Akulula kakhulu ukutshala isitshalo seqanda, njengoba kufakazelwa ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi abanolwazi nabasanda kuqala. Ngokuhlaziya izinkinga okwakumele babhekane nazo lapho betshala imifino endaweni abamba ukushisa, amacala amaningi angagwenywa futhi aze aziqhayise ngesivuno esihle ngokulandela imithetho yokunakekelwa, ukuniselwa nokukhula kahle.
Kungenzeka yini ukutshala ama-eggplants ku-greenhouse
Ukutshala ama-eggplants endle noma ku-greenhouse evaliwe kuba yinselelo yangempela kubo bonke abalimi bengadi. Akuwona wonke umuntu ophumelela ukuyidlulisa, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokutshalwa kwemifino e-Urals noma eSiberia.
Isimo sezulu siba nzima, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obungenanzuzo ngokwengeziwe, ngoba isiko likhula kahle kuphela ngaphansi kombuso othile wokushisa. Ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwesistimu yokushisa ku-greenhouse, okusho ukuthi enye into yezindleko iwela engadini.
Akunasidingo sokukhathazeka ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kutshalwe izithelo eziseningizimu endaweni emaphakathi naseSiberia. Ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima nowesikhathi eside wabalimi, bekukwazi ukwakhiwa izinhlobo ezingamelana namakhaza nezifo.
Ama-nzalo adumile afaka phakathi: Sailor, Robin Hood, Almaz, Albatross, njll.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokukhula ku-greenhouse ye-polycarbonate
I-agrotechnology ye-eggplant ilula, kepha inezinye izici.
Izimfihlo eziyinhloko zifaka:
- Ukukhethwa okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo (okunezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokugcina izithombo kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zemifino ezingamelana namakhaza);
- ukwakhiwa kokushisa kumele ibe nezimbobo ukukwazi ukuguqula umbuso wezinga lokushisa nokwenza umoya omncane;
- ukugcina ukushisa, i-greenhouse ifakwe nayo Ukushisa uhlelo (yezifunda ezinesimo sezulu esibi);
- isikhathi sasemini sesitshalo kufanele sibe kungakapheli amahora angu-12, uma kwenzeka kunokungabikho kokukhanyisa, kunconywa ukufaka amalambu we-fluorescent;
- ukuchelela kwenziwa amanzi afudumele (Ama-degree angama-24), ukuchelela kufanele kuqalwe kusukela ngosuku lwesi-5 emva kokutshala, zama ukungafafazi amahlamvu;
- inhlabathi kufanele ivundiswe, isakhiwo sikhululekile;
- Esigabeni sokuqhakaza, izimbali ezeqile ziyasuswa (ukuhlukaniswa kwenqubo yezithelo);
- njengoba isiko likhula, ngenisa ngokuhlelekile izithako zokudla okunempilo.
Kunconywa abalimi be-novice ukuthi bazi kahle inqubo yezolimo yesitshalo seqanda ezimweni zokushisa okushisa, lapho izitshalo zivikeleke emimoyeni, emisebeni yelanga eshisayo nakwezinye izimo zesimo sezulu.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-greenhouse yokutshala ngaphandle komhlaba ovulekile
Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kakhulu yi-greenhouse noma i-greenhouse kusuka i-polycarbonate, iyakwazi ukuvikela ama-eggplants ekuqandeni futhi inikeze ukukhanya okwanele futhi kulula ukwenza ngezandla zakho. Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, okokusebenza kufudumala kahle, okunciphisa izindleko zokushisa.
Njengoba kusetshenziswa isendlalelo sokufakwa esingeziwe ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi olunocwecwe lokulwa nokujiya.
Ama-eggplants awahlukile ekukhuleni okuphezulu kwezihlahla, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwakhiwa okukhulu, kwanele ukukhetha inketho elula yokuhlinzeka ngezinkomba kusuka ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.5 m.
Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibi, i-greenhouse ingcono setha esisekelweni, ukwakhiwa okungasindi kangako okujule ngamasentimitha angama-20 ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi. Uhlaka lungenziwa ngamaphrofayili wokhuni nensimbi. Ukuba khona kwezikhala zokulawulwa kokushisa nokungenisa umoya kuthathwa njengokuphoqelekile.
Lapho kubalwa inzuzo yegreenhouse, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo eziyi-3-4 zibekwa nge-1 m2.
Isivuno esikhonjiswe kwilebula yembewu empeleni siphansi, ngakho-ke isibalo sincishiswe ngama-20-30%. Isibalo sezihlahlana ezitshaliwe sincike endaweni yegreenhouse lapho zizokhula khona. Uma yakhelwe ngqo ukutshala imifino, khona-ke kucatshangelwa kokubili imingcele yempahla yokubopha kanye nokukwazi ukudala izinga lokushisa elifanele (ukushisa).
Esikhathini sokushisa 2x3m kungatshalwa Izithombo eziyi-18-24 isitshalo seqanda.
Isikhathi esifanele ukwehla
Izithombo ze-eggplant zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela lapho lapho ingozi yesithwathwa sasebusuku idlula... Lesi sikhathi emzileni ophakathi ngu engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ekuphekeni kokushisa, umsebenzi uqala ekuqaleni, ngoba ukutholakala kwendawo yokukhosela akufaki ukuqanda kwamahlumela amancane emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-zero, futhi ilanga lasemini lizofudumeza izindonga zesakhiwo futhi lidale izimo ezidingekayo zokuthuthukisa isiko. Lapho uhlela isikhathi sokutshala, izici zokushisa okushisa kanye nesimo sezulu esifundeni ziyabhekwa.
Uma izithombo zikhule ngezinga lezimboni, ukuhlwanyela kuyenziwa kusuka maphakathi noFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaMashi... Kudlula okungenani izinsuku ezingama-65 ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zidluliselwe engadini, okusho ukuthi ukufakelwa kungakuhlelwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kungenzeka ukuguqula izinsuku zokuhlwanyela nokufaka kabusha ngezinsuku eziyi-7-10, uma kunezimo ezithile.
Ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezifudumele, ungatshala isitshalo seqanda engxenyeni yesibili kaJanuwari... Ngalesi simiso, izinsuku zokufakelwa kabusha zihanjiswa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Lobu buchwepheshe abushibhile, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubala inzuzo kuqala.
Esifundeni saseMoscow, izithombo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zidluliselwa ezigodini zokugcina kuze kufike uMeyi 10-15. E-Krasnodar Territory naseSiberia, le micimbi ihlelelwa isigamu sesibili senyanga kaMeyi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Luyini uhlelo lokutshala izithombo
Lapho utshala izithombo, into esemqoka ungavumeli imibhede iqine, lokhu kuholela ezithelweni eziphansi kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka ngezifo zefungal.
1 m2 itholakala cishe izitshalo ezinhlanu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezifudumele, angeqi kwabathathu - ezakhiweni ezingafudunyezwanga. Lapho wenza imibhede ngemigqa, landela lezi zikhathi ezilandelayo:
- umugqa isikhala - 60-65 cm;
- ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo zilandelana lingama-30-35 cm.
Ukujula kokutshalwa kwezithombo kungama-15-18 cm.Izimo ezifanele zokushisa zokujwayeza amahlumela amancane ziyahambelana 18-20 degrees (phansi okungenani ama-degree ayi-15).
Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinezihlahla ezisakazekayo, isikimu esinokuhleleka kwemigodi (isikhawu esingu-60 cm) kufaneleka kakhulu. Izitshalo ezikhula kancane zitshalwe emigqeni emi-2 ngesikhala semigqa esingu-65 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla zilandelana lingama-40-45 cm.
Nakekela amahlumela okuqala
Ngemuva kokuhluma, izithombo zidinga izimo ezikhethekile nezimo zokushisa. 18-20 degrees.
Ukukhanyisa
Ngokuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwamahlumela amancane, kudingeka amahora emini okungenani amahora ayi-12.
Ukuqinisekisa lesi simo, uzodinga ukusifaka endlini amalambu we-fluorescent... Ukukhanya okungeziwe kufanele kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iziqukathi zezithombo.
Ukunisela
Umswakama owedlulele ungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo, ngakho-ke izithombo ziyaniselwa kancane. Izinqubo eziqhubekayo - 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingama-3-5... Amanzi afakwa ezingxenyeni ezincane emhlabathini, hhayi kumahlumela.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nomanyolo
Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala... Ukukhethwa komanyolo kubhekwa ngokucophelela, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko kuncike ezakhiweni zawo.
Abanye abalimi bathanda izixazululo zoketshezi, njenge potassium nitrate (3 amagremu ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi). Lapho wethula uketshezi, zama ukungangeni kwimifino, ukuze ungayishisi. Isixazululo somlotha sithathwa njengesingelutho kangako (ingilazi yomlotha wamalitha ayi-7 wamanzi). Umanyolo uKemira Lux (2 amagremu ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi) uzibonakalise kahle.
Ukudla kwesibili kuyasetshenziswa ngemuva kwamaviki angu-3-4... Le mikhiqizo elandelayo ayilahlekanga ukusebenziseka kwayo: IBiohumus, Ingadi Enempilo, iBioton. Ziphephe ngokuphelele isiko, kepha zenza umsebenzi omuhle ngomsebenzi.
Uma amahlumela anciphise ukukhula, khona-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo: Agricola forte, Signor, Ideal.
Ukunakekela izitshalo zezitshalo ezikhulile
Impova
Isiko linezimbali zobungqingili, inqubo yokuvota impova iyenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo... Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela ekuseni, ungahamba emigqeni bese unyakazisa ihlathi ngalinye kancane. Izindlela ezinqala zokuvota impova azihlinzekwa.
Izici zokwakheka kwezihlahla
Ukwandisa ukuthela, kufanele kuphinwe izihlahla zezitshalo zeqanda.
Ingakhiwa ngezindlela ezintathu: kwesinye, iziqu ezimbili nezintathu... Ukuhlukahluka kokwakheka kwezitshalo kukhethwa kuphela kucatshangelwa izici zokuhlukahluka. Ama-ovari amaningi ngokweqile azidonsela amandla ngokwawo, evimbela zonke ezinye izithelo ukuthi zingakhuli, ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengesidingo ukuzisusa.
Lapho uhlakulela imifino ku-greenhouse ukuthena kwenziwa emasontweni amabili emva kokutshala izithombo. Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izinqubo ezitholakala ngaphansi kwegatsha lokuqala ziyasuswa. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamahlumela ama-4-5, phusha phezulu.
Lapho wenza le nqubo, ungagxila futhi ekuphakameni kwesihlahla, kufanele kube phakathi kwama-25-30 cm.Ngokwezinhlobonhlobo eziphakeme, kungadingeka ubophe izihlahla.
Ukunisela nokudla okudingekayo
Izinsuku ezinhlanu emva kokutshala izithombo emibhedeni yokushisa, udinga ukumanzisa izitshalo amanzi afudumele... Ezinye izinqubo okufanele zenziwe okungenani kanye ngesonto, kube ngcono ekuseni. Amanzi asetshenziswa ngaphansi kwempande yesitshalo ukugcina amahlamvu omile.
Ukugcina umswakama wenhlabathi, kunconywa semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla imibhede. Le nqubo ithatha indawo yokuxegiswa, okungenzeka kulimaze izimpande.
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal, udinga njalo khuthaza ukushisa kokushisa.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ama-eggplants ayondliwa Izikhathi ezi-3-5... Lapho uhlwanyela imifino endaweni abamba ukushisa, kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo onzima: Isixazululo, iKemira universal (ebhakedeni lamanzi, 1.5 tbsp. L womkhiqizo). Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqanda, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-nitrogen-phosphorus (1 tsp we-ammonium nitrate, 1 tbsp we-superphosphate ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi).
Imikhiqizo ye-organic nayo isetshenziselwa ukugqoka, kepha akufanele isetshenziswe ngokweqile, ukuze ingavuseleli ukwakheka okukhulu kwemifino. Ngesitshalo seqanda, iBiud ilungile (ihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngokulingana kuka-1: 20).
Ubunzima obungaba khona ekukhuleni isitshalo seqanda
Lapho uhlakulela isitshalo seqanda endaweni abamba ukushisa, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingavela:
- ukuphuzi kwamahlamvu (isizathu esivame ukuxhomeke kumbuso wokunisela noma ukwethulwa komanyolo, lesi sifo asikhishwa);
- ukuwa kwamaqanda (kwenzeka ngenxa yokushoda noma umswakama owedlulele);
- isihlahla sikhula kahle, futhi ama-ovari akhiwa kabi (isizathu silele ekudleni ngokweqile ngamanyolo we-nitrogen noma ukungabi nokuthena);
- isitshalo siqhakaza, kepha asitheli izithelo (kudingeka impova engcono);
- ishiya i-curl (izimbangela ezingaba khona: izinambuzane, umswakama okweqile, ukungabi nokukhanya);
- amabala emaqabunga (kaningi imbangela ilanga eliqondile);
- ukukhula okubuthakathaka kwamahlumela ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha (ukwehla kwentuthuko kungenzeka kuhlotshaniswe nesistimu yezimpande, udinga ukondla i- "Kornevin").
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukuvuna kuhlelwe isikhathi sokuvuthwa kohlobo. Ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-25-40 ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezithombo.
Akufanele uqondiswe ngombala, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvuthwa, isikhumba sesithelo sithatha umbala ohlukile. Umkhondo wokuqala uzoba ukuqina koginindela... Uma ucindezela isitshalo seqanda, kuzosala isifaca esincane, esilapha ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinqunywa ngokusika izihlahla, kushiye umsila ka-3-5 cm.Khetha eyodwa epholile ukuyigcina. indawo emnyama (kaningi egumbini elingaphansi). Imifino ingafakwa emabhokisini ngezingqimba ezimbili. Ukugcina isivuno isikhathi eside, imifino ibekwa ngotshani noma iphepha lesikhumba. Kunconywa ukwenza ucwaningomabhuku njalo emavikini amabili ukuze kukhishwe amakhophi abonakalayo ebhokisini.
Ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi mayelana nemifino ekhulayo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo
UVladimir Ivanovich, oneminyaka engu-62 ubudala
Isimo sezulu sethu se-Ural asifanele yonke imifino, futhi ikakhulukazi izitshalo zamaqanda. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezingazange zizame. Imizamo yami ekugcineni ithweswe impumelelo - Inkinjana yaseMongolia uzibonakalise ngendlela ebingalindelekile. Ngithathe izithelo eziyi-7-9 ehlathini. Ngiyaqhubeka nokuzama, kepha ngizotshala lokhu okuhlukahlukene, ngithembele ekuvuneni.
UTaisiya, oneminyaka engu-47
Kuze kube yilapho ethola inhlobonhlobo efanelekile yokulima ukushisa okushisayo, wathi imizamo yakhe engaphumelelanga yokutshala isitshalo seqanda kuphela ngamaphutha akhe okunakekela. Ngemuva kokuthatha isampula kusuka ku- INkosana emnyama noMary, okhubazeke ngomusa, wabona ukuthi ukukhethwa kwembewu kudlala indima enkulu.
U-Andrey, oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala
Isakhiwo esincane sokushisa okushisayo singumthombo wemali engenayo, ngakho-ke ngiyazama ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abalimi ukunciphisa izingozi.
Isitshalo seqanda siyisitshalo esingenazisekelo, kepha ngokuya ngombuso wokushisa kanye nohlelo lokudla, sinika izithelo ngokukhululekile. I-Agrotechnics ayifaki ukukha izithombo, futhi ngifaka esikhundleni sokuzithukulula ngokufaka imibhede embhedeni. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo ziye zamangala kamnandi: UCarlson, uMarzipan, iNkosi yaseNyakatho, uLolita.
UValentina Kuzminichna, oneminyaka engu-59 ubudala
Ngitshala imbewu ezinsukwini ezingama-75 ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha engadini. Ukwenza lokhu, ngisebenzisa izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezincane ezisobala, ngiwagcwalisa nge-substrate ngo-2/3. Ngiyithumela embhedeni wensimu ngqo nenhlabathi, ukuze ingalimazi izimpande. Ngondla izitshalo njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 (i-Fertility humate, umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, umlotha wokhuni).
UDaria, oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala
Kulabo abaqale banquma ukutshala ama-eggplants ku-greenhouse yabo, ngiyeluleka naka ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokulawulwa kokushisa... Ukuphuzi okuphuma emaqabunga ezithombo kukhombisa inkinga futhi imvamisa kufanele kubhekwe ekuniseleni. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuyingozi njengokuchichima kwawo, futhi akulula ukudala umbuso ofanele ezimweni zokugcina izithombo.
Ukulandela imithetho ecacile yokutshala, ukutshala izithombo nokuvuna isivuno esihle seqanda kuzosebenza ngisho nasezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibi. Isakhiwo sokushisa siyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele uma indawo nomhlabathi kubulawa amagciwane ngesikhathi esifanele, kuboshwe, kuvundiswe futhi kubhekwe kahle.