesikhashana sizoqala ukubuyela empilweni, sihlume. Uma izimpawu ezinjalo zivela, ukugqoka kufanele kususwe.
Ungayitshala kanjani ilamula ekhaya ukuze ithele izithelo ngokuhluma?
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-Budding noma i-peephole kuyindlela elula yokuxhunyelelwa usebenzisa ukusika. Le nqubo ingenziwa kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo ziqala ukugeleza kobisi okusebenzayo. Entwasahlobo, iso elihlumayo likhethwa ukuze ligonywe, kuthi ekupheleni kwehlobo kusetshenziswe isimo sokulala.
Okwe-scion, udinga ukusika ihlumela ngehlumela ngommese ohlanzekile obukhali bese wenza ukusikeka okuvundlile okubili. Esokuqala siyisentimitha elilodwa ngenhla kwehlumela, esesibili ngamasentimitha owodwa nohhafu ngaphansi kwesihlumela sokuqala.
Ngokufakwa kwama-cuttings ngendlela yokuqhamuka, kuyadingeka:
- yenza imbobo ngokuma kohlamvu "T" kumagxolo wesitoko esihlanzwe kahle;
- goba izingxenyeni zamagxolo, ezakhiwe ngenxa yokusikwa;
- faka isikebhe esilungisiwe esikhaleni esakhiwe;
- indawo yokugoma isongwe ngeteyipu ukuze izinso uqobo luhlale luvulekile;
- ingaphezulu lapho okwakuxhunyelelwa khona limbozwe nge-varnish yensimu.
Lesi sitshalo esihlanganisiwe simbozwe ngebhodlela lepulasitiki noma ngesikhwama sepulasitiki ukudala umphumela wokushisa. Ngenkathi yokwanda kwe-scion nesiphunzi, yenza umoya omncane njalo futhi ususe amahlumela angenasidingo.
Isembozo esihlanganisayo nesembozo sokushisa sikhishwa ngemuva kwenyanga. Uma ukuqhuma kuphumelela, isiqu kufanele siwe, kushiye kuphela imbobo yesikhondo esiqwini. Isitoko sinqunywa ebangeni lamasentimitha ayishumi ukusuka ehlumela elihlanganisiwe.
Ukufufusa kuhle esimweni sezulu esinamafu. Ukwanda komswakama womkhathi kuzosiza ukuvikela izinso ekumeni.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kufanele ulandele ezinye zezincomo ezivela kubalimi abasebenza ngokuzilolonga:
- inzalo ngokuphelele yenqubo yonke;
- konke ukusikeka kufanele kwenziwe ngommese obukhali, obukhali kahle;
- sebenzisa izitshalo ezinamandla ezinesitoko;
- susa amahlumela amaningi ngemuva kokuxhunyelelwa esiqwini;
- nisela isitoko ngamanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokuxhunyelelwa;
- ngemuva kokugoma, sebenzisa i-greenhouse, okufanele ifakwe umoya njalo;
- moisten inhlabathi ku-mini-greenhouse nge-swab kakotini efakwe emanzini.
Ngemuva kokuhlangana ngempumelelo, igatsha elincane elihlanganisiwe liboshelwe esiqwini endaweni evundlile. Isitshalo se-citrus esihlanganisiwe kufanele siniselwe njalo, sivimbele umhlabathi ukuthi ungomi.
Tshala ulamula ekhaya bese uthola isivuno sokuqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwawo wonke umuntu. Ukuze uthole umphumela othelayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe indlela yokugoma, futhi wenze inqubo ngendlela efanele.