Ama-gooseberries atshalwe ezweni lethu isikhathi eside. ERussia, sekuvele ngekhulu le-11, izindela zafuya izinhlobo zezilimo zale berry ezingadini zezindela. Ngakho-ke, ama-gooseberries afuywa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunama-currants athandwayo nama-raspberries. Manje izithelo zale berry ziyaziswa ngokwakhiwa kwazo okunothile kwamavithamini, okwelapha kanye nojamu omnandi wejamujusi... Yize lesi sitshalo sinesizotha, sikhula endaweni yaseRussia, e-Ukraine, udinga ukuxhumana nokutshalwa kwaso ngawo wonke umthwalo. Etshalwe ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho, ama-gooseberries akwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno esifinyelela kuma-10 kg ngonyaka iminyaka engama-40. Ake sihlolisise imithetho yokutshala i-gooseberries ekwindla.
Izinsuku zokufika
Ama-gooseberries atshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Entwasahlobo, ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe kusenesikhathi, okungcono engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli.... Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi sitshalo asikasuki esimweni sokulala sasebusika. Uma amaqabunga eqala ukuqhakaza, khona-ke amathuba okuthi isithombo sizothatha izimpande azoncipha. Kepha i-shrub etshalwe ngesikhathi izoba nezinga lokusinda elibi kakhulu entwasahlobo kunokutshala ekwindla. Iyiphi inyanga yokutshala ama-gooseberries, ubuza? Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukutshala ama-gooseberries ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - Septhemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, kuya ngesifunda - isifunda saseMoscow, i-Ural, indawo emaphakathi yeRussia.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ekwindla yisonto lokugcina likaSepthemba namasonto okuqala ka-Okthoba.... Noma kunjalo, udinga ukugxila esimweni sezulu. Into esemqoka ukuthi iqhwa lokuqala alikho ngaphambi kwamasonto amabili kamuva, futhi izimpande ezincane azibandi. Futhi kungcono ukhethe usuku olungashisi ilanga futhi olungenawo umoya, ukuze izimpande zesithombo zingomi emoyeni ovulekile.
Ngokukhetha okulungile kwesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, isitshalo sithatha izimpande cishe ezimweni eziyi-100%. Ezinye izinzuzo zokutshala ekwindla zifaka:
- Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kunesikhathi sokuthi izimpande zesithombo zikwazi ukuqina futhi zikhule.
- Isitshalo esiqinile entwasahlobo izoqala ukukhula ngokushesha.
- Ngaphambi kokuba ubusika buqale inhlabathi ezungeze i-shrub izohlala kahle futhi ihlangane.
- Isitshalo esinezimpande ekwindla, entwasahlobo kuzoqala inkathi yokukhula ngamandla agcwele, ezohlinzeka ngokwanda okukhulu kumahlumela amancane ngokuwa okulandelayo.
Ukutshala i-gooseberries ekwindla, noma kunikeza iziqinisekiso ezinhle, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungabi sekwephuzile ngezinsuku zayo.
Izikhathi ezinikeziwe zimaphakathi. Udinga ukuqhubeka kusuka kwisimo sezulu sesifunda sakho. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izinsuku zingashintshela ku-Okthoba-Novemba, nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ukuqala kukaSepthemba nakho kufanelekile.
Uma uthathe isinqumo ngosuku olufanele, umzuzu obalulekile wokutshala ngempumelelo ukulungiselela isithombo sesitshalo.
Ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyilungiselele isithombo
Lapho uthenga isithombo, qiniseka ukuthi unaka izinkomba ezilandelayo:
- Ubudala besampula... Akufanele idlule iminyaka emibili, isitshalo esidala sizothatha izimpande kancane futhi sivumelane nezimo ezintsha isikhathi eside.
- Inani elanele lezimpande... Phakathi kwazo kufanele kube namathambo amathathu noma ngaphezulu, ubude bawo budlula amasentimitha ayi-15. Futhi kunezimpande eziningi ezinemicu eminingi.
- Amahlumela engxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo ubude kufanele bufinyelele ku-30-40 cm.
Ngemuva kokuthenga isithombo, kulungiselelwa ukutshala. Lokhu kudinga:
- Susa amaqabunga kusuka esitsheni.
- Yenza isivuno izimpande ezomile.
- Cwilisa isithombo emashini wobumbaokulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ukulungisa isisombululo, hlanganisa i-1 kg yobumba nenhlabathi emnyama, amaphakethe ama-2 kaKornevin, bese uthele amalitha amathathu amanzi.
Ukukhethwa kwesihlalo
Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala esikhathini esizayo. Ungatshala kuphi lesi sihlahla sezithelo? Ungatshali ama-gooseberries phakathi kwezihlahla, lokhu kuzodala ukungabi khona kwelanga.... Umakhelwane onama-currants nawo uyingozi esitshalweni, ngoba bathambekele ezifweni nasezinambuzane ezifanayo. Kuhle uma, ngaphambi kokutshala ama-gooseberries, imifino, ama-beet noma amazambane kwakutshalwe kulo mhlaba.
Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke, i-shrub ngeke ikhule kahle enhlabathini enzima kakhulu futhi egcwele amanzi. Uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ephezulu endaweni yengadi, khona-ke kungcono ukutshala i-gooseberry endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, noma ukuyakhela ukuphakama kokufakelwa kwawo kusuka phansi.
Ukubekwa kahle kwezihlahla nakho kubalulekile lapho utshala izitshalo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. I-gooseberry ikhula kahle. Isihlahla esineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5 ububanzi.
Kunezinhlelo eziningana zokutshala ama-gooseberries.:
- Ukulingana okuncane... Kulokhu, izihlahla zitshalwa ngemigqa ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1.5 ukusuka komunye nomunye, futhi kushiywe isikhala samamitha amabili ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4-5, izitshalo zizokhula kakhulu zize zibe umucu owodwa oqhubekayo.
- Ukutshala phakathi kwemigqa yezihlahla zezithelo ezisencane... Ezimweni ezinjalo, ugqumugqumu uzokhula kahle kuze kube yilapho imiqhele engenhla kwawo iqala ukuvalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe endaweni ekhanyayo.
- Isikimu esihlanganisiwe... Izitshalo zitshalwa ngemigqa ebangeni elingama-75 cm komunye nomunye, kugcinwa ibanga phakathi kwemigqa eyi-1 m. Lapho, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, izihlahla ziqala ukuvalwa, zidinga ukuncishiswa emva komunye, ziphinde zitshale ezinye zezitshalo ziye endaweni entsha. Ngemuva kweminye iminyaka embalwa, ukunciphisa kufanele kuphindwe. Lolu hlelo lunikela ekutholeni isivuno esikhulu samajikijolo futhi lusindisa kakhulu isikhala esizeni.
Ukuze uthole irisidi esheshayo yesivuno esikhulu, Abalimi kwesinye isikhathi batshala izithombo ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye emgodini owodwa omkhulu, bashiye ibanga elingu-20 cm phakathi kwabo... Eminyakeni yokuqala, ukuvuna kuzoba kuhle impela, noma kunjalo, amahlathi maduze azoqala ukuqina futhi aguge kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpande zabo zizohlangana kangangokuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukutshala izitshalo.
Lapho ulungisa izithombo bese ukhetha indawo enhle yama-gooseberries, ungaqala ukutshala isitshalo ngqo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala i-gooseberry entwasahlobo nasekwindla
Ukutshala isitshalo kufaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Esizeni esikhethiwe udinga bamba umhlabathi ungaphezi nje insabula yefosholo... Lokhu kuqeda zonke izigaxa futhi kususe ukhula.
- Bamba umgodi, usayizi waso kufanele weqe kancane kunezimpande zesithombo, ngokwesilinganiso kungu-50x50x50 cm... Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusenesikhathi - amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Umhlaba ophezulu ovundile kufanele ugoqwe ngakolunye uhlangothi, bese kuthi kolunye uhlangothi.
- Zalisa umgodi... 2/3 kumele igcwaliswe ngenhlabathi evundile exutshwe nomquba (1.5 amabhakede), superphosphate (300 g), peat (1.5 amabhakede), umlotha (3 izinkomishi), i-limestone yomhlabathi (1 ingilazi). Ukusuka ngenhla, kufanele ungeze inhlabathi evundile futhi uthele konke lokhu ngamalitha angu-0.5 wamanzi.
- Ngaphambi kokugibela umgodi kufanele ushiywe ume kuleli fomu amasonto ambalwaukuze inhlabathi ihlale ngokwanele.
- Ngesikhathi sokufika ngqo, faka isithombo emgodini, usitshekise kancane... Kulokhu, ikhola yezimpande kufanele itholakale maphakathi nendawo ye-fossa, futhi izimpande kufanele ziqonde ezinhlangothini. Ukugwema ukungabi nalutho, isikhala esiphakathi kwezimpande kufanele simbozwe ngomhlaba. Ama-gooseberries avame ukujula ngama-5 cm ngaphansi kunasendaweni edlule yokukhula kwesithombo (kulula ukulandela umkhondo kumagxolo). Ngakho-ke, kuzokwakhiwa izimo zokukhula kwezimpande ezengeziwe namahlumela avela efihlekile yesitshalo.
- Umhlaba ozungeze isithombo udinga unyathele futhi unisele kakhulu.
- Faka imbokodo embotsheni kusuka ku-peat noma amaqabunga anengqimba ye-10 cm.
Ngemuva kokutshala ekwindla, izitshalo ezincane azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, azikwazi ukuthintwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Imbotshana nokuwa kweqhwa kuzosiza isithombo ukuba sibheke ngaphezulu. Uma wesaba ukuthi kuzoba neqhwa elincane ebusika, khona-ke ungafaka futhi ugqumugqumu ngezinto zokumboza.
Ngemuva kokutshala entwasahlobo, ukuze usinde futhi ukhule, thena lesi sitshalo. Kulokhu, sika ingxenye yasemoyeni ngo-10 cm, bese ushiya ama-2-3 efihlekile kudubula ngalinye. Ngokutshala ekwindla, ukuthenwa okunjalo akunconywa. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokwenza, khona-ke qiniseka ukumboza konke ukusikeka nge-pitch yensimu.
Ungatshala kanjani kahle isihlahla somuntu omdala
Lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokutshala ngokuncipha okuqhubekayo kwemigqa, kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yokutshala ama-gooseberries. Izitshalo kufanele ziphinde zibuyiselwe ekwindla ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukumila kalula endaweni entsha. Ukuze ususe ngokuphephile isihlahla emhlabathini, umbe kuso ngasohlangothini ngalunye ebangeni elingu-30 cm ukusuka esisekelweni... Izimpande ezijiyile zinganqunywa, lokhu ngeke kusilimaze isitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngosizo lwefosholo, isihlahla siyasuswa emhlabathini, kanye negabha lobumba, libekwa ku-polyethylene futhi lithuthelwe endaweni entsha yokutshala. Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala isitshalo esidala abuhlukile ekutshaleni izithombo.
Isitshalo esingenamandla njenge-gooseberry asidingi ukunakekelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwanele ukumnika isikhathi kanyengemuva kokutshala ngokwemithetho yonke, futhi iminyaka eminingi isitshalo sizokunikeza isivuno esihlwabusayo nesinempilo.